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为精准掌握北京市设施蔬菜种植情况和产能情况，项目深入挖掘“数字菜田项目”采集的5000个设施温室数据价值，开展基于物联网技术和图像识别技术的设施生产状态和作物品种识别研究，构建设施大棚生产状态识别模型和作物品种识别模型，并集成到北京市种植业综合管理平台，构建监管设施农业应用场景，从而为政府提供精准、高效的集中监管、远程指挥和决策支持，以北京市设施蔬菜发展带动农业产业振兴、乡村振兴。 相似文献
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以提高农业机械化管理科学决策水平为研究目标，对发展农业机械化促进农业增效农民增收提出了措施与建议，对目前农业机械化管理领域的若干问题进行了探讨。农民增收是“三农”问题的核心问题，是新农村建设的着力点，更是城乡统筹的落脚点。新阶段提高劳动生产率是农民增收的根本途径，农业机械化是农业劳动生产率提高的关健，科学发展观是推进农业机械化、促进农民增收的重要指导方针。农业机械化的发展促使着农民增产、增收，如果没有机械化，现代农业就没有生命力，先进的农业技术不通过机械手段来实施，就不可能得到大面积应用。我们要抓好5个结合，即推进农业机械化与产业结构调整、与推进优势农产品区域布局、与农业产业化经营、与加快工业化和城镇化进程的结合，加强政府的支持和调控力度与充分发挥市场机制作用的结合。随着社会的进步，农业科学与农业机械化越来越密切，将逐步走上农机、农艺紧密结合、相互适应的良性发展轨道。 相似文献
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农业机械化在农业发展中起着举足轻重的作用，它可以有效地提高农业生产的效率和质量，从而使整个作物的产量和质量得到提高。然而，目前我国农业机械化技术的推广和应用还存在着一些问题，因此，要提高技术推广的成效，就必须把重点放在如何解决这些问题上。基于此，本文对当前推广中遇到的问题进行了剖析，并提出了相应的对策，希望能对机械化技术的推广有所借鉴。 相似文献
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随着社会经济的发展,带动了农业技术的进步。我国是农业大国,在农业技术发展上一直在不断研究、探索,提倡农业全过程机械化生产模式,以取缔传统农业作业方式,实现生产量的提升。田间机械化作业方式在农业生产中发挥着重要的作用,是新形势下农业技术提升的产物,为农业生产带来了方便条件。在此背景下,文章就新形势下田间机械发展的特点与趋势进行简要分析与探究。 相似文献
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推动农业机械发展是构建现代农业的重要组成部分,而转变农机发展模式、实现技术创新对于现代农业发展具有深远影响。在本次研究中,文章首先分析了当前农业机械化发展中存在的问题,包括农业装备结构不合理、农业机械化组织机构不完善等,其次针对问题对未来农业机械化发展路径详细总结,最后文章将基于智慧农业角度,对农业机械化发展方向做进一步分析。根据本文的研究结果显示,在现代农业机械化发展中,相关人员不仅要认识到农机发展面临的机遇与挑战,能够从技术层面出发,充分发挥物联网等现代化技术措施的先进性,还要通过优化技术路径等手段增强农业机械设备的功能,争取通过技术创新等一系列手段消除制约农机发展的不合理因素,最终为全面提升农业机械化水平提供支持。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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M. G. Bos H. van den Bosch H. Diemont H. van Keulen J. Lahr G. Meijerink A. Verhagen 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2007,21(1):1-15
The rural sustainability index is a scientifically based tool to quantify the performance of agriculture. The sustainability
of crop production is quantified from three perspectives; people, planet and profit. Within each perspective, one condition
was selected that must be met to warrant agriculture. These are: No hazardous work should be used within the crop production
chain; agricultural crops should not be grown on land allocated to nature by national law or regulations and, when a GM-crop
is present or is introduced in a region, it should not harm development opportunities of other farmers. If these excluding
conditions are met, the sustainability of agriculture is assessed through five performance indicators on school attendance,
water use and consumption, fertilizer use, pesticide use, and farm income. For each of the five indicators, critical values
and target values have been given that limit the transition range between non-sustainable and sustainable production. The
five indicators are combined into a sustainability index. The index aims at improving the socio-economic position of farmers
while protecting the environment.
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