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1.
本研究以500份东北春播区糜子资源为材料,利用169个SSR标记,采用UPGMA聚类分组,进行分层抽样,构建核心种质,同时应用ID Analysis 4.0软件构建分子身份证。利用等位基因数(Na)等遗传多样性衡量指标评估核心种质的遗传差异,并利用PCOA分析核心种质。结果表明,对169对SSR引物进行筛选,发现30对多态性好,利用30对SSR引物构建的糜子核心种质包含190份材料,占全部种质的38%,全部种质与核心种质的均检测出91个等位变异,保留了100%等位基因;有效等位基因数为2.2977～2.9975和2.2872～3.0173,平均值分别为2.8198和2.8297;Shannon多样性指数为0.9532～1.0990和0.9535～1.1162,平均值为1.0645和1.0667;观测杂合度为0.3434～0.8037和0.3162～0.7849,平均值为0.5399和0.5359;期望杂合度为0.5654～0.6672和0.5645～0.6707,平均值为0.6448和0.6473;Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.5648～0.6664和0.5628～0.6686,平均值...  相似文献   

2.
为给薰衣草育种研究提供科学依据,本研究采用SRAP分子标记技术对65份薰衣草种质资源遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行评价,结果表明11对多态性引物共扩增出192个条带,其中多态性条带182个,多态性比率为94.79%。65份薰衣草的遗传相似系数范围为0.510 4～0.885 4,平均值为0.650 2;遗传距离范围为0.121 7～0.693 1,平均值为0.337 3;等位基因数(Na)为1.963 5,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.555 6,Nei's基因多样性指数(He)为0.320 3,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.479 3。聚类分析把供试材料分为4个类群:第Ⅰ类群包括35份、第Ⅱ类群包括1份、第Ⅲ类群包括1份和第Ⅳ类群包括28份种质。本研究表明新疆薰衣草种质资源的遗传背景相对狭窄,为了创制优异的薰衣草新品种,需要引入更多亲缘关系较远的薰衣草种质资源。  相似文献   

3.
新疆春小麦种质资源主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了解新疆春小麦种质资源的遗传多样性,提高本地区小麦种质资源利用效率,本研究以210份新疆春小麦种质资源为材料对其主要农艺性状进行了多样性分析。结果表明:新疆春小麦种质资源遗传多样性丰富,平均遗传多样性指数1.993 8;9个性状中千粒重的遗传多样性最高,生育期的遗传多样性最低;将新疆不同年代审定或育成春小麦品种(系)划分为三个类群进行遗传多样性分析,2006至2010年选育的品种(系)遗传多样性最高,2011至2015年选育的品种(系)遗传多样性最低。采用聚类分析方法,将210份材料分为5大类群,第Ⅰ类群的材料综合性状表现最好,可以作为新疆春小麦新品种选育和品种改良的优异亲本。  相似文献   

4.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(15):5180-5188
为了探讨黄秋葵种质资源间的遗传关系,本研究利用引物结合位点扩增(inter-primer binding site,i PBS)标记对34份秋葵种质进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。结果显示,12条i PBS引物共扩增出122条谱带,其中多态性谱带105条,多态性比率为80.45%。运用Pop Gene 32软件计算得到34份种质资源的有效等位基因数(Ne)范围为1.650 9～1.989 9,平均值为1.907 4;Nei's基因指数(H)范围为0.394 3～0.497 5,平均值为0.474 6;Shannon's信息指数(I)范围为0.583 3～0.690 6,平均值为0.667 3;采用NTsys 2.10e软件计算得到34份秋葵种质间的遗传相似系数在0.393 6～0.952 4之间;这些参数表明黄秋葵具有丰富的遗传多样性,且遗传变异水平较高。基于非加权组平均法(UPGMA)聚类结果表明,以遗传相似系数0.76为阈值,可将34份黄秋葵种质材料划分为6个组(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ和Ⅵ),其中,在遗传相似系数大概为0.78处,Ⅱ类又可分为4个亚类有20份种质;各种质之间的亲缘关系与地理来源有一定的相关性,但不完全一致,材料间存在交叉现象。研究结果表明,i PBS技术可用于黄秋葵种质的鉴别以及遗传多态性的研究。本研究为黄秋葵资源的有效利用、遗传育种中亲本组合选配提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
中亚引进春小麦种质资源主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  
为了解中亚引进春小麦种质资源的遗传多样性,提高该地区小麦种质资源利用效率,以来源于吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和哈萨克斯坦的128份春小麦种质资源为材料,对其主要农艺性状进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:中亚春小麦种质资源遗传多样性丰富,平均遗传多样性指数1.9922;9个性状中千粒重的遗传多样性最高,不育小穗数的最低;来源于吉尔吉斯斯坦的材料遗传多样性指数最高,而来源于哈萨克斯坦的材料遗传多样性指数最低。采用聚类分析方法,将128份材料分为6大类群,聚类结果与地理来源表现出较高的一致性,第Ⅰ类群主要来源于吉尔吉斯斯坦,综合性状表现最好。  相似文献   

6.
明确花生种质资源的遗传多样性和分布规律,对于发掘优良种质资源,选配优良亲本,拓宽育成品种的遗传基础具有重要意义。核心种质为种质资源的研究、评价和鉴定带来了方便。本研究从206对SSR引物中筛选26对引物对我国花生小核心种质和ICRISAT微核心种质共466份资源进行了遗传多样性分析,相似系数为0.49～0.99,鉴定出遗传差异最大的种质L2刚果(中国花生资源)与ICG12625(ICRISAT资源),相似系数为0.49。分析结果表明,多粒型花生的多态性信息量(0.761)和遗传多样性指数(0.97～1.11)均最大(平均相似系数最小,0.73～0.76),其次是普通型花生。中国花生种质资源与ICRISAT资源存在较大差异,尤其是ICRISAT的赤道型材料ICG12625,与中国花生资源的差异最大。相似系数和遗传多样性指数的分析结果均表明,我国花生种质资源的遗传多样性比ICRISAT资源丰富。  相似文献   

7.
地方茶树种质资源在种质创新和品种保护中有着至关重要的地位。本研究以贵州低热河谷地带采集而来的1 754份地方茶树种质资源为材料，对其树型、树姿、生长势、叶片大小、叶形、叶色、叶光泽度、叶面隆起性等18个表型性状进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：1 754份茶树种质资源的树型覆盖灌木、小乔木和乔木3种树型，其中灌木占比最高(85.6%)，小乔木为12.54%，占比最少的是乔木(1.88%);18个表型性状均存在不同程度的变异，平均变异系数为27.63%，其中变异系数最大的为叶身(47.73%)，变异系数最小的是叶片厚度(8.92%);18个表型性状遗传多样性指数在0.16～1.10之间，平均值为0.71，其中叶色的遗传多样性指数最大(1.10)，叶片厚度遗传多样性最低(0.16)；基于18个表型性状进行遗传聚类分析：1 754份茶树资源在欧氏距离为16时聚为5类。本研究在调查这些地方茶树表型性状的基础上，对其进行形态特征的系统鉴定以及遗传多样性分析，初步探索贵州地方茶树种质资源的遗传多样性，旨在为贵州境内茶树种质资源的创新及利用提供理论参考。  相似文献   

8.
解析地方晒烟种质资源的遗传背景,为晒烟种质的高效利用提供依据。本研究筛选多态性丰富的14对SRAP引物组合,对贵州省内广泛地理来源的136份地方性晒烟资源进行遗传多样性分析,根据Model-base和NJ聚类进行遗传结构分析。结果表明:参试材料具有较高的遗传多样性,共扩增出250个稳定的多态性位点,多态性位点比率为97.6%,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.22,Nei's基因多样性指数(H)为0.15,Shannon's信息指数(I)为0.26,材料间平均遗传距离为0.778,多数材料间亲缘关系较远。Model-base遗传结构分析和NJ聚类结果一致,将总材料划分为三大亚群,亚群Ⅰ包含46份资源,亚群Ⅱ包含47份资源,亚群Ⅲ包含43份资源,划分结果与材料的地理来源关系不大,三个亚群多样性依次为:亚群Ⅱ亚群Ⅰ亚群Ⅲ。  相似文献   

9.
安徽省新收集野生大豆种质资源的SSR分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
该研究以24份2006年安徽省新收集的野生大豆种质资源为试验材料,利用60对SSR引物进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,54对SSR引物扩增出237条多态性带,SSR的遗传多样性指数分布范围,Simpson指数为0.4063-0.8835,平均值0.7203;Shannon-weaver指数为0.6191-2.1662,平均值1.4574。聚类分析将安徽省野生大豆资源分为两大类群,包括江淮丘陵野生大豆类群以及淮北、沿江、皖西和皖南混合类群。  相似文献   

10.
为揭示湖南省油菜种质资源库中核心种质的遗传多样性,本研究利用油菜组60K基因芯片对266份甘蓝型油菜品系及其10份近缘种品系10份进行全基因组SNP位点分析,原始数据通过Visual Basic软件筛选,利用Powermarker软件计算SNP位点PIC值和供试材料的遗传距离、聚类分析。结果表明：根据SNP标记缺失率和染色体分布均匀度共筛选到24 593个SNP位点,平均每条染色体分布1 294个多态性位点,位点的Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)、主要等位基因频率(MAF)和多态性信息含量(PIC)平均值分别为0.401、0.688 3、0.316;276份供试材料间遗传距离在0.000 1～0.477之间,平均为0.329 6,Kinship值为0的占71.49%;供试材料可分成5个大类,其中最大类(含有250份种质)又可分为9个亚类,供试材料的类群分布与种质类型、地理来源一致。研究结果表明供试育种亲本种质遗传多样性丰富,可更客观反映供试材料的亲缘关系,为种质资源的育种利用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

11.
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.  相似文献   

12.
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.  相似文献   

13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.  相似文献   

14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.  相似文献   

15.
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...  相似文献   

16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
P. A. York  R. Cook 《Euphytica》1989,43(1-2):135-141
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.  相似文献   

18.
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.  相似文献   

20.
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...  相似文献   

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