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含羞草素降解途径的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
银合欢是一种速生高产豆科木本饲料,被誉为热带和亚热带地区的“奇迹树”,和“蛋白质库”。银合欢所含含羞草素〔β－Ｎ－（３－羟基－４－吡啶酮〕－α－苯丙氨酸〕及其瘤胃代谢产物３,４－ＤＨＰ〔３－羟基－４（１氢）吡啶酮〕对反刍家畜有毒。但将“涠洲瘤胃液”灌入反刍家畜瘤胃后,用银合欢饲喂反刍家畜,不但不引起中毒,而且可取得良好的饲养效果,本试验对含羞草素在“涠洲瘤胃液”脱毒细菌作用下的降解途径进行了探讨。 相似文献
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优质木本饲料银合欢的营养成份及其利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
时永杰 《江西畜牧兽医杂志》1997,(4):42-42
银合欢以其速生高产、营养价值高、适口性好而成为家畜和家禽的优质饲料。但因其含有含羞草素及其在反刍动物瘤胃中的降解产物3，4—DHP而引起家畜中毒。采用接种非中毒地区家畜瘤胃中的3，4—DHP降解菌或其培养物可成功解决银合欢作为饲料利用的中毒问题，从而使银合欢的利用不再受地域限制。 相似文献
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热带、亚热带牧草银合欢的开发利用——涠洲岛黄牛、山羊瘤胃液的接种转移及我国 DHP—降解细菌资源的发现 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本研究将广西北海市涠洲岛黄牛和山羊的瘤胃液用胃管分别接种转移到广西大陆地区采食100%银合欢的合浦黄牛和山羊的瘤胃中,观察能否使其尿中排出的毒素 DHP 浓度下降或不再排出。结果表明,在接种后第3或第4日12头合浦黄牛尿中DHP 浓度分别由0.22%和0.21%下降至0,2头合浦山羊尿中 DHP 浓度分别由0.42%和0.52%下降至0。由此可见,我国广西涠洲岛黄牛和山羊瘤胃中都存在可使银合欢脱毒的 DHP—降解细菌资源。 相似文献
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银合欢中的含羞草素(mimosine)和它的代谢产物3-羟基-4(1氢)毗啶酮(3-hyd-foxy-4(1H)Pyridone,DHP)引起的毒性是不同的。含羞草素对家畜直接有毒,而 DHP 只是通过它的致甲状腺肿作用间接产生毒性.因此能将含羞草素降解成 DHP 的家畜比不能降解的家畜采食的银合欢多,而能将DHP 进一步降解的家畜采食银合欢量更高,甚至可以全喂银合欢.转化含羞草素为 DHP 的酶存在于某些种类(并非全部)含有含羞草素的银合欢植物细胞中.酶和底物接触例如浸泡时即出现上述转变.这种酶当 pH 值低于4时,急剧升温到70℃以上和干燥时便失去活性。这些发现对深入研究银合欢的脱毒具有重要意义.例如家畜咀嚼,可以加速含羞草素转化为DHP.这种转化在反刍动物瘤胃中可以达到几乎完全的程度,但在单胃动物中,由于胃酸的作用,到了胃里这种转化就中止了。晾晒或快速干燥的叶粉中含羞草素的含量实际上没有变化,只是其中的酶变性了.装在塑料袋中曝晒或在潮湿条件下堆放变质的叶粉中大部分含羞草素转化成 DHP.这种变化可用以解释银合欢引起家畜中毒的许多互相矛盾的报导。限制银合欢用作家畜饲料的主要因素是其中含有的有毒非蛋白质氨基酸含羞草素.在某些条件下,含羞草素很容易转化为 DHP.含羞草素和 DHP 的毒性作用很不同,这方面的研究进展十分迅速。现总结有关银合欢毒性方面的研究结果. 相似文献
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银合欢在动物饲料中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
银合欢营养价值很高,蛋白质含量丰富,是一种优质的饲料,但它含有含羞草素抗营养因子,对家畜有毒性。下面浅述银合欢的脱毒处理及含羞草素在体内的降解。1 营养价值1.1 银合欢的营养成分 银合欢是豆科银合欢属植物,是多年生、耐干旱、枝叶繁茂、四秀常绿的灌木或乔木。它的适口性好并且蛋白质含量丰富,还富含胡萝卜素和多种维 相似文献
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银合欢涠洲DHP—降解细菌脱毒及饲喂乳牛效果的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
将１８头乳用后备母牛分为３组，其中Ⅲ组为对照组，喂象草，Ⅰ，Ⅱ组喂银合欢并分别以灌胃接种和接触感染方式使试牛获得涠洲ＤＨＰ－降解细菌，观察银合欢的脱毒和饲养效果。结果指出，接种后Ⅰ，Ⅱ组试牛尿中３－羟基－４（１氢）吡啶酮浓度明显降低，其中Ⅰ组各试牛最后均为零，Ⅰ，Ⅱ组试牛瘤胃液抽出后在３７℃体外培养一周，可使培养基中ＤＨＰ全部降解，由此说明涠洲ＤＨＰ－降解细菌可在试牛瘤胃中充分繁殖生长并发挥脱毒作 相似文献
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银合欢在动物饲料中的应用 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
银合欢营养价值很高,蛋白质含量丰富,是一种优质的饲料,但它含有含羞草素抗营养因子,对家畜有毒性。本文主要叙述了银合欢的脱毒处理及含羞草素在动物体内的降解。1营养价值1.1银合欢的营养成分(见表1)银合欢是豆科银合欢属植物,是一种多年生、耐干旱、枝叶繁茂、四季常绿的灌木或乔木。它的适口性好并且蛋白质含量丰富还富含胡萝卜素和多种维生素(尤其是维生素C)及微量元素,是一种速生高产豆科木本饲料;它的嫩茎叶粗蛋白含量占千物质的22%～30%,种子含有合欢氨基酸及半胱氨酸等营养成分。银合欢在土壤贫瘠的热带地区也能长得很表1银合欢干… 相似文献
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银合欢叶粉中含羞草素在牛瘤胃内代谢降解的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
6头从未接触过银合欢叶粉饲料的杂交黄牛被用于研究含羞草素在瘤胃中的代谢降解，试验牛第1～26天日采食2kg银合欢叶粉，27－29天增加到4kg，30天以后日采食量达7kg。试验第1、8、15、22、28和31天为瘤胃液采样日期，采样日期投喂银合欢叶粉后第0、2、4、6、8、12和24小时为采样时间。瘤胃液样本经处理后测定含羞草素、总挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮浓度以及各种挥发性脂肪酸的比例。试验结果表明：试验牛瘤胃微生物开始接触银合欢叶粉不久即具有降解含羞草素的能力，喂后1小时瘤胃中含羞草素达到峰值浓度，喂后2小时即下降60％以上，含羞草素并不影响瘤胃发酵程度和发酵类型。 相似文献
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将１８头乳用后备母牛分为３组，其中Ⅲ组为对照组，喂象草，Ⅰ、Ⅱ组喂银合欢并分别以灌胃接种和接触感染方式使试牛获得涸洲ＤＨｐ－降解细菌，观察银合欢的脱毒和饲养效果。结果指出，接种后Ⅰ、Ⅱ组试牛尿中３－羟基－４（１氢）吡啶酮（ＤＨＰ）浓度明显降低，其中Ⅰ组各试牛最后均为零，Ⅰ、Ⅱ组试牛瘤胃液抽出后在３７℃体外培养一周，可使培养基中ＤＨＰ全部降解，由此说明涸洲ＤＨｐ～降解细菌可在试牛瘤胃中充分繁殖生长并发挥脱毒作用。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组试牛的平均日增重分别为０．８２千克、０．７１千克和０．３３千克，饲料报酬分别为５．７３、１．７０和１３．８１，１、Ⅱ组试牛平均日增重和饲料报酬均极显著高于ｍ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），而Ⅰ、Ⅱ组之间无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），故经涠洲ＤＨＰ－降解细菌脱毒后，银合欢是一种优良的蛋白质饲料。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2019,(18):54-58
应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。 相似文献
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液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度. 相似文献
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In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum. 相似文献
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Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size. 相似文献
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Nadine Pa?lack Barbara Mainzer Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt Helmut Schafft Richard Palavinskas Angele Breithaupt Jürgen Zentek 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(1):57-66
This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations. 相似文献