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1.
采用聚乙二醇—海藻酸钠—氯化钙方法包埋淡水型和海水型硝化细菌,比较分析铁离子对固定化和游离态硝化细菌中氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌活性的影响。结果表明,Fe~(3+)对游离态硝化细菌的影响大于固定化硝化细菌,当Fe~(3+)浓度为1mg·L~(-1)时固定化淡水硝化细菌氨氧化活性最高,游离态淡水型氨氧化活性受Fe~(3+)影响较大,120h后明显降低,但对亚硝酸盐氧化活性影响均较小。在不同Fe~(3+)浓度条件下,固定化海水硝化细菌氨氧化活性和亚硝酸盐氧化活性与不加Fe~(3+)组基本相同,而游离态海水型氨氧化和亚硝酸盐氧化活性均随Fe~(3+)浓度增大而略有降低。 相似文献
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1株亚硝酸盐降解菌的筛选、鉴定、降解条件及效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从养殖水体中筛选出1株对哑硝酸盐具有高效降解能力、增殖速度快、稳定和安全的优良菌株,经细菌学常规榆测和16S rRNA序列分析确定为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium,),并命名为SZ-3.对SZ-3菌株降解条件的单因素实验发现,其最佳降解条件是:pH 7.0,温度33℃,降解所需的最低葡萄糖含量为0.01 mg/L,在24 h内对亚硝酸盐的降解率达69.58%.在哑硝酸盐质量浓度为5 mg/L的100 L污染水体养殖实验中,添加1 000 mL,含量为1×108 CFU/mL的SZ-3培养菌液离心后的纯菌体,在28℃的水温条件下经96 h,SZ-3菌株对亚硝酸盐的降解率可达91.78%.表明该菌株对污染水体中的亚硝酸盐具有较强的降解效果.本研究旨在为研发高效实用的降解亚硝酸盐微生态活性菌奠定基础. 相似文献
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一株亚硝酸盐降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为获得高效降解亚硝酸盐菌,从鄱阳湖水域筛选出1株新型反硝化细菌,命名为X10。本实验对菌株进行16S rDNA基因序列分析,构建系统发育树并结合生化指标对该菌株进行鉴定;研究了亚硝酸盐浓度、pH值、温度、接种量对其生长及脱氮能力的影响,以及菌株对养殖水体中亚硝酸盐氮的降解能力。结果显示,X10鉴定为木糖氧化无色杆菌;温度30 ℃、pH 7.0、接种量3%,经48 h培养后菌株对筛选培养基中亚硝酸盐(浓度300 mg/L)的降解率最高,达99.8%;将该菌液(2×108 CFU/mL)按1%的接种量加入人工养殖池塘水中(亚硝酸盐质量浓度为0.45 mg/L,pH为6.7),28 ℃水温下经96 h后亚硝酸盐降解率达82.6%;安全性评价实验显示,X10菌落周围无溶血现象,并且高浓度菌液(5×108 CFU/mL)对斑马鱼无致死作用。研究表明X10在水产养殖中具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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固定化光合细菌净化养殖水质研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用海藻酸钠进行光合细菌固定化试验,比较了固定化菌和悬浮态菌的生长和生理特性,观察了其在载体中的分布,并对其净化养殖水的能力进行了初步研究.结果表明,固定化大大提高了光合细菌的生长速率;粒径为3.5mm,菌初始密度为0.12mg/L为最佳固定化条件.在生长初期,细菌在载体内的分布不均匀,后期趋于一致.固定化光合细菌对养殖水的净化能力大大优于悬浮态菌. 相似文献
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分别采用海藻酸钠包埋法、明胶包埋交联法、壳聚糖吸附交联法制备固定化海洋芽孢杆菌酯酶ETM-b,并对其固定化条件进行了研究。结果发现,壳聚糖制备的固定化酶效果最好,壳聚糖2%、戊二醛浓度1%、小球与酶液4∶3(g/ml)时制备的固定化酶的活性回收最高,达到66%。壳聚糖制备的固定化酶使用10次,相对活性保留70%,具有良好的操作稳定性。固定化酶在非水介质中具有转化α-乙酸萘酯(α-Naphthyl acetate)的能力,在异辛烷、正辛烷、正己烷中活性表现最高。 相似文献
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复合硝化菌制剂对水质改良的应用效果 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
室内静态水体中0.25mg/L复合硝化菌制剂使用后,7d内氨氮平均降解率为34.84%,亚硝酸盐氮的平均降解率为19.05%。0.5mg/L组氨氮平均降解率为45.05%,亚硝酸盐的平均降解率为41.79%。1.0mg/L组的氨氮平均降解率为55.26%,亚硝酸盐氮平均降解率为51.20%。氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的最大的降解峰值出现6d之间。而养殖池塘中,0.5mg/L复合硝化菌制剂后,5d内氨氮的降解率为13.61%～28.03%,7d内亚硝酸盐氮的降解率为9.30%～25.58%。0.2mg/L复合硝化菌制剂使用后,6d内氨氮的降解为23.40%～34.75%,7d内亚硝酸盐氮的降解率为16.33%～36.13%。试验结果表明,复合硝化菌制剂在养殖池塘中使用后,有降解速度快、降解能力强、维持时间长等特点,适宜于作为净化和调控养殖水质的渔用微生物制剂使用。 相似文献
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为了解固定化光合细菌对养殖水体的净化作用,分别采用海藻酸钠、PVA/海藻酸钠和NaCS微胶囊3种不同材料对光合细菌进行包埋,并比较了包埋后的光合细菌对养殖水体的净化效果。结果表明:以3种不同材料包埋的光合细菌,对养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸盐和COD的去除效果比对照组显著。以海藻酸钠—CaCl2法包埋的光合细菌小球,对养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸盐和COD的去除效果较好,但抗冲击力和机械性能较差;而以PVA/海藻酸钠—饱和硼酸法制备的光合细菌小球,传质性稍差;NaCS-PDMDAAC微胶囊,因其膜较薄,故抗冲击力较差,但其中空的纯液态环境为细胞的生长提供了更大的空间,尤其是在水处理10 d后,被包埋的细胞对氨氮、亚硝酸盐和COD的去除效果明显。 相似文献
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亚硝酸盐氮对金鱼鱼种的急性毒性效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用常规生物急性毒性试验方法,研究了亚硝酸盐氮对体长(6.50±0.50) cm、体质量(9.12±0.45) g金鱼的急性毒性效应.试验结果表明:金鱼对亚硝酸盐氮的耐受性随接触时间的增加而明显降低;亚硝酸盐氮对金鱼24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为1328.726、784.352、731.890、341.470 mg/L,95%可信区间依次为(1070.889～1648.393)、(578.031～1064.193)、(580.943～922.001)、(283.320～411.504) mg/L,安全质量浓度为34.15 mg/L. 相似文献
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非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼的急性毒性试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在水温21~23℃,pH 8.2~8.5,溶解氧6.00~7.50mg/L的条件下,采用半静水法研究了非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对全长(1.6±0.2)cm、体质量为(0.11±0.05)g的暗纹东方鲀稚鱼的急性毒性效应。试验结果表明,暗纹东方鲀稚鱼受到非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮胁迫后,先后出现鱼体体色变白、扭曲、侧游、失去平衡、昏迷等中毒症状。随着非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度的提高和胁迫时间的延长,暗纹东方鲀稚鱼死亡率逐渐升高,存在明显的剂量效应和时间效应关系。非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼96h半致死质量浓度分别为0.46mg/L(95%置信限0.34~0.64mg/L)和290.12mg/L(95%置信限255.16~329.87mg/L),安全质量浓度分别为0.046 mg/L和29.01mg/L。非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼具有一定毒性,且非离子氨氮毒性大于亚硝酸盐氮毒性。 相似文献
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由0.05g·L~(-1 )Na NO_2、0.54g·L~(-1)丁二酸钠、0.33g·L~(-1)K_2HPO_4·3H_2O和0.13g·L~(-1)Na Cl,以及一定量的金属离子溶液配成亚硝酸盐好氧反硝化培养液。将-20℃甘油保存的嗜油不动杆菌Acinetobacter oleivorans YT03菌液(菌液与40%甘油体积比为1∶1),以1%接种量分别接种至含不同质量浓度的Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Mo~(6+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Co~(2+)的好氧反硝化培养液中,在30℃、摇床转速150r·min~(-1)条件下培养6h,取样测定培养液中亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率,研究不同金属离子对嗜油不动杆菌YT03好氧反硝化降解养殖水体中亚硝酸盐的影响。结果表明,在优选的金属离子添加浓度下,0.50mg·L~(-1)Fe~(2+)使YT03菌对亚硝酸盐的去除率显著提高至不添加Fe~(2+)时的4.93倍,而18.48 mg·L~(-1)或0.65mg·L~(-1)的Mg~(2+)或Mn~(2+)则使YT03菌的亚硝酸盐去除率分别提高至不添加相应金属离子时的1.25或1.16倍。Ca~(2+)和Mo~(6+)对YT03菌降解亚硝酸盐的影响不明显。而在培养液中分别添加0.51 mg·L~(-1)、0.06 mg·L~(-1)或0.05mg·L~(-1)以上的Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)或Co~(2+)时,YT03菌对亚硝酸盐的去除率显著下降,呈显著抑制作用。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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