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1.
贡柑黑腐病是近年来在贡柑上发生的一种新型病害,该病害可导致嫩梢快速枯死,大量嫩叶脱落,严重影响树势和产量。本研究从病区采集发病枝叶,对贡柑黑腐病病原菌进行分离、纯化,并采用rDNA-ITS序列分析技术对其进行分子鉴定。结果表明,贡柑黑腐病病原菌为链格孢属（Alternaria Nees）真菌,rDNA-ITS序列与GenBank中芸薹链格孢菌(Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc.)和柑桔链格孢菌(Alternaria citri Ellis & Everhart)的ITS序列的同源性为99%。结合形态学特征,推断该病原菌为柑桔链格孢菌。 相似文献
2.
为了确定直立黄芪中是否存在能产生苦马豆素的真菌及该类真菌与链格孢属波状芽管孢组疯草内生真菌的遗传进化关系,对直立黄芪植物组织中的真菌进行了分离,应用ɑ-甘露糖苷酶抑制法和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对分离菌株菌丝中的苦马豆素进行分析,筛选能够产生苦马豆素的菌株。PCR法扩增产苦马豆素真菌的内部转录间隔区(ITS)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPD)和β-酮脂酰合酶(β-ketoacyl synthase,KS)基因,测定其序列,进行序列一致性比对。基于ITS和GPD序列构建系统发育树,根据遗传进化分析结果和形态特征,对直立黄芪中的产苦马豆素真菌进行种属分类和命名。结果显示:从直立黄芪中共分离到43株真菌,其中有13株菌丝中含有苦马豆素,序列一致性和系统发育分析结果表明,该类真菌与已报道的直立黄芪病原真菌甘肃链格孢(Alternaria gansuense)和产苦马豆素疯草内生真菌(Alternaria Section Undifilum sp.)的亲缘关系最近。直立黄芪中存在能产生苦马豆素的真菌,根据形态特点和遗传进化分析结果,本研究将从直立黄芪中分离的产苦马豆素真菌划分到链格孢属波状芽管孢组中,并命名为甘肃波状芽管孢(Alternaria Section Undifilum gansuense)。 相似文献
3.
郑州地区冷季型草坪草根腐病病原鉴定 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
通过对郑州地区冷季型草坪草根腐病病原物分离鉴定发现,主要病原物有镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)、链格孢菌(Alternaria spp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)、德氏霉菌(Drechslera spp.)、弯孢菌(Curvularia spp.)和腐霉菌(Pythium spp.)6大类。其中,茄腐镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)(AG-4)的分离频率最高,致病力比较强,为优势病原。 相似文献
4.
五种牧草及三种草坪草种子寄藏真菌检测初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用PDA平皿法和滤纸法检测了市售5个牧草品种和3个草坪草品种种子样品寄藏真菌的情况,并就分离获得的真菌对种子出苗及幼苗生长的影响进行了初步研究.结果表明,供试种子样品带菌率为0～70.5%,分离获得的35个真菌分离物大多属于镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)、链格孢菌(Alternaria spp.)、蠕孢菌(Helminthosporium spp.)、小核菌(Sclerotium sp.)、匍柄霉菌(Stemphylium spp.)和曲霉菌(Aspergillus spp.).供试样品中假俭草和波多马各(鸭茅)种子带菌率较高,在PDA平皿检测中其未经表面消毒处理的种子带菌率分别为48.4%和70.5%,表面消毒处理种子带菌率分别为40.8%和28.8%,分离获得的种子寄藏真菌对假俭草和波多马各种子出苗及幼苗生长的影响较小.圣地亚哥(南苜蓿)和菊苣种子带菌率较低,但分离获得的真菌对其种子出苗和幼苗生长的影响较大.以镰刀菌与匍柄霉菌接种过的南苜蓿种子出苗率分别比未经表面消毒且未接种真菌的对照低44.0%和21.7%,出苗后的病苗率分别为22.7%和29.7%;以链格孢菌与曲霉菌接种过的菊苣种子的出苗率分别比未经表面消毒且未接种真菌的对照低22.0%和27.5%,出苗后的病苗率分别为2.3%和29.3%. 相似文献
5.
本研究在贵州、广东、安徽和上海共16个县（市）的66个调查点位进行葡萄主要病害的调查。并对安徽、贵州和广东共9个县（市）的葡萄病样进行采集,对病原菌进行分离纯化后,分别用ITS序列对其进行分子鉴定。结果表明：广东、贵州、安徽、上海均有不同程度的葡萄霜霉病、炭疽病的发生。其中,贵州省主要葡萄病害为炭疽病、霜霉病和灰霉病,葡萄霜霉病危害严重,发病率为60.79%,炭疽病仅危害水晶葡萄,发病率为47.64%;广东省主要葡萄病害为溃疡病、炭疽病、白粉病和白腐病,其中溃疡病发生普遍,发病率为48.28%;安徽省葡萄病害有葡萄酸腐病、炭疽病、灰霉病、白腐病、黑曲霉病,其中酸腐病发生较为严重,发病率为53%,巢湖市“夏黑”品种中发病率高达97.0%;上海市调查发现葡萄酸腐病、炭疽病和黑曲霉病。此外,自广东、贵州与安徽省共分离得到114株真菌,分别鉴定属炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum spp.)、葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria spp.)、间座壳属 (Diaporthe spp.)和链格孢属 (Alternaria spp.)等共计15个属。通过调查,可为各省葡萄病害综合防控提供理论参考。 相似文献
6.
《动物医学进展》2020,(9)
为了探讨西藏藏沙蒿内生真菌种类与种群分布情况,对采集自西藏曲水的藏沙蒿样品表面消毒后进行内生真菌分离,并采用形态学和ITS序列分析技术对分离到的菌株进行种属鉴定,通过MEGA7.0软件进行系统进化分析。结果表明,藏沙蒿内存在丰富的内生真菌,从其根、茎、叶和花组织中共分离到48株真菌,总相对分离频率为85.42%。其中镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)在上述组织内均存在,分布最为广泛,而链格孢菌属(Alternaria sp.)在藏沙蒿植株内分离频率最高,是藏沙蒿内生真菌的优势菌属。研究结果可进一步丰富蒿属植物内生真菌的多样性,也为藏沙蒿内生真菌次生代谢产物的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
为探明毛序棘豆中内生真菌的种属及种群分布情况,对采集于甘肃省通渭县毛序棘豆样品,运用表面消毒法消毒样品后进行内生真菌分离,采用形态学和ITS序列分析技术对所得菌株进行种属鉴定,并通过MEGA5.05软件进行系统进化分析。结果显示,从毛序棘豆(根、茎、叶)中共分离得到内生真菌29株,经鉴定,分属于4纲、5目、6科、10属;其中茎的分离率(39.13%)最高,根(23.91%)次之,叶(11.11%)最少;而链格孢属(Alternaria sp.)和镰刀菌属(Fusariumsp.)是毛序棘豆内生真菌的优势菌属,其相对分离频率分别为27.59%和17.24%;木霉菌属(Trichodermasp.)为毛序棘豆内分布最广泛的菌属,在根、茎、叶中均有分布;将所得菌株作系统进化分析,并根据其亲缘关系远近分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两大种群。本试验结果表明,毛序棘豆内生真菌数量、种类与种属分布存在明显组织差异,茎是内生真菌侵染和定植的主要部位且真菌多样性最高。 相似文献
8.
植物内生真菌是一类具有开发潜力的新型微生物资源。为了从药用植物猫爪草中分离有生物活性的内生真菌,试验采用常规组织块分离法分离内生真菌,形态学及分子鉴定结合进行菌株分类,圆纸片法和对峙培养法检测抑菌活性。结果表明:从栽培猫爪草的根、茎、叶中分离纯化获得23株内生真菌,形态学初步鉴定为7个属;检测到有8株内生真菌对病原细菌金黄色葡萄球菌和病原真菌核盘菌、灰葡萄孢菌都有抑制作用。同属镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)的菌株R1、L6、L11,刺盘孢菌(Colletotrichum sp.)P2及链格孢菌(Alternaria sp.)L2菌株具有开发生物防治药物的潜力,值得进一步深入研究。 相似文献
9.
《畜牧兽医学报》2016,(8)
为探明瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)内生真菌的种类及其种属分布特点,进一步揭示瑞香狼毒内生真菌与毒性物质合成、化感作用以及抗逆性形成之间的相互关系,作者对采自4省5个地区瑞香狼毒的茎、叶、花部位进行内生真菌的分离和纯化,通过形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定种属。结果表明,瑞香狼毒中共分离到21株内生真菌,19株菌分属7纲8目9科8属,2株未鉴定种属,所有从瑞香狼毒分离到的内生真菌中链格孢属(Alternariasp.)8株,占总分离菌株的42%,为瑞香狼毒的优势菌株,除1株粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes sp.)和8株链格孢属(Alternariasp.)外,其余菌属均首次从瑞香狼毒中分离得到。 相似文献
10.
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
18.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献