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1.
氧氟沙星在乌骨鸡体内残留消除规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用高效液相色谱法分析氧氟沙星在乌骨鸡体内各组织中的残留消除规律。荧光检测器的激发波长为280nm,发射波长为450Dill。色谱柱为ttypersilODS—C18,柱温40~C,以磷酸（以三乙胺调pH至2．5）-乙腈（82：18）为流动相,流速1．0mL／min,进样量为20肛L。氧氟沙星在乌骨鸡肌肉、肝脏、。肾脏中的平均回收率分别为86．3％、83．2％、82．5％。检测限为10ng／g。当组织中氧氟沙星浓度在10～2000ug／kg范围时,线性关系良好。利用该方法对氧氟沙星在乌骨鸡体内的残留消除规律进行了研究,结果表明,氧氟沙星在鸟骨鸡体内的残留消除速度极为缓慢。40天休药期后,2日龄使用组可在肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中分别检出氧氟沙星146．8“g／kg、20．6“g／kg和437．4μg／kg;28日龄使用组分别检测出193．5ug／kg、45．0μg／kg和425．5μg／kg。2日龄使用组休药78天时（即停药71天）,肌肉和肝脏中还能分别检出氧氟沙星11．2μg／kg和12．0μg／kg。实验表明乌骨鸡使用氧氟沙星仅适用于10日龄以下给药并休药70天以上,或不给予该类药物。 相似文献
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莫能菌素和盐霉素在鸡组织中的残留分析方法研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文报道用高效液相色谱柱后衍生化检测肉鸡肌肉、肝脏和脂肪组织中莫能菌素和盐霉素的残留。肉鸡肌肉、肝脏和脂肪组织经异辛烷提取,用硅胶柱净化分离,洗脱液浓缩后用甲醇／水溶解。以甲醇／冰乙酸／水（943／30／30,v/v）作为流动相,香草醛为衍生剂,用RP－C18柱在可见波长520nm处检测。将莫能茵素和盐霉素分别以0．10,0．20,0．40和0．20,0．40,0．800644g/g分别添加到空白肉鸡组织中,测得莫能菌素和盐霉素在肌肉、肝脏和脂肪组织中的平均回收率分别为97．7％、91．1％、92．1％和94．1％、85．4％、90．7％,变异系数范围在2．7％－16．8％之间。用该方法测定肉鸡组织中莫能菌素和盐霉素残留的最低检测限分别为0．05μg/g0．1μg/g。 相似文献
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盐酸沙拉沙星在肉鸡组织中的残留 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
建立了肉鸡组织中盐酸沙拉少星的HPLC测定方法，并测定了肉鸡单次内服（每1kg体重10mg)和连续5d混饮（每1L饮水50mg）给药后组织中的沙拉沙星残留特征。组织样品用乙腈-氨水匀浆，离心后取上清液用正已烷-乙醚除脂，水相用磷酸酸化后作HPLC检测。色谱柱为Hypersil C18柱，此外检测波长280nm。流动相为乙腈-2%西丁基溴化铵（体积比10：90），用磷酸调pH值至2.5。肝脏、肾脏、肌肉中沙拉沙星的检测限为0.05μg/g，组织样品回收率均大于90%。鸡单次内服盐酸沙拉沙星后，24h内各组织中均可检出药物，48h后肝脏、肾脏、肌肉中药物残留量均低于0.05μg/g；混饮停药后，6h内肝脏、肾脏中可检出残留药物，12h后3种组织中残留量均低于0.05μg/g。结果表明，盐酸沙拉沙星的肉鸡组织中消除迅速，连续治疗剂量用药后组织中无药物蓄积。 相似文献
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鸡组织中硫酸粘杆菌素残留的微生物学检测方法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在国内首次以支气管炎博代特氏菌（Bordetella bronchiseptica）ATCC4617作为检测菌株，用PBS提取鸡肌肉组织，用5％硫酸提取鸡肝脏和肾脏组织中的硫酸粘杆菌素，应用一剂量法设计原理制备肌肉、肝脏和肾脏组织标准曲线。硫酸粘杆菌素检测限肌肉组织为0．15μg／g，肝脏和肾脏组织均为0．20μg／g，低于我国农业部和欧盟规定的粘杆菌素最高残留限量。肌肉、肝脏和肾脏组织标准曲线在0．025—6．4μg／mL范围内线性关系良好，r分别为0．9970、0．9994、0．9990，n=9。以高、低（300mg／L、60mg／L按效价计）两个剂量给鸡饮水给药，肌肉高、低剂量组均未检测出硫酸粘杆菌素残留，肝脏和肾脏低剂量组未检测出硫酸粘杆菌素残留，高剂量组0h有微量残留。 相似文献
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达氟沙星(Danofloxacin)在鸡体内的组织残留 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
建立了坞组织中达氟沙星(Danonoxacin)的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定方法，并测定了鸡单次内服(每千克体重5mg)给药后组织中的达氟沙星残留特征。组织样品用含0．015mol／L H3PO4和0．015mol／L HClO4的水-甲醇(50:50)提取，50℃水浴酸性水解90min，离心后取上清液作HPLC检测。色谱枉为Hypersil BDSC18柱；荧光检测器检测，激发波长280nm，发射波长440nm；流动相为含0．015mol／L四丁基溴化铵的水-乙腈(905:95，组织检测时为915：85)混合物，85％磷酸调pH为3．0。血浆、肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、肌肉中达氟沙星的检测限为0．02mg／L或0．02Pg／g，血浆样品回收率大于90％，组织样品回收率均大于74％。鸡单次内服甲磺酸达氟沙星后，在60h内各组奴中均可检出药物，但在48h所有组织中药物残留量均低于相应的MRLs(最高残留限量)。结果表明，达氟沙星在鸡组织中消除相对较慢。 相似文献
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抗莫能菌素多克隆抗体检测鸡组织中莫能菌素残留的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文用自制的抗莫能菌素多克隆抗体检测肉鸡肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和脂肪组织中莫能菌素的残留。将莫能菌素以30．0、60．0、120．0μg／kg分别添加到经处理的各空白组织中，用竞争ELISA法测得莫能菌素在肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和脂肪组织中的回收率为78．7％～104．3％，变异系数为4．2％～18．0％，检测极限为5．0～8．51μg／kg。 相似文献
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液相色谱-串联质谱法研究地克珠利在家兔组织中残留及消除规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]建立一种检测家兔组织中地克珠利含量的液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC—MS／MS）,研究地克珠利在家兔组织中的残留及消除规律。[方法]选择48只家兔（雌雄各半）,在饲料中加入10g／1000kg地克珠利混饲,连续饲喂30d。分别于休药后的第0、1、2、3、4、5、6天,每个时间点随机处死6只家兔（雌雄各半）,取肌肉、肝脏、肾脏组织,DMF,乙腈沉淀法提取并用LC—MS,MS法检测地克珠利残留量。[结果]地克珠利在肾脏中的残留量最高（休药0d为912．6μg／kg）,肝脏次之（休药0d为156．μg／kg）,肌肉最低（休药0d为43．1μg／kg）,在肾脏中的消除速度最快。[结论]该方法适于检测家免组织中的地克珠利含量。休药0d即可满足欧盟要求 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究阿莫西林在鸡组织中残留消除规律。鸡组织样品经磷酸二氢钠溶液提取,乙腈去蛋白,正己烷去脂肪,饱和二氯甲烷萃取,上清液经水杨醛在酸性条件下沸水浴衍生化后,在激发波长358nm、发射波长440nm处用高效液相色谱荧光检测器检测。该方法测定鸡组织中阿莫西林的检测限为5μg/kg、定量限为13μg/kg。阿莫西林在鸡组织样品中平均回收率为73.64%~88.82%,相对标准差为6.21%~9.63%。各试验组京海黄鸡分别按体质量以30、60mg/kg剂量内服阿莫西林,每天1次,连续给药7d,休药4h后(零休药期)各组织中阿莫西林残留量最高,休药第3天各组织中阿莫西林残留量均迅速降低;休药后第5天阿莫西林残留量低于最高残留限量(50μg/kg);休药第9天所有组织中阿莫西林残留量均低于检测限;休药后相同时间点鸡肌肉中药物残留量最低,肝脏中的药物残留量最高;阿莫西林在鸡肾脏中残留比鸡肌肉、肝脏消除缓慢且消除时间长;阿莫西林在鸡组织中的残留量与给药剂量呈正相关。根据WT1.4软件计算所得,建议黄羽肉鸡按体质量以30、60mg/kg剂量给药,每天1次,连续7d后,其休药期(WT)分别为3、4d。 相似文献
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研究脱氢乙酸钠作为饲料防霉剂在鸡组织中的残留消除,为其在鸡组织中的残留监控及休药期的制定提供理论依据。黄羽肉鸡连续饲喂200 mg/kg脱氢乙酸钠30 d后,于不同时间分别取肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和皮脂样品,采用反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法测定样品中脱氢乙酸钠含量。休药1 d时,鸡肾脏、肝脏、肌肉和皮脂中脱氢乙酸钠残留量分别为0.68、0.59、0.34和0.20 mg/kg。随着休药时间延长,各组织中脱氢乙酯钠的残留量逐渐降低,脱氢乙酸钠在肉鸡各组织中的残留水平依次为肾脏、肝脏、肌肉和皮脂。在组织中的残留消除半衰期分别为肾脏5.86 d、肝脏6.02 d、肌肉8.88 d及皮脂为10.38 d。若以0.2 mg/kg为临时最大残留限量(MRLs),则脱氢乙酸钠在鸡不同组织中的休药期分别为肾脏12.37d、肌肉9.37 d、肝脏9.18 d、皮脂4.16 d。得出结论:200 mg/kg脱氢乙酸钠拌料饲喂肉鸡30 d,在肉鸡各组织中的残留水平较低,均低于0.7 mg/kg;残留消除相对较快。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
18.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献