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1.
猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)是一种全球分布的α冠状病毒,能引起仔猪流行性腹泻,猪流行性腹泻一旦暴发会给养殖业带来巨大的经济损失。在病毒感染期间,Ⅰ型干扰素(typeⅠinterferon,IFN-Ⅰ)是先天性抗病毒反应的关键介质。大多数冠状病毒通过限制IFN的产生和IFN应答的激活而产生一些策略以规避IFN应答。然而,PEDV颉颃IFN抗病毒作用的分子机制尚未完全清楚。猪感染PEDV后,机体的先天免疫不能有效抵抗PEDV的侵害,PEDV通过限制或阻断IFN的功能和隐藏自身的病原体相关分子模式(pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMP)两种途径逃逸宿主先天免疫。在此过程中,PEDV的结构蛋白和非结构蛋白及一些蛋白酶起到了关键作用,核衣壳(nucleocapsid,N)蛋白能抑制IFN-Ⅰ的产生,协助病毒逃避机体的抗病毒天然免疫,木瓜样蛋白酶通过去泛素化酶活性阻断天然免疫信号通路,PEDV也可通过阻断双链核糖核酸(double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)诱导IFN-Ⅰ的产生,以逃避宿主的先天免疫。这些研究为深入了解IFN在PEDV致病过程中的作用及PEDV逃避IFN抗病毒的机制提供了理论依据,并有助于深入了解病毒与宿主先天性免疫之间的关系,同时也为PEDV的防治及PEDV疫苗的研发提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)是一种全球分布的α冠状病毒,能引起仔猪流行性腹泻,猪流行性腹泻一旦暴发会给养殖业带来巨大的经济损失。在病毒感染期间,Ⅰ型干扰素(type Ⅰ interferon,IFN-Ⅰ)是先天性抗病毒反应的关键介质。大多数冠状病毒通过限制IFN的产生和IFN应答的激活而产生一些策略以规避IFN应答。然而,PEDV颉颃IFN抗病毒作用的分子机制尚未完全清楚。猪感染PEDV后,机体的先天免疫不能有效抵抗PEDV的侵害,PEDV通过限制或阻断IFN的功能和隐藏自身的病原体相关分子模式(pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMP)两种途径逃逸宿主先天免疫。在此过程中,PEDV的结构蛋白和非结构蛋白及一些蛋白酶起到了关键作用,核衣壳(nucleocapsid,N)蛋白能抑制IFN-Ⅰ的产生,协助病毒逃避机体的抗病毒天然免疫,木瓜样蛋白酶通过去泛素化酶活性阻断天然免疫信号通路,PEDV也可通过阻断双链核糖核酸(double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)诱导IFN-Ⅰ的产生,以逃避宿主的先天免疫。这些研究为深入了解IFN在PEDV致病过程中的作用及PEDV逃避IFN抗病毒的机制提供了理论依据,并有助于深入了解病毒与宿主先天性免疫之间的关系,同时也为PEDV的防治及PEDV疫苗的研发提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
影响猪流行性腹泻病毒分离培养的因素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
<正>近些年养猪场备受仔猪腹泻的困扰,而猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)是引起腹泻的最主要病原之一。PEDV是冠状病毒科冠状病毒属成员,为有囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒,基因组全长约28 000 nt,编码4个结构蛋白(S、E、M和N)和3个非结构蛋白(ORF1a、ORF1b和ORF3)。其中S蛋白是PEDV最重要的结构蛋白,主要负责结合细胞受体,调节病毒感染,在病毒侵入宿主细胞、组织  相似文献   

4.
猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)是猪流行性腹泻(Porcine epidemic diarrhea, PED)的病原,PEDV可导致猪的急性腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。如今PEDV已成为引起猪腹泻最常见病原体之一,给我国养猪行业造成极大的经济损失。PEDV的四种结构蛋白在病毒结构、感染宿主、复制和组装过程中发挥着重要功能,同时在逃避宿主天然免疫方面也起着重要作用。阐述了PEDV四种结构蛋白Spike(S)蛋白、Membrane(M)蛋白、Nucleocapsid(N)蛋白、Envelope(E)蛋白在病毒感染中与宿主细胞的互作机制,为PEDV防控以及疫苗研发等提供理论研究基础。  相似文献   

5.
猪δ冠状病毒(PDCoV)是引起猪腹泻性疾病的猪肠道主要病毒之一。PDCoV致病机制相关的研究主要集中于入侵细胞、逃逸宿主细胞天然免疫应答、诱导宿主细胞凋亡,以及影响该病毒复制的其他分子机制。目前对其致病机制的了解较少,尚无有效防治该病毒的疫苗和药物。随着相关研究进一步深入,剖析PDCoV编码蛋白结构及其影响PDCoV复制的多种途径,探索影响PDCoV复制的miRNA及相关分子机制,或可为深入认识PDCoV致病机制及研制有效防治该病毒的疫苗和药物提供重要理论依据。此外,对不同冠状病毒之间致病机制的共性与特性进行比较研究,也将对冠状病毒的抗病毒药物或疫苗的研制具有重要意义。  相似文献   

6.
天然免疫系统在病毒感染早期识别和诱发抗病毒反应中发挥重要作用,宿主模式识别受体(PRRs,如RIG-I、Toll和NOD样等受体)识别病原微生物结构上保守组分病原相关分子模式(PAMPs),进而激活下游级联信号通路,诱导干扰素、细胞因子和促炎性因子等产生,激发抗病毒天然免疫。而病毒通过降解天然免疫信号通路分子或抑制其激活,从而抑制抗病毒应答。口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)通过多种蛋白抑制天然免疫,肖少波团队和杜以军团队鉴定了非结构蛋白Lpro和3Cpro,作为水解酶蛋白,抑制RIG-I通路分子的激活,并阐明其抑制天然免疫的机制;郑海学团队鉴定了结构蛋白VP3和非结构蛋白2B和3A等抑制干扰素产生。  相似文献   

7.
为进一步研究猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)感染细胞的机制,本研究利用病毒铺覆蛋白印迹技术(VOPBA)和质谱(MS)技术筛选细胞内与PEDV相互作用的蛋白,初步鉴定细胞内源性蛋白甘露糖-6-磷酸/胰岛素样生长因子II受体(M6P/IGF2R)为候选蛋白。结果证实M6P/IGF2R蛋白与PEDV S2蛋白相互作用且在细胞内存在共定位现象,过表达M6P/IGF2R能够促进PEDV增殖,干扰M6P/IGF2R能够抑制PEDV增殖。PEDV S2蛋白通过与宿主细胞M6P/IGF2R蛋白互作促进PEDV侵入细胞,该结论为进一步开展PEDV与宿主细胞蛋白相互作用机制研究提供了重要理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
近年来,猪流行性腹泻(porcine epidemic diarrhea, PED)给我国畜牧业造成了严重的经济损失。随着人们对猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)研究的深入,其致病机制也逐渐被揭晓,即PEDV进入宿主体内通过抑制干扰素的表达和诱导小肠细胞凋亡等机制对宿主产生严重影响。文章综述了PEDV蛋白组成及其对肠黏膜屏障和细胞影响的分子机制,以期为PED科学防控提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
轮状病毒是导致许多哺乳动物严重腹泻的主要病原,它的入侵会导致宿主细胞抗病毒状态的建立,如病毒核酸与RIG-Ⅰ、MDA5、LGP2、dsRNA依赖的蛋白激酶及NLR炎症小体作用,导致IFN的分泌和细胞焦亡等;非结构蛋白NSP4会激活NF-κB信号通路。但轮状病毒也进化出多种策略来对抗宿主的天然免疫,其中以非结构蛋白1(NSP1)研究较多,NSP1可抑制STAT-Y701磷酸化,降解干扰素调节因子、MAVS和β-TrCP等,进而阻止IFN-β和NF-κB信号通路的激活;VP3降解MAVS,拮抗OAS/RNase L通路激活阻止宿主细胞对病毒RNA的应答;VP2、NSP2、NSP3也发挥了一定拮抗天然免疫的作用。论文主要对轮状病毒各蛋白调控宿主天然免疫的机制进行综述,以期为轮状病毒感染防控、新型疫苗研制等提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)是一类长度>200 nt的非编码RNA,在多种生物学过程中发挥重要调控作用。近年来研究表明,lncRNAs可被病毒诱导表达,其作为一类新型的调控因子介导宿主与病毒相互作用,通过病原识别受体,以不同机制激活或抑制天然免疫应答反馈病毒感染。本文阐述了lncRNAs介导病毒与宿主相互作用中的调控机制,归纳了它们在宿主抗病毒天然免疫应答过程中的调控网络,以期为研究lncRNAs在抗病毒中的作用提供参考,为揭示病毒的致病机制和发现新的抗病毒靶标奠定基础。  相似文献   

11.
轮状病毒(RV)是引起婴幼儿、幼畜禽急性肠胃炎的人畜共患病原,常与其他病原体混合感染,多以呕吐,严重水样腹泻,脱水为临床症状,感染后具有较高病死率,对人类公共卫生以及养殖业造成极大危害。RV病原相关分子模式(PAMP)可被肠上皮细胞(IECs)中一组可遗传的模式识别受体(PRR)识别,通过IECs、先天免疫细胞与RV互作,激活细胞内信号级联,从而迅速诱导炎症和多种抗病毒基因表达。论文就轮状病毒特性、肠道先天免疫等方面进行综述,探讨RV感染宿主IECs后诱导不同抗病毒信号通路,为利用先天免疫途径预防轮状病毒感染提供了一定的参考。  相似文献   

12.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a contagious acute gastrointestinal infection, which has brought great economic losses to the pig industry in recent years.The article reviewed advances in molecular biology, methods of detection, genetic variation and vaccine development to provide references for further study in preventing porcine epidemic diarrhea.  相似文献   

13.
猪流行性腹泻病毒研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
猪流行性腹泻病毒是引起猪腹泻的重要病原体之一,广泛流行于世界各地,造成了重大的经济损失。文章阐述了猪流行性腹泻病毒的分子生物学特点,概括了病毒的检测方法,并对近年来流行病学及疫苗的研发情况进行了综述,以期对猪流行性腹泻病毒研究提供帮助。  相似文献   

14.
The interaction of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD virus) with its host has several unique features, most notably the capacity to infect its host either transiently or persistently. The transient infection stimulates an antiviral immune reaction similar to that seen in other transient viral infections. In contrast, being associated with immunotolerance specific for the infecting BVD viral strain, the persistent infection differs fundamentally from other persistent infections like those caused by lentiviruses. Whereas the latter are characterized by complex viral evasion of the host's adaptive immune response by mechanisms such as antigenic drift and interference with presentation of T cell epitopes, BVD virus avoids the immune response altogether by inducing both humoral and cellular immune tolerance. This is made possible by invasion of the fetus at an early stage of development. In addition to adaptive immunity, BVD virus also manipulates key elements of the host's innate immune response. The non-cytopathic biotype of BVD virus, which is capable of persistently infecting its host, fails to induce type I interferon. In addition, persistently infected cells are resistant to the induction of apoptosis by double-stranded RNA and do not produce interferon when treated with this pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that signals viral infection. Moreover, when treated with interferon, cells persistently infected with non-cytopathic BVD virus do not clear the virus. Surprisingly, however, despite this lack of effect on persistent infection, interferon readily induces an antiviral state in these cells, as shown by the protection against infection by unrelated viruses. Overall, BVD virus manipulates the host's interferon defense in a manner that optimises its chances of maintaining the persistent infection as well as decreasing the risks that heterologous viral infections may carry for the host. Thus, since not all potential host cells are infected in animals persistently infected with BVD virus, heterologous viruses replicating in cells uninfected with BVD virus will still trigger production of interferon. Interferon produced by such cells will curtail the replication of heterologous viruses only, be that in cells already infected with BVD virus, or in cells in which the heterologous virus may replicate alone. From an evolutionary viewpoint, this strategy clearly enhances the chances of transmission of BVD virus to new hosts, as it attenuates the negative effects that a global immunosuppression would have on the survival of persistently infected animals.  相似文献   

15.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine group A rotavirus (PGAR) are the main causative agents of acute diarrhea in piglets. In South Korea, PGAR is prevalent in piglets naturally infected with PEDV. Piglets naturally co-infected with PEDV and PGAR appeared to have severe and prolonged diarrhea that was distinct from that commonly observed. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of PGAR co-infection on PEDV pathogenicity in piglets. Thirty-six colostrum-deprived, one-day old, Large White-Duroc crossbred pigs were randomly divided into four equal groups: PEDV, PEDV/PGAR, PGAR, and control groups. The piglets were euthanized at 1, 2, or 3 days post-inoculation (DPI) to measure the villous height:crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio and to collect fecal samples for RT-PCR and virus isolation. No significant differences in mean VH:CD ratio and clinical symptoms (diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and anorexia) were observed between the PEDV/PGAR-infected and PEDV-infected groups of piglets at 1, 2 and 3 DPI; however, at 2 and 3 DPI, PGAR was detected in all fecal samples by RT-PCR and virus isolation. These findings failed to detect any interaction between PEDV and porcine rotavirus in the small intestines of piglets, suggesting that concurrent infection of PGAR may not synergistically enhance intestinal villous atrophy of piglets with PEDV disease. We propose that the severe diarrhea exhibited in PEDV and PGAR co-infected piglets may be more associated with the immunity level of the host rather than to any synergistic effect of PGAR on PEDV enteritis.  相似文献   

16.
To investigate the epidemic situation of viral diarrhea in East China in recent years, and provide epidemiological survey data for comprehensive prevention, 549 fecal samples were collected in 2017-2019 from diarrhea pigs in 5 cities of East China and RT-PCR were used to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine rotavirus (PoRV), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and porcine Sapelovirus (PSV), and statistical analysis of its positive rate and mixed infection was performed.The results showed that during 2017 and 2019, PEDV,PDCoV,PoRV,TGEV and PSV positive rate were 62.6% (372/594),27.9% (166/594),16.8% (100/594),13.3% (79/594), and 3.87% (23/594), respectively.In the double mixed infection, the average mixed infection rate of PEDV + PDCoV and PEDV + PoRV were the main ones, which were 22.4% (133/594) and 13.3% (79/594), respectively. Among the triple infections, the mixed infection rate of PEDV + PoRV + PDCoV was dominated by 7.58% (45/594), and there were no mixed infections of four and five pathogens. The highest positive detection rate of PEDV was during 2017 and 2019, and mixed infection with PoRV and PDCoV, which was currently the focus of prevention and control of viral diarrhea in East China. TGEV and PDCoV accounted for a large proportion of the detection rate of healthy fattening pigs and sows, indicating that recessive infections had become common and deserve attention from farmers. In addition, the detection rate of PSV was more lower than the other four diarrhea viruses. On the whole, since August 2018 that the farms strengthened biosecurity prevention and control measures, the detection rate of various pathogens and the detection rate of sites have shown a downward trend year by year.  相似文献   

17.
2017—2019年华东地区猪场主要病毒性腹泻病原调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本研究旨在了解当前我国华东地区引起猪腹泻的主要病毒性腹泻病原的流行情况,为该地区更好地开展猪腹泻病毒的防控工作提供临床数据。分别采用RT-PCR检测方法对2017—2019年华东地区35个场别594份临床样品检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)、猪轮状病毒(porcine rotavirus,PoRV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine,TGEV)、猪丁型冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)和猪萨佩罗病毒(porcine Sapelovirus,PSV)等5种猪的病毒性腹泻病原,并对其阳性率及混合感染情况进行统计分析。结果显示,2017—2019年的PEDV、PDCoV、PoRV、TGEV及PSV的平均阳性率为分别为62.6%(372/594)、27.9%(166/594)、16.8%(100/594)、13.3%(79/594)及3.87%(23/594),二重混合感染中以PEDV+PDCoV及PEDV+PoRV为主,平均混合感染率分别为22.4%(133/594)和13.3%(79/594)。三重感染中以PEDV+PoRV+PDCoV混合感染为主,感染率为7.58%(45/594),未见四重及五重病原混合感染。2017—2019年PEDV平均阳性检出率最高,且常与PoRV及PDCoV发生混合感染,是当前华东地区猪病毒性腹泻类疫病的防控重点。TGEV和PDCoV在健康育肥猪及母猪的检出率中占比较大,表明隐性感染变得普遍,值得养殖户关注。除此之外,PSV的检出率远低于其他4种腹泻病毒。总之,随着2018年后养殖场加强生物安全防控措施和猪群管理,各病原检出率和阳性场检出率呈现逐年下降趋势。  相似文献   

18.
猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)是高度接触性肠道传染病猪流行性腹泻(PED)的病原,是有囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒,基因组全长约28 kb。2010年以来,PEDV G2型高致病性毒株不断发生变异,给全国乃至全球的养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。反向遗传学系统,即构建RNA病毒的全长感染性克隆。近年来,PEDV主要基于靶向RNA重组、BAC系统和体外连接3种方法来建立全长感染性cDNA克隆。文章简述了反向遗传学的原理和方法。靶向RNA重组利用冠状病毒RNA的高同源重组的特点来实现病毒的拯救;BAC系统利用pBeloBAC11载体克服PEDV基因组中含有的毒性序列所导致的cDNA在高拷贝质粒中不稳定的困难;体外连接技术主要利用PEDV基因组本身存在的限制性内切酶的酶切位点或通过改造的酶切位点在体外将病毒分片段地连接成全长的cDNA克隆。另外,文章还总结了近年来基于反向遗传学技术的PEDV相关的研究进展。PEDV反向遗传学是研究PEDV病毒基因组结构功能及设计减毒活疫苗的有效工具,利用反向遗传学技术探究S基因等毒力相关基因,探究其突变或缺失对病毒致病机制的影响,揭示PEDV毒力衰减的分子机制,有望设计出具有良好免疫原性且避免毒株返毒和重组减毒活疫苗。总之,PEDV反向遗传学是研究PEDV基因组结构及功能、病毒宿主相互作用及致病机制的一种重要方法,同时也是设计PEDV减毒活疫苗一种合理有效的途径。  相似文献   

19.
猪流行性腹泻(porcine epidemic diarrhea,PED)是危害养猪业健康发展的重要疾病之一,具有急性、高度传染性的特征,给养猪业造成了严重的经济损失。猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)感染会破坏动物机体的消化系统,造成患病猪食欲下降、呕吐以及严重腹泻等,且药物治愈后的仔猪也会因为生长发育不良等因素严重影响生产,给养殖户带来巨大的困扰。2010年PEDV高致病变异毒株在中国暴发流行,导致PED的发病率和死亡率大幅升高,严重影响中国养猪生产。此次PED的暴发流行引起了养猪行业的密切关注,相关研究领域的学者对PEDV致病机制和PED新型疫苗进行了更加深入的研究,亚单位疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗、细菌活载体疫苗、转基因植物疫苗和核酸疫苗5种PED新型疫苗相继被开发,并取得全新的突破和进展。与传统的PED灭活苗和PED弱毒疫苗相比,PED新型基因工程疫苗具有安全性好、制备简单、免疫效果好等优点。文章着重对PEDV发病机理和5种PED新型疫苗的研究进展展开综述,从而加深对PEDV和PED新型疫苗的了解,以期为PEDV感染的预防和控制措施提供参考。  相似文献   

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