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【目的】 探讨桃金娘果多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。【方法】 腹腔注射环磷酰胺80 μg/g BW, 1次/d, 连续3 d, 建立小鼠免疫抑制模型。将造模成功的小鼠随机分为5组(每组16只): 模型组、黄芪多糖组、桃金娘果多糖低、中、高剂量组。另设16只健康小鼠为正常组。黄芪多糖组每只小鼠按200 μg/g BW剂量腹腔注射黄芪多糖混悬液, 桃金娘果多糖低、中、高剂量组分别按50、100、200 μg/g BW剂量腹腔注射桃金娘果多糖混悬液, 正常组和模型组每只小鼠腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水, 1次/d, 连续7 d。试验结束后, 分别测定小鼠脏器指数(胸腺、脾脏)、血清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、溶菌酶(LZM)的含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。【结果】 桃金娘果多糖不同剂量组小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数均有不同程度提高, 尤以桃金娘果中剂量组最高, 与模型组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。桃金娘果多糖不同剂量组IL-6、IL-1β血清细胞因子含量均极显著高于模型组(P<0.01);桃金娘果多糖低、中剂量组的血清IFN-γ、IL-2含量相较于模型组都有所提升, 但差异均不显著(P>0.05), 桃金娘果多糖高剂量组的IFN-γ、IL-2含量均极显著高于模型组(P<0.01)。桃金娘果多糖不同剂量组小鼠的POD活性和LZM含量均极显著或显著高于模型组(P<0.01;P < 0.05)。【结论】 桃金娘果多糖中剂量即100 μg/g BW对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的恢复效果最佳。 相似文献
2.
天门冬多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能调节的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究天门冬多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,选取体重为18~22g的昆明小鼠60只,随机分成6组,每组10只,分别设立生理盐水对照组、阳性对照组[腹腔注射150mg/(kg·BW)环磷酰胺]以及4组供试药物组[每组供试药物组的小鼠在腹腔注射150mg/(kg·BW)环磷酰胺后,分别注射100、200、300、400mg/(kg·BW)的天门冬多糖溶液],连续处理7d后,检测小鼠血浆中的细胞因子(IL-2、IL-6和IFN-γ)的含量,并计算小鼠脾脏指数和胸腺指数,观察小鼠脾脏和胸腺的组织学变化。结果显示,与生理盐水对照组、环磷酰胺对照组比较,100mg/(kg·BW)和200mg/(kg·BW)天门冬多糖试验组小鼠的血浆中IL-2和IL-6细胞因子水平明显升高;200mg/(kg·BW)和300mg/(kg·BW)供试药物组小鼠的血浆中IFN-γ的水平显著升高;天门冬多糖试验组的小鼠脾脏指数显著提高。试验表明天门冬多糖具有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。 相似文献
3.
为研究复方天门冬多糖注射液对小鼠免疫功能的影响,采用环磷酰胺(CTX)作为抑制剂建立小鼠免疫抑制模型,注射不同配比的复方天门冬多糖注射液,测定小鼠胸腺和脾脏脏器指数、血清白细胞介素2(IL-2)水平及腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数,并从组织形态上观察胸腺与脾脏的结构变化。结果表明,复方天门冬多糖注射液对小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数无显著影响;复方天门冬多糖Ⅳ组可以极显著提高小鼠血清中IL-2的水平(P<0.01);复方天门冬多糖Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组极显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力(P<0.01);复方天门冬多糖能不同程度地减缓环磷酰胺所致小鼠胸腺和脾脏的萎缩,增加胸腺皮质细胞数量,保持脾小结完整和增加脾淋巴细胞数量。表明复方天门冬多糖对小鼠的非特异性免疫功能具有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
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【目的】研究在基础饲粮中添加牛磺酸复合添加剂对免疫低下模型小鼠免疫功能的影响,旨在为提高动物免疫机能的营养调控措施提供一定的理论依据。【方法】将80只小鼠随机均分为4组：C和M组小鼠饲喂基础饲粮,H和MH组小鼠给予含有8.8%的牛磺酸复合添加剂的基础饲粮,试验期51 d。M和MH组小鼠于试验第31天起连续4 d腹腔注射70 μg/g BW环磷酰胺（CTX）,制备免疫低下模型,其余小鼠腹腔注射等体积生理盐水。统计整个试验期的日采食量,每周称量小鼠体重,并计算平均日采食量（ADFI）和平均日增重（ADG）。试验结束后,采集小鼠血清及胸腺和脾脏,检测小鼠免疫器官指数、细胞免疫、体液免疫、非特异性免疫功能及血清中细胞因子和免疫球蛋白水平的变化。【结果】与C组相比,M组小鼠ADFI、耳肿胀度、血清溶血素水平、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）水平显著降低（P<0.05）,ADG、胸腺指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、抗体生成细胞量、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力、白介素6（IL-6）和免疫球蛋白A （IgA）水平极显著降低（P<0.01）,脾脏指数极显著升高（P<0.01）;碳廓清指数和免疫球蛋白M （IgM）水平无显著差异（P>0.05）;与M组相比,MH组小鼠的ADFI、ADG、胸腺指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、耳肿胀度和IgM水平均显著提高（P<0.05）,血清溶血素水平、抗体生成细胞量、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力、IL-6和IgA水平均极显著提高（P<0.01）,脾脏指数显著降低（P<0.05）,碳廓清指数和IgG水平无显著差异（P>0.05）。【结论】该牛磺酸复合添加剂能够改善由CTX所致免疫低下小鼠的固有免疫和适应免疫,改善细胞因子和免疫球蛋白的水平,起到增强小鼠免疫力的作用。 相似文献
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旨在探究山豆根多糖对猪圆环病毒2型（porcine circovirus 2,PCV2）感染小鼠体内外炎性因子分泌水平的影响。通过PCV2感染小鼠脾淋巴细胞建立体外炎症模型,用不同浓度（100、200、400 μg/mL）的山豆根多糖作用细胞,采用ELISA法测定细胞分泌IL-1β、IL-8、MCP-1水平和细胞内COX-1活性;利用PCV2体内感染昆明种小鼠建立氧化胁迫模型后,腹腔注射低、中、高浓度[100、200、400 mg/（kg·BW）]的山豆根多糖,应用ELISA法测定小鼠脾脏、肺脏组织和血清中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-8、MCP-1分泌水平和COX-1活性。结果显示,与PCV2感染模型细胞相比,经不同浓度山豆根多糖处理的小鼠脾淋巴细胞中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-8、MCP-1水平和细胞内COX-1活性均不同程度降低,其中,400 μg/mL的山豆根多糖作用最佳（P<0.01）;利用不同浓度的山豆根多糖腹腔注射PCV2感染小鼠后,均能抑制PCV2感染小鼠的脾脏、肺脏组织和血清中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-8、MCP-1分泌水平和COX-1的活性,其中,高浓度[400 mg/（kg·BW）]的山豆根多糖作用最佳（P<0.01）。综上提示,山豆根多糖能够抑制PCV2感染小鼠炎性因子分泌,从而发挥抗炎作用。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2019,(5)
为了研究吉医胶囊(SAOG)对环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CTX)所致免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用,并阐述其作用机制。将ICR小鼠分为对照组、模型组、吉医胶囊低、中、高(0.4、0.8、1.6 mg/10 g·bw)剂量组,各组连续灌服21 d,对照组/模型组灌服生理盐水。模型组和SAOG各剂量组试验结束前连续5 d腹腔注射CTX(20 mg/kg·bw),对照组腹腔注射同体积的生理盐水。给药结束后,测定各组小鼠外周血白细胞数,胸腺和脾脏指数,并对胸腺和脾脏的组织形态学进行观察,使用碳粒廓清法评估巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,ELISA法检IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平,CCK-8法评价脾淋巴细胞增殖能力,采用流式细胞术检测外周血淋巴细胞数量变化。结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组小鼠脾脏和胸腺损伤明显,与模型组相比,SAOG各剂量组小鼠胸腺指数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、TNF-α水平、淋巴细胞数量和增殖能力显著增加,脾脏和胸腺的病理损伤明显减轻。结果表明,吉医胶囊具有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。 相似文献
9.
通过腹腔注射80 mg/kg环磷酰胺建立免疫抑制小鼠模型,给模型小鼠灌胃不同剂量的自制桑枝多糖,检测其免疫指标的变化情况。与正常对照组小鼠比较,模型对照组小鼠的脾脏指数、胸腺指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率与吞噬指数、淋巴细胞转化率、血清溶血素含量、溶血空斑形成数量均极显著降低(P0.01);与模型对照组(灌胃等体积8.5 g/L Na Cl溶液)小鼠比较,桑枝多糖高剂量[600 mg/(kg·d)]给药组小鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数以及高剂量、中剂量[400 mg/(kg·d)]给药组小鼠的腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率与吞噬指数、血清溶血素含量与溶血空斑形成数量均极显著提高(P0.01),中剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数以及高、中剂量组小鼠的淋巴细胞转化率均显著提高(P0.05)。试验结果表明,桑枝多糖能增强免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
18.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献