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1.
本文研究了溶菌酶对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫指标的影响.采用单因子试验设计,选用体重相近1日龄从肉仔鸡320羽,随机分成5组,每组64羽,4个重复,每个重复16羽(公母各1/2).以玉米-豆粕配制基础日粮,Ⅰ为对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ分别饲喂基础日粮加不同剂量(添加量分别为0.3、0.4、0.5和0.6 g/kg)的溶菌酶,试验期42 d.结果表明:添加溶菌酶可降低肉仔鸡采食量、料重比,提高日增重.Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比,全期(0～6周)Ⅳ组日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);提高了肉仔鸡免疫指标,前期(0～3周)及后期(4～6周),Ⅳ组的胸腺相对重量较Ⅰ组显著增加(P<0.05);Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的法氏囊相对重量较Ⅰ组显著增加(P<0.05);21日龄时,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的血清总蛋白含量较Ⅰ组均显著提高(P<0.05);42日龄时,Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的血清球蛋白含量、血清抗体IgG的含量较Ⅰ组显著提高(P<0.05).结果提示:饲料中添加适量溶菌酶后,肉仔鸡能量、养分表观代谢率和免疫指标均有提高的趋势.  相似文献   

2.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(11):2192-2196
选取192羽1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复16只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在基础饲粮中添加0.2%的酵母浓缩物,其中II组添加方式为1~42日龄连续添加,Ⅲ组为1~21日龄添加而22~42日龄不添加,试验期42d。结果表明:1~21日龄,和对照组比较试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组ADG分别提高9.84%(P<0.05)和9.43%(P<0.05),干物质和粗脂肪表观代谢率提高(P<0.05),试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05);22~42日龄,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组ADG分别提高12.06%(P<0.05)和5.18%(P>0.05),试验组组间差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组营养物质表观代谢率均高于对照组,但试验组组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。1~42日龄,Ⅱ组Ⅲ组ADG分别提高11.47%(P<0.05)和6.28%(P<0.05),ADFI提高(P>0.05),F/G降低(P>0.05)。综合分析,酵母浓缩物可以提高肉仔鸡的平均日增重和营养物质表观代谢率,降低料重比,并具有后续促生长的作用。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在探究不同能量水平饲粮中添加白酒糟酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体组成和血清生化指标的影响。选用350只1日龄爱拔益加健康公雏,随机分为5个组,分别为:Ⅰ组(基础饲粮,对照组)、Ⅱ组(基础饲粮+0.5%白酒糟酵母培养物)、Ⅲ组(基础饲粮+1.0%白酒糟酵母培养物)、Ⅳ组(基础饲粮降低0.21 MJ/kg代谢能+0.5%白酒糟酵母培养物)和Ⅴ组(基础饲粮降低0.42 MJ/kg代谢能+1.0%白酒糟酵母培养物),每组7个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期42 d。结果显示:1)21日龄肉仔鸡平均体重以对照组最低,其他各组略有升高,Ⅲ组升高趋势明显(P0.10)。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组肉仔鸡22~42日龄料重比有所改善(P0.10),Ⅱ组料重比在1~42日龄低于对照组(P0.05)。2)与对照组比,Ⅳ组肉仔鸡21日龄腹脂率显著降低(P0.05),Ⅴ组肉仔鸡腹脂率在21日龄和42日龄有降低的趋势(P0.05)。3)饲粮添加白酒糟酵母培养物对肉仔鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、钙和磷含量影响均不显著(P0.05)。4)21日龄时,对照组肉仔鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性最低,且显著低于Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组(P0.05);各试验组肉仔鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组肉仔鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P0.05)。42日龄时,各试验组肉仔鸡血清T-AOC均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上,不同能量水平饲粮中添加0.05%~0.10%白酒糟酵母培养物可提高肉仔鸡体增重,改善料重比,降低腹脂率,提高血清抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

4.
《当代畜牧》2007,(11):29-31
试验选用90只1日龄(平均体重42克)的健康白羽肉仔鸡,完全随机分为4组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ),每个组设3个重复,试验组每个重复7只鸡(公母混群)。Ⅰ为对照组(每个重复9只鸡),饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为试验组,分别饲喂基础日粮+甘草药渣,甘草药渣的添加量分别为3%、4%、5%,进行饲养试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加量为3%的甘草药渣组能显著提高肉鸡的日增重,降低料肉比(P<0.05);能显著提高饲粮中粗蛋白质的表观代谢率(P<0.05),而添加不同水平的甘草渣各组都降低了饲粮中粗脂肪的表观代谢率(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

5.
为研究日粮中不同添加剂量γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对肉雏鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,将500只1日龄三黄羽肉雏鸡随机分为5组(每组100羽),其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在日粮中添加5、30、50和70 mg/kg的GABA,统计试验全期(1～42日龄)的生长性能指标,并测定21和42日龄血清生化指标。结果显示:试验Ⅳ组体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅳ组平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);各组间平均日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结果提示:日粮中添加GABA可以增加肉雏鸡的体重、提高平均日增重、降低平均日采食量;肉雏鸡血清生化指标不受GABA的影响;日粮中推荐添加30 mg/kg的GABA。  相似文献   

6.
选择健康1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡200羽,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10羽,其中:Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂常规日粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组为试验组,日粮中分别添加黄芪多糖(APS)0.3%、0.5%和0.7%。于7和14日龄时,测定每组血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,肝脏、脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺等免疫器官指数,及14日龄时平均日增重、平均采食量和料重比。结果:Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组平均日增重(38.04 g和38.95 g)及料重比(1.59和1.60)显著高于对照组(32.40 g,1.70),P<0.05;APS对7日龄肉仔鸡肝脏指数和脾脏指数具有一定作用,且具有明显的量效关系,但对7日龄法氏囊指数和胸腺指数及14日龄各免疫器官指数均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组相比,各试验组在7日龄和14日龄时血清SOD活性增加,MDA含量降低,但也与APS剂量有关,Ⅳ组血清SOD活性及MDA含量均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。研究表明:APS对肉仔鸡生长性能、脾脏指数和抗氧化能力均具有作用,但呈量效关系,以添加0.7%APS作用明显。  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在研究白酒糟酵母培养物(DGYC)对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标和肠道形态结构的影响,以确定肉仔鸡饲粮中DGYC的适宜添加水平。选取525只1日龄健康的爱拔益加肉仔鸡公雏,随机分为5个组,每组7个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮基础上分别添加0.25%、0.50%、1.00%和2.00%的DGYC。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加1.00%DGYC提高了肉仔鸡生长后期(22～42日龄)平均日增重(0.05≤P<0.10),显著降低了料重比(P<0.05),且均随DGYC添加水平提高呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.25%DGYC显著降低了肉仔鸡21日龄腹脂率(P<0.05),显著提高了42日龄腿肌率(P<0.05);饲粮添加0.50%和1.00%DGYC有降低肉仔鸡42日龄胸肌滴水损失的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。3)饲粮添加DGYC线性提高了肉仔鸡21和42日龄血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05);饲粮添加DGYC二次性提高了肉仔鸡21日龄血清GSH-Px活性以及42日龄血清SOD活性和T-AOC (P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮添加1.00%DGYC显著提高了肉仔鸡21日龄血清GSH-Px活性(P<0.05);饲粮添加0.50%、1.00%和2.00%DGYC显著提高了肉仔鸡21日龄血清SOD活性(P<0.05),显著提高了肉仔鸡21和42日龄血清T-AOC(P<0.05);饲粮添加0.50%和1.00%DGYC显著提高了肉仔鸡42日龄血清SOD活性(P<0.05)。4) 1.00%DGYC添加组肉仔鸡21日龄空肠绒毛高度和42日龄绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且均随DGYC添加水平提高呈二次性升高(P <0.05)。5)肉仔鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标和空肠形态结构随DGYC添加水平升高存在二次曲线效应。二次曲线拟合结果表明,DGYC添加水平为0.9%～1.1%时,空肠形态结构最佳;添加水平为1.1%～1.2%时,生长性能和血清抗氧化能力最佳。由此可见,饲粮添加DGYC能提高肉仔鸡血清抗氧化能力,改善空肠黏膜形态结构,从而改善生长性能。以肉仔鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标和肠黏膜形态结构为判断指标,推荐肉仔鸡基础饲粮中DGYC添加水平为0.9%～1.2%。  相似文献   

8.
氯化铵对肉仔鸡热应激的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
通过离子平衡途径,在肉仔鸡日粮中添加氯化铵,观察其对家禽热应激的影响。将270只1日龄艾维茵肉雏鸡随机分为5个处理,每处理设3个重复,试验持续到5周龄。试验模拟夏季高温环境,全期人工控温28～35℃。1～28日龄进行饲养试验;29～34日龄进行代谢试验。5组试验日粮为:Ⅰ为正对照组,21%CP;Ⅱ为Ⅰ组日粮+0 62%氯化铵;Ⅲ为负对照组,19%CP;Ⅳ为Ⅲ组日粮+0 62%氯化铵;Ⅴ为Ⅲ组日粮+1 00%氯化铵。试验结果表明:Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组肉仔鸡期末体重、日增重、采食量和饲料转化率与对照组无显著差异,Ⅴ组21日龄体重显著降低(P<0 05);Ⅱ和Ⅴ组显著提高CP、Ca和P的表观代谢率(P<0 05),Ⅴ组P除外;Ⅴ组粪便含水率明显增加(P<0 01);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与对照组代谢指标差异不显著。  相似文献   

9.
β-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡免疫机能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验选择健康、体重相近1日龄AA肉仔鸡384羽(公母各半),公母分开饲养,公母各设4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每重复12羽。处理Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为β-甘露聚糖酶添加组,在基础日粮的基础上分别添加0.03%、0.06%、0.1%的β-甘露聚糖酶。试验期为6周,测定肉鸡免疫机能指标。结果表明,日粮中添加不同水平的β-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡免疫器官指数没有显著影响,性别因素对其也无影响。而日粮中添加不同水平的β-甘露聚糖酶可以提高肉鸡血清中IgA、IgG的含量,而性别因素对其无影响。与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组IgA含量分别提高了17.14%(P<0.05)、51.43%(P<0.01)和34.28%(P<0.01);IgG含量分别提高了23.96%(P<0.05)、36.28%(P<0.01)和28.99%(P<0.01),但对血清IgM含量没有显著影响。综合考虑,在本试验设计的添加范围内,添加水平为0.06%时,血清IgA、IgG含量最高。  相似文献   

10.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平刺槐豆胶酶解产物对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响。选用1日龄健康的爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡768羽,随机分为6个组,每组8个重复,每个重复16只鸡。Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加有效成分含量为5 mg/kg的黄霉素,Ⅲ组在基础饲粮中添加0.1%的刺槐豆胶,Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的刺槐豆胶酶解产物。试验期42 d。结果表明:1) 1～21日龄,Ⅵ组平均日增重(ADG)显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组平均日采食量(ADFI)显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。22～42日龄,Ⅴ组ADG显著高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P0.05)。1～42日龄,Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组ADG和ADFI均显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。2) 21和42日龄,各组之间血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量及谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性均无显著差异(P0.05)。3) 21和42日龄,各组之间血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。各组之间胸肌T-SOD、GR活性和MDA含量无显著差异(P0.05)。Ⅵ组肝脏MDA含量显著低于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅵ组肝脏T-SOD活性显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加适量刺槐豆胶酶解产物可以提高肉仔鸡ADG和ADFI,增强肝脏抗氧化能力。本试验条件下,肉仔鸡饲粮中刺槐豆胶酶解产物的适宜添加量为0.3%。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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