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1.
塔里木荒漠豆科植物种子休眠原因与破除方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以塔里木荒漠区3种豆科植物种子为材料,采用不同破除豆科植物种子休眠的方法,研究不同方法对种子休眠的解除效应,探讨种子体眠原因并寻求打破种子体眠的最佳途径.结果表明:3种荒漠豆科植物种子属物理性种壳休眠,种皮障碍是限制种子萌发的主要因素.热水、赤霉素、过氧化氢、乙醇、氢氧化钠等化学处理均可破除种子休眠,但种子发芽率与清水对照无显著差异,处理效果不佳.机械破损种皮和浓硫酸处理均能有效打破种子休眠、显著提高发芽率.种子发芽率随硫酸浓度增加与处理时间延长而明显提高,80％以上浓度的H2SO4处理效果较好,其中以80％H2SO4处理90 min,90％ H2SO4处理50 min,98％ H2SO4处理30 min为最佳,种子发芽率超过98％.因此,利用小型机械和浓硫酸处理是破除荒漠豆科植物种皮休眠障碍的最佳方法,研究结果可为荒漠区人工种植与荒漠植被恢复提供科学依据. 相似文献
2.
以2种雀稗属牧草种子为材料,从种子的吸水性、浸提液活性的生物测定和GA3、ETH、IAA等外源激素浸泡处理等角度,研究2种雀稗属牧草种子休眠机理及破除方法.结果表明:1)2种雀稗属牧草种子生活力均达到92.2％以上,但发芽率较低.宽叶雀稗和巴哈雀稗的发芽率分别仅为59.3％和10.0％,都具有明显的休眠现象.2)2种雀稗属牧草种子的种皮均不限制种子吸水,但巴哈雀稗种子种皮对种子萌发有机械障碍.3)2种雀稗属牧草种子浸提液对白菜种子及自身萌发具有明显的抑制作用,说明2种雀稗属牧草种子内源抑制物含量较高.可知,宽叶雀稗种子休眠属于生理休眠,巴哈雀稗种子休眠属于综合休眠.4)GA3、IAA、ETH、H2SO4及复合处理对宽叶雀稗种子萌发均有不同程度的抑制作用.GA3、H2SO4及复合处理对巴哈雀稗种子萌发有促进作用.H2SO4处理5 min巴哈雀稗种子效果最佳,可提高发芽率35.3％. 相似文献
3.
鸢尾种子休眠与萌发特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鸢尾（Iris tectorum Maxim．）种子自然萌发缓慢，周期长，发芽率低。为了探索鸢尾种子的最适萌发温度和抑制发芽物质存在的原因，对鸢尾种子进行了3组处理：（1）去种皮与不去种皮种子做发芽对照实验；（2）去种皮的鸢尾种子置于培养箱发芽，每天加入胚乳浸提液、种皮浸提液和清水；（3）去皮种子置于不同温度的培养箱中发芽，其中4个恒温15、22、26、30℃；3个变温5／15、15,／25、20／30℃（8／16h）。结果表明：22℃是最适合鸢尾种子发芽的温度；种皮对鸢尾只在发芽早期有抑制作用，在后期无明显抑制作用；胚乳和种皮浸提液在种子萌发初期有抑制作用，但在发芽的中后期则对种子发芽有促进作用。 相似文献
4.
为探明紫椴种子休眠原因并找到休眠解除方法,以紫椴种子为材料,对其透性、萌发特性及休眠解除方法进行了研究。种子透性试验结果表明,紫椴种子经浓硫酸处理后透性增加,吸水率显著提高。种子萌发特性试验显示,紫椴完整种子萌发率为0,去掉种皮后,保留完整胚乳的种子萌发率为4.0%,切除部分胚乳（根尖未露出）的种子萌发率为23.3%,剥除胚乳帽露出根尖的种子萌发率为84.7%,离体胚萌发率为100%,此结果表明紫椴种子存在休眠,但其种胚并不存在休眠,其休眠是由胚外因素导致,胚乳（尤其是胚乳帽）是造成紫椴种子休眠的主要原因。种子休眠解除方法试验结果表明,浓H2SO4处理15 min+500 mg/L GA3溶液浸泡12 h+低温层积30天,可使紫椴种子发芽率达92.0%,可作为快速解除紫椴种子休眠的有效方法。综上,紫椴种子的种皮具有一定的透性障碍,但胚乳帽是造成其休眠的主要原因,使用浓H2SO4处理+GA3浸泡+低温层积的综合处理方法可在30天内解除紫椴种子的休眠。 相似文献
5.
6.
以新疆黑鳞顶冰花种子为实验对象,根据不同体眠机制选取10余种处理方法进行处理,以此比较其对顶冰花种子萌发的影响.研究结果显示:黑鳞顶冰花种子4℃时32 d左右开始萌发,萌发周期80 d左右,萌发率为72％;室温25℃和酸碱处理不适宜萌发;50℃温水、超声波和200 mg/L GA3处理均无显著性差异(p＞0.05);去除种皮极有效促进其萌发(p=0.002＜0.01),萌发率达到88％;刺破种皮+200 mg/LGA3和500 mg/L GA3+15％ H2O2处理也能有效促进萌发(p＜0.05),萌发率分别为84％、82％,前者发芽势最好,明显高于其他处理. 相似文献
7.
八角莲种子在自然条件下具有休眠期长、萌发不良的生理特性,为了探讨和研究八角莲种子的休眠特性,采用种子吸水性检测、种子切割培养、GA3浸种法、河沙层积处理等方法研究其萌发特性。结果表明：八角莲种子种皮和胚乳制约、种子生理后熟是引起种子休眠的主要原因,用400mg.L-1的GA3溶液浸种24h或6-7℃低温层积均能在一定程度上解除休眠促进萌发,其中以6-7℃低温层积150d效果较好,发芽率和发芽势分别达到88.5%和30.4%。 相似文献
8.
采用针刺、层积、双氧水（H2O2）法、硝酸钾（KNO3）法和赤霉素（GA3）法对酸浆种子进行处理,研究不同处理对酸浆种子萌发的影响。结果表明：低温层积40天可有效地打破酸浆种子的休眠;赤霉素处理是打破酸浆种子休眠最为快速有效的方法,解除酸浆种子休眠的最佳浓度为0.08%;而针刺法、KNO3法和H2O2法对酸浆种子的解除休眠作用并不明显。说明酸浆种子休眠的主要原因是胚存在后熟作用且种子内部可能存在萌发抑制物质,而种皮的机械束缚不是抑制酸浆种子萌发的原因。 相似文献
9.
西南鸢尾种子萌发特性初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以西南鸢尾种子为研究对象,从种皮透水性、不同光温条件下种子萌发率以及低温湿沙层积和赤霉素处理对打破种子休眠的效应等方面对西南鸢尾种子萌发特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,种皮透水性良好,在浸水2h后吸水量迅速增加,在48h后达到吸水高峰。4种恒温15、20、25、30℃和3种变温20／10、25／15、30／20℃条件下,发现种子萌发最适温度为30／20℃,同时有光条件下的种子萌发率明显高于无光条件,即西南鸢尾种子萌发具有需光性。种子在5℃湿沙层积1～6个月后,萌发率提高18.3％～48.9％。而不同浓度的赤霉素（50～600mg／L）处理24h后均没有提高种子萌发率,以上结果表明西南鸢尾具有非深度生理体眠特性。 相似文献
10.
11.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
12.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
18.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
19.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
20.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献