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1.
抗性淀粉对人体具有多种重要的生理功能,为了获得具有高抗性淀粉含量的水稻杂交后代,选用6个抗性淀粉含量具有显著差异的水稻品种按Griffing双列杂交设计配置成杂交组合,及正反交F1为材料研究了水稻籽粒抗性淀粉含量性状的遗传规律。结果表明,水稻抗性淀粉含量在参试组合中加性效应起主要的作用,同时受非加性效应以及细胞质效应的影响。一般配合力(GCA)效应在各亲本间存在明显差异,‘降糖稻1号’和‘丙9331’亲本均表现很高的正向一般配合力(GCA)效应值,其一般配合力效应值分别为0.303和0.101。其他品种均表现负向一般配合力(GCA)效应值。亲本本身的抗性淀粉含量与一般配合力的表现趋势一致,与相应的特殊配合力(SCA)有明显的相关性,与杂种一代表现有显著的相关性,表明利用亲本表型值对于预测组合的杂种优势具有一定的意义。 相似文献
2.
欧洲冬性小黑麦优良种质农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年，小黑麦的杂交育种和杂种优势受到了越来越多的关注，但是在该领域缺乏全面、综合的研究报道。本研究目的在于：（1）调查杂种优势；（2）评价一般配合力（oCA）与特殊配合力（SCA）的相对重要性；（3）评价GCA与品系自身表现的相关性；（4）研究亲本与杂种的性状相关性；（5）杂交育种展望。本试验于2001-2002年生长季节在德国的6种环境条件下评价了由化学杂交剂生产的290个F1杂种及其57个母本和5个测验种。 相似文献
3.
为了选育抗赤霉病且籽粒毒素含量低的小麦品种以减轻赤霉病危害,在对我国南方麦区地方品种进行赤霉病抗性鉴定的基础上,选用8个籽粒中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol, DON）含量水平不同的小麦品种作亲本,按8×8半双列杂交配制28个杂交组合,以接种后成熟籽粒中DON含量、病小穗数、病小穗率和病粒率为指标,进行赤霉病抗性、一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）遗传分析,以及不同鉴定指标间比较和相关性分析。结果表明,8个品种中籽粒DON含量以苏麦3号最低(0.5715 mg kg-1),Alondra’s最高(13.5560 mg kg-1),各组合F1的籽粒DON含量均低于感病品种Alondra’s。品种间GCA和SCA存在显著差异,籽粒DON含量以加性效应为主,存在部分显性效应。苏麦3号、望水白和翻山小麦表现出较好的一般配合力效应。以苏麦3号为亲本的5个组合、望水白为亲本的4个组合特殊配合力效应较大。扬麦158一般配合力效应较小,但有4个组合表现较好的特殊配合力效应。籽粒DON含量和病小穗数、病小穗率、病粒率呈极显著的正相关关系。感病品种Alondra’s和绵阳8545的各个抗性鉴定指标的一般配合力在8个品种的排序中表现一致,抗病品种各个抗性指标的一般配合力在8个参试材料间的排序有所差异。DON含量的狭义遗传力为74.54%,因此以抗DON积累为指标的赤霉病抗性育种,可以在早期世代进行选择。 相似文献
4.
以陆地棉的5个抗黄萎病品种为父本,4个感病品种为母本,采用不完全双列杂交配制20个组合,进行黄萎病抗性配合力研究。结果表明,冀122、中植棉2号在发病率、病情指数、相对病情指数3个性状上均具有较高的一般配合力（GCA）效应,而冀棉616、豫棉112、徐棉18号则为负向效应。通过特殊配合力（SCA）效应分析,有9个组合具有正效应,而11个组合为负效应。通过估算3个性状的GCA方差和SCA方差,表明这些性状主要受加性基因效应控制。通过遗传力分析,3个性状广义遗传力较大,可在早代选择。 相似文献
5.
小麦茎秆特性的配合力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随机选用8个亲本组配成一套双列杂交组合，研究了普通小麦茎秆特性的配合力。结果表明，基部第1节间茎粗的GCA差异极显著，但SCA差异未达显著，为加性模型遗传；其余节间茎粗和所有节间长的GCA和SCA差异都达到了极显著。均受加性效应和非加性效应的的共同作用，但以加性效应为主。各性状亲本的GCA效应与表现型值都呈正相关；同一性状中SCA效应大的杂交组合，一般至少有一个亲本的GCA效应最大或接近最大；相反，同一性状中SCA效应小的杂交组合，一般都有一个亲本的GCA效应为负且绝对值较大。节间长的hB2为98.5%－99.7%，hN2为63.9%-90.0%；茎粗的hB2为79.3%-92.4%，hN2为59.9%-73.4%。节间长的选择响应依节位自上而下递减，而茎粗则相反，依节位自上而下递增。最后，依据亲本的一般配合力效应和特殊配合力方差评价了亲本。依据性状的遗传特点讨论了后代选择、育种目标和亲本选配等问题。 相似文献
6.
糯高粱主要农艺性状配合力与杂种优势的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以7个不育系和5个恢复系为亲本,采用不完全双列杂交试验设计（NC II）配制35个杂交糯高粱组合,分析了10个主要农艺性状的配合力、杂种优势及其相关关系。结果表明：10个农艺性状的表达以加性基因效应为主,且多数性状同时受加性和非加性基因效应的共同影响。供试组合在多数性状上表现出较强的杂种优势。一般配合力（GCA）和总配合力（TCA）与竞争优势呈极显著相关,且其相关系数较大,说明本研究中可利用一般配合力或总配合力效应预测竞争优势;多数性状的一般配合力效应、特殊配合力效应（SCA）和总配合力效应与中亲优势呈显著或极显著相关,且特殊配合力效应与中亲优势的相关性多高于一般配合力或总配合力效应,但特殊配合力效应与中亲优势的相关系数较小不足以预测中亲优势,说明配合力与中亲优势的关系还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
7.
选用4份分枝型恢复系和6份雄性不育系材料作亲本,按照不完全双列杂交（NCII）设计配制24份向日葵杂交组合,对组合的小区产量、单株产量、单盘实粒数、百粒重、籽仁率、籽粒长度和籽粒宽度7个性状的亲本配合力、遗传参数及竞争优势进行分析。结果表明,24份组合的7个性状存在真实性的遗传差异。在亲本不育系一般配合力（GCA）选择的基础上,应注意组合特殊配合力（SCA）的选择,GCA效应值高的亲本育种潜力较大,组配出优势组合的概率大;籽粒长度和籽粒宽度的狭义遗传力较低,分别为7.91%和14.89%,不宜进行早代选择;GCA较高的不育系为亲本A和亲本D,其中亲本A在各性状上均为正向GCA效应值,且在供试不育系中,其GCA效应值最大,其次为亲本D;组合1×A小区产量的SCA效应值及竞争优势最高,为本试验中的最优组合,其他籽粒性状与对照相比也均有提升。 相似文献
8.
为了筛选胡麻优质品系作为杂交亲本配置组合,以求进一步在胡麻产量和品质方面有所突破,以本单位新培育的8个胡麻品系作为母本,与9个成熟品种进行组配,共配制72个杂交组合,旨在测定亲本的一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)。结果表明,CP2205在和产量密切相关的单株果数方面GCA表现突出,在千粒重和每果粒数方面也有正向表现;品质方面,CP2205在含油率、亚油酸、亚麻酸等重要方面GCA均表现较好,可作为重点品系进行组配。配置组合时可选用每果粒数、蛋白质和木酚素GCA值较高的品种来进行组配,从而提升后代材料的产量和品质。09-3-11在亚麻酸和亚油酸方面具有较高GCA效应,但在单株果数和每果粒数方面效应较低,组配时应选择这两方面GCA表现较为突出的品种作为亲本,可更容易选出优良后代。 相似文献
9.
8个热带、亚热带玉米群体的配合力和 杂种优势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【研究目的】对8个热带、亚热带玉米群体Pob45、Pob46、Pob501、Pob502、Pool33、Pool34、Pob25、Suwan1进行配合力及杂种优势分析。【方法】试验以自交系昌7-2、郑22、掖478、齐319、Mo17为测验种,采用NCⅡ遗传设计。【结果】Pob25和Pob502的产量一般配合力（GCA）较高,综合产量的一般配合力（GCA）、特殊配合力（SCA）和配合力总效应。【结论】得出塘四平头（昌7-2）×Pob501,塘四平头（昌7-2）×Pob25,Reid（掖478）×Pob25,塘四平头（昌7-2）×Suwan1,旅大红骨（郑22）×Pob502为5大杂优模式。 相似文献
10.
为了解新疆AL型三系杂交小麦亲本间配合力及其杂种优势关系,利用稳定不育系8份,恢复力强的恢复系9份,按照NCⅡ不完全双列杂交(8×9)设计配制72个F1杂交组合,对亲本及杂交组合的7个农艺性状进行配合力效应和杂种优势分析,再根据亲本性状和一般配合力划分杂种优势类群。结果表明,三系小麦杂交组合中普遍存在产量和产量性状杂种优势,针对强优势组合的亲本选择,双亲之一一般配合力(GCA)或双亲GCA之和为正值且相对较大;相关性分析表明,中亲优势与父本和母本GCA值之和呈极显著正相关,父本和母本的GCA相关性大于特殊配合力(SCA)相关性。针对6个性状的GCA效应值和性状表型值分别进行聚类分析表明,配合力距离远的亲本组配可能出现强优势杂交组合的几率较大,性状表型值距离较远的两个亲本同一性状之间的优势互补也可以在后代中表现出较强的杂种优势。将17个亲本划分为4个和5个类群,为后续AL型杂交小麦强优势杂交组合的配制提供了依据。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献