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1.
为系统评估禽流感病毒(AIV)H5N1变异株灭活疫苗(Re-4株)对家禽的免疫效果,本研究将Re-4株油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫SPF鸡和商品蛋鸡、商品鸭及商品鹅。免疫后每周采集血清测定HI抗体,绘制抗体消长曲线,免疫SPF鸡在免疫后2周、3周和50周时以105EID50剂量的强毒株(CK/SX/2/06)进行攻毒。研究结果显示,该疫苗对蛋鸡、鸭、鹅均具有良好的免疫效果,而且SPF免疫鸡血清HI抗体在4log2以上时能够完全抵抗CK/SX/2/06强毒的攻击。因此,根据实验结果推荐该油乳剂灭活疫苗的对上述禽类的免疫程序:商品蛋鸡10日龄颈部皮下注射0.3mL,60日龄和110日龄(开产前)时依次胸肌注射0.5mL和1.0mL进行免疫;商品鸭、鹅在2周龄均以0.5mL首免,5周龄和4月龄左右时以1mL的剂量肌肉注射方式进行加强免疫。  相似文献   

2.
雁鹅接种禽流感疫苗后抗体消长规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过对雁鹅使用重组禽流感灭活疫苗(H5N1,Re-1株)进行免疫后,定期采样,测定血清HI抗体效价,研究禽流感HI抗体的产生及消长规律。试验选取日龄相近的雏雁鹅320羽,随机分为4组,每组80羽。第1组10日龄免疫,0.5mL/羽;第2组14日龄免疫,0.5mL/羽;第3组14日龄首免0.5mL/羽,3周后二免1.0mL/羽;第4组14日龄首免0.5mL/羽,3周后二免1.5mL/羽。结果表明,对于雁鹅禽流感免疫,选择14日龄首免0.5mL/羽,3周后二免接种1.5mL/羽可取得较为理想的免疫效果,而疫苗免疫期应定为4个月。  相似文献   

3.
采用重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-6株)和重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗(Re-6株+Re-4株)进行蛋鸭免疫试验,监测免疫鸭的抗体消长动态,旨在为鸭禽流感免疫程序的制定提供理论依据。基于试验结果,提出鸭禽流感免疫程序:2周龄首免,4~5周龄二免,开产前2~3周三免,此后每隔4~5个月加强免疫一次。  相似文献   

4.
本试验采用H7N9亚型流感油乳灭活疫苗,对雏鸡、雏番鸭和雏鹅作3种不同程序的免疫试验["2周龄,0.3 mL/只,肌肉注射"(程序1)、"2周龄,0.5 mL/只,肌肉注射"(程序2)、"2周龄,0.3 mL/只,3周龄0.6 mL/只,肌肉注射"(程序3)],以了解H7N9亚型禽流感油乳灭活疫苗对鸡、番鸭、鹅诱导免疫应答的基本能力和不同接种方法诱导鸡、番鸭、鹅产生HI抗体反应的情况。研究结果表明,本疫苗对3种雏禽都具有较好的免疫原性,以番鸭反应最强,鹅、鸡次之;不同免疫程序分析表明,雏鸡和雏鹅,以程序3优于程序2,程序2优于程序1;雏番鸭,以程序3和程序2优于程序1。3种动物(鸡、鸭、鹅)各周平均HI效价分别为4.46 Log_2、6.31 Log_2、5.60 Log_2。研究结果为H7N9亚型禽流感油乳灭活疫苗的评价及相关禽类的免疫程序的制订提供了依据。  相似文献   

5.
1)种鸭、蛋鸭免疫。雏鸭14~21日龄时使用H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗初免,间隔3~4周再用H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗加强免疫1次。以后根据免疫抗体检测结果,每隔4~6个月用H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗免疫1次(避开产蛋高峰期)。2)农村散养禽免疫。在集中免疫时对7日龄以上的鸭用H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗全面免疫,此外每月应定期对新增家禽补免。  相似文献   

6.
本试验设计两疫苗各5组单次免疫方案,测定相应的抗体消长规律。在单免试验基础上设计双次免疫试验,检测不同方案的抗体消长规律,建立合理、适用性强的免疫方案。试验结果显示,浙东白鹅禽流感H5亚型免疫较为可行的方法是:在禽流感威胁小的区域和季节采用3周单次免疫,每羽鹅颈部皮下注射0.5 mL;在禽流感威胁严重的区域和季节采用1周首免,每羽颈部皮下注射0.5 mL,3周加强免疫,每羽颈部皮下注射1.0 mL。  相似文献   

7.
为了解H7N9亚型禽流感油乳灭活苗对不同品种鸭诱导免疫应答的基本能力和不同接种方法诱导各种鸭产生HI抗体的情况,试验采用H7N9亚型禽流感油乳灭活苗对4个品种(番鸭、白鸭、水鸭、麻鸭)的雏鸭进行3种不同程序的免疫试验(2周龄肌肉注射0.3 mL/只为程序1,2周龄肌肉注射0.5 mL/只为程序2,2周龄肌肉注射0.3 mL/只、3周龄肌肉注射0.6 mL/只为程序3)。结果表明,程序1免疫的雏鸭可在免疫后2周产生4.09~5.73 log_2HI抗体,免疫后1~8周均值为4.54~7.03 log_2;程序2免疫的雏鸭可在免疫后2周产生4.20~6.27 log_2的HI抗体,免疫后1~8周均值5.53~6.57 log_2;程序3免疫的雏鸭可在免后2周达到4.91~7.36 log_2,免疫后1~8周均值6.31~7.87 log_2。结果提示,该疫苗对4种鸭都具有良好的免疫原性,免疫后可较快地产生较高水平的抗体,且维持较长时间(8周以上),同时初步建立了鸭H7N9亚型禽流感油乳灭活疫苗的基本免疫程序。  相似文献   

8.
评价鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活疫苗(HB株)免疫16日龄北京鸭的效力、免疫产生期和持续期。利用实验室制备的3批鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活疫苗(201401、201402和201403批),以0.5 mL/只的剂量分别经肌肉或皮下注射途径免疫16日龄DTMUV抗体阴性北京鸭,首次免疫后14 d按照同样的剂量和途径进行二次免疫。分别于首免后14 d,二次免疫后7、14、42、60d和100 d采血分离血清,用ELISA方法检测抗体。采血后以0.5 mL/只含500 DID50的剂量经胸部肌肉注射鸭坦布苏病毒进行攻毒,攻毒后2 d采血,分离血清进行病毒分离。3个批次疫苗免疫16日龄北京鸭,二次免疫后7 d均可检测到血清抗体,至60 d检测时抗体阳性率在80%以上。三批疫苗二次免疫后7 d即对试验鸭产生保护,保护率可达到60%以上,其中皮下注射途径的免疫持续期为60 d,肌肉注射途径的免疫持续期为100 d。鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活疫苗对16日龄北京鸭采用二次免疫的程序可获得良好的保护效果,胸部肌肉注射途径优于皮下注射途径。  相似文献   

9.
<正>1禽流感禽流行性感冒(简称禽流感),是由禽流感病毒引起的一种急性、败血性、高度致死性传染病。以突然发病,头面部特别是肉髯和鸡冠水肿、发绀,呼吸道症状由轻到重,病程短,死亡迅速,全身呈败血性病变为特征。免疫程序雏鸡7~14日龄初免;间隔3-4周以及开产前分别加强免疫一次;以后根据免疫抗体检测结果,每隔4~6个月免疫一次。统一使用H5N1亚型Re-5+Re-4株禽流感灭活疫苗。雏鸭或雏鹅14~21日龄初免;间隔3~4周加强免疫一次;以  相似文献   

10.
为评价重组禽流感病毒二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-8株+H7N9 Re-1株)在商品肉鹅中的安全性和有效性,各取200只肉鹅进行单剂量和大剂量安全试验,另取500只进行免疫效力试验。结果显示:接种大剂量疫苗试验组的鹅,采食、饮水及精神状况正常,未见有不良临床反应,注射部位肌肉均未观察到炎症、疫苗残留现象,疫苗吸收良好,增重差异不明显。效力试验中,加强免疫后2周,抗体合格率达70%以上,病毒分离均为阴性。结果表明,该重组禽流感病毒二价灭活疫苗具有较好的安全性和有效性。建议对2周龄雏鹅进行首免,每只注射0.5 mL,5周龄时加强免疫1次,每只1.5 mL,这样可取得较好的免疫保护效果。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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