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选择某牛场50头临床健康奶牛,采用CMT法进行隐性乳房炎检测,其中28头奶牛患有隐性乳房炎,发病率为56%;在被检的200个乳样中患有隐性乳房炎的乳区84个,乳区阳性率为42%。对阳性乳样进行细菌分离鉴定,从28头患有隐性乳房炎的奶牛的84个乳样中检出13种共98个菌株,其中葡萄球菌44个,占44.90%;金黄色葡萄球菌32个,占32.65%;链球菌20个,占20.40%;大肠埃希菌11个,占11.22%。由葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠埃希菌引起的乳房炎占整个比例的75.51%。表明引起奶牛隐性乳房炎的病原菌以葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠埃希菌为主,而且单纯由某一种病原菌引起的病例较少,多数是由2～3种甚至是3种以上的病原菌引起,混合感染率为83.33%。药敏试验结果表明,临床使用较多的青霉素和链霉素对奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌有较强的耐药性,而对庆大霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、环丙沙星和林可霉素等药物则较为敏感。 相似文献
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为研究西藏拉萨市林周县牦牛乳理化指标和乳房炎主要病原菌,采集牦牛乳样品100份,开展乳理化指标和主要病原菌检测。采用CMT法筛选隐性乳房炎病例,针对筛选出隐性乳房炎阳性乳样20份进行病原菌分离鉴定,共分离出11种52株细菌,通过鉴定,其中包含4株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,10株金黄色葡萄球菌,2株停乳链球菌,2株乳房链球菌,1株粪链球菌,8株无乳链球菌,6株大肠埃希菌,4株真菌。乳房炎63.5%的病例是由链球菌、葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌引起,结果证实,链球菌、葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌是导致林周县牦牛乳房炎的主要病原菌。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2016,(12)
为了解吉林省各地区奶牛乳房炎发病情况,以便于科学合理防治该病,对长春市、吉林市、白城市以及延吉等多个大型奶牛场200份乳样进行了细菌分离与鉴定,并对其主要致病菌进行敏感药物筛选试验。结果显示,导致吉林省奶牛乳房炎发生的主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌以及停乳链球菌等,在检出的267株病原菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌98株,占36.70%;无乳链球菌65株,占24.34%;停乳链球菌57株,占21.35%;大肠埃希菌43株,占16.10%;其他菌4株,占1.5%。4种病原茵对丁胺卡那霉素、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、头孢噻肟以及万古霉素均高度敏感,但对青霉素、链霉素、红霉素、庆大霉素等具有较强的耐药性,因此丁胺卡那霉素、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、头孢噻肟以及万古霉素可以作为吉林省奶牛乳房炎治疗的首选药物。 相似文献
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为查明甘肃省某奶牛场发生临床型奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌并选择治疗用敏感药物,随机无菌采集了6份临床型病牛乳样和1份大罐乳样,采用划线分离、菌落形态观察、革兰染色镜检、生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析等方法进行细菌分离鉴定,同时采用K-B法测定主要分离菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明,从临床型乳房炎乳样中分离鉴定出大肠埃希菌、芽胞杆菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(腐生葡萄球菌)3种细菌,其中大肠埃希菌的分离率最高,为66.67%;从大罐奶样中也分离出大肠埃希菌。药敏试验结果表明,大肠埃希菌对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢噻吩、杆菌肽、红霉素均存在不同程度的耐药,耐药率为29%~100%;对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、头孢哌酮等药物敏感。说明此次牛场临床型乳房炎的主要病原菌是大肠埃希菌、葡萄球菌和芽胞杆菌,而且分离的大肠埃希菌具有多重耐药性。根据检测分析结果,给奶牛场提出针对性的防控措施,临床型乳房炎的发病率下降,病情得以控制。 相似文献
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本试验采用自然沉降法对规模化奶牛场泌乳奶牛舍进行空气细菌含量检测,同时对空气中细菌和乳房炎奶牛乳汁中细菌进行分离鉴定。结果表明,不同牧场不同培养基的细菌菌落总数均不同,在NA培养基上,细菌菌落总数B场10.97×10~3 cfu/m~3C场10.17×10~3 efu/m~3A场8.78×10~3 cfu/m~3;运动场细菌菌落总数少于牛舍内。3个牧场奶牛乳房炎的发病率分别是B场32.14%C场的30.91%A场29.25%,空气中的细菌菌落总数与奶牛乳房炎的发病率呈正相关。从3个牧场牛舍空气样本中分离到221个菌株,有金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产气肠杆菌、沙门菌、停乳链球菌、无乳链球菌和肺炎链球菌等主要病原菌。A、B牧场主要是葡萄球菌,占分离菌的75.34%和60.61%。其中金黄色葡萄球菌分别占45.21%和22.73%。C牧场牛舍空气中主要是肠杆菌,占分离菌的51.23%,其中大肠埃希菌占31.70%。3个牧场乳房炎奶牛乳汁中所检测到的主要病原菌分别是:A、B牧场主要是葡萄球菌,占分离菌的48%和57.96%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌分别占24%和23.8%;C牧场主要是肠杆菌,占分离菌的50%,其中大肠埃希菌占18.8%,沙门菌占9.09%。奶牛场空气中主要病原菌的种类和乳房炎奶牛乳汁中主要病原菌的种类基本一致。 相似文献
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Green MJ Green LE Bradley AJ Burton PR Schukken YH Medley GF 《The Veterinary record》2005,156(3):71-77
To assess the prevalence and patterns of bacterial isolates, cultures were made from the dry mammary glands of dairy cows in six commercial dairy herds in the UK. Milk samples were taken from all four quarters of 480 cows at drying off and at weekly intervals from 14 days before to seven days after calving. A major mastitis pathogen was isolated from at least one quarter of 220 (45.8 per cent) of the cows and from more than one quarter of 90 (18.8 per cent) of them. During the late dry to calving period, of the 957 quarters with three culture results, a major mastitis pathogen was cultured from 236 (24.7 per cent) quarters of 186 (38.8 [corrected] per cent) cows. The most commonly isolated major pathogen was Escherichia coli, followed by Streptococcus uberis and coagulase-positive staphylococci. There were significant differences between the patterns of isolates from different farms and in different calving months, suggesting that the rate of infection was partially dependent on external conditions. The isolation of E. coli, S. uberis or coagulase-positive staphylococci from a cow during the late dry/periparturient period was associated with an increased risk of that cow being culled in the next lactation. Bayesian general linear mixed models were used to assess the associations between the different bacterial species. The probability of isolating either E. coli or S. uberis was significantly greater when the other organism was cultured in a milk sample; this was also true of coagulase-positive staphylococci and S. uberis. When Corynebacterium species were isolated from a milk sample, the probability of isolating coagulase-positive staphylococci or S. uberis decreased significantly, and when coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated the probability of isolating coagulase-positive staphylococci was reduced. 相似文献
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Wellenberg GJ Bruschke CJ Wisselink HJ Barkema HW Van Oirschot JT 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,86(1-2):115-129
In this study, we examined whether an experimental bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV4) infection can induce bovine mastitis, or can enhance bovine mastitis induced by Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis). Four lactating cows were inoculated intramammarily and intranasally with BHV4, and four lactating control cows were mock-inoculated. After 14 days, two of four cows from each group were inoculated intramammarily with S. uberis. No clinical signs were recorded in cows inoculated only with BHV4, and their milk samples showed no abnormal morphology, despite the fact that BHV4 replicated in inoculated quarters. Somatic cell count increased significantly in milk from three of six BHV4-inoculated quarters, compared to the non-inoculated quarters of the same cows (within-cow) and the quarters of mock-inoculated cows (control group) on days 8, 9 and 11 post-inoculation (pi). BHV4 was isolated from nasal swabs between days 2 and 9 pi. Clinical mastitis was observed in all four cows intramammarily inoculated with S. uberis. A preceding BHV4 infection did not exacerbate the clinical mastitis induced by S. uberis. S. uberis infections appeared to trigger BHV4 replication. From one quarter of each of two cows inoculated with BHV4 and S. uberis, BHV4 was isolated, and not from quarters inoculated with BHV4 only. In conclusion, BHV4 did not induce bovine clinical mastitis after simultaneous intranasal and intramammary inoculation. However, the BHV4 infection did induce subclinical mastitis in 50% of the cows and the quarters. 相似文献
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在对山东7个地区14个奶牛场临床型和隐性乳腺炎调查的基础上采集234头临床乳腺炎病牛乳样、241个隐性乳腺炎乳样并分别做了细菌学检查,结果表明:泌乳期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、酵母菌和棒状杆菌为主;干奶期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以大肠杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和酵母菌为主;隐性乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌链球菌、酵母菌、假单胞菌和棒状杆菌为主;厌氧菌在隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎和干奶期乳腺炎乳样的捡出率分别为 5．82％,4．17%,10．16％;隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎细菌的共感染率较高,与泌乳期乳腺炎病原菌的差异极显著(P<0．01),隐性乳腺炎与干奶期乳腺炎病原菌共感染率差异不显著(P >0．05)。 相似文献
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Lactoferrin Concentration in Milk of Bovine Clinical Mastitis 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The lactoferrin (LF) concentration in the milk from dairy cows with clinical mastitis was determined to evaluate the relationship between the LF concentration (LFC) in milk and the non-specific defensive capability of the udder. The mean LFC in 368 milk samples from 319 cows with clinical mastitis was significantly higher (p<0.01) than that of normal cows. The mean LFC in milk from quarters infected with Mycoplasma bovis or Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of quarters infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). In Escherichia coli mastitis, the level of LFC in milk from cows with peracute mastitis was significantly lower (p<0.01) than that from cows with acute mastitis. In cases of mastitis due to E. coli, the mean LFC in milk from cows that needed more than 10 days to recover from the mastitis or were not cured was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that for cows which took less than 10 days to be cured. The mean LFC in milk from cows with peracute E. coli mastitis was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that for cows with mastitis associated with environmental streptococci or CNS, although these low LF levels were somewhat increased after 46 h from the occurrence of mastitis. These results suggest that the decreased levels of LF in peracute E. coli mastitis may be associated with the progress of inflammation in the early phase of mastitis. 相似文献
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Oliver SP Almeida RA Gillespie BE Ivey SJ Moorehead H Lunn P Dowlen HH Johnson DL Lamar KC 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2003,4(3):299-308
Streptococcus uberis is an important cause of mastitis in dairy cows throughout the world, particularly during the dry period, around the time of calving, and during early lactation. Strategies for controlling S. uberis mastitis have not received adequate research attention and are therefore poorly defined and inadequate. Objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy of extended therapy regimens with pirlimycin for treatment of experimentally induced S. uberis intramammary infections in lactating dairy cows during early lactation and to evaluate the usefulness of the S. uberis experimental infection model for evaluating antimicrobial efficacy in dairy cows. The efficacy of extended pirlimycin intramammary therapy regimens was investigated in 103 mammary glands of 68 dairy cows that became infected following experimental challenge with S. uberis during early lactation. Cows infected with S. uberis in one or both experimentally challenged mammary glands were randomly allocated to three groups, representing three different treatment regimens with pirlimycin, including 2-day (n = 21 cows, 31 mammary quarters), 5-day (n = 21 cows, 32 quarters), and 8-day (n = 26 cows, 40 quarters). For all groups, pirlimycin was administered at a rate of 50 mg of pirlimycin hydrochloride via intramammary infusion. A cure was defined as an experimentally infected mammary gland that was treated with pirlimycin and was bacteriologically negative for the presence of S. uberis at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment. Experimental S. uberis intramammary infections were eliminated in 58.1% of the infected quarters treated with the pirlimycin 2-day regimen, 68.8% for the 5-day regimen, and 80.0% for the 8-day regimen. Significant differences (P <.05) in efficacy were observed between the 2-day and 8-day treatment regimens. The number of somatic cells in milk decreased significantly following therapy in quarters for which treatment was successful in eliminating S. uberis. However, there was no evidence to suggest that extended therapy with pirlimycin resulted in a greater reduction in somatic cell counts in milk than the 2-day treatment. The S. uberis experimental infection model was a rapid and effective means of evaluating antimicrobial efficacy during early lactation at a time when mammary glands are highly susceptible to S. uberis intramammary infection. 相似文献
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R M Doane S P Oliver R D Walker E P Shull 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(5):749-754
Twenty-seven quarters of 18 lactating dairy cows were inoculated intramammarily with 3.6 X 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) of a strain of Streptococcus uberis isolated from a cow with clinical mastitis. Before quarters were inoculated, 22 were considered as naturally colonized with Corynebacterium bovis, and 5 were considered bacteriologically negative. Streptococcus uberis was isolated from all quarters within 2 days after inoculation, and all quarters developed clinical mastitis by 3 days after inoculation. Mastitis was acute, and most cows had increased rectal temperatures. The number of somatic cells increased significantly (P less than 0.05), and milk production decreased significantly. In many cows, rectal temperatures remained increased, and Str uberis was isolated from infected glands after intramammary and systemic antimicrobial treatments were given. A decreased number (110 CFU) of the same strain of Str uberis caused equally severe mastitis in 3 quarters colonized with C bovis and in 1 bacteriologically negative quarter in 2 cows. Streptococcus uberis was isolated from all inoculated quarters, and all quarters developed clinical mastitis by 2 days after inoculation. Two quarters colonized with C bovis and 2 bacteriologically negative quarters were inoculated once with 25 CFU and once with 240 CFU of a different strain of Str uberis (ATCC 27958). Streptococcus uberis was never isolated from inoculated quarters, and changes in milk yield or number of somatic cells were not observed. 相似文献
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为了掌握辽宁地区奶牛乳房炎主要细菌性病原种类及致奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌药物敏感性特征,本研究选取辽宁地区某大型奶牛场75头临床表现为乳房炎的奶样进行细菌培养与分离,通过生化方法对分离到的细菌进行鉴定,并对分离到的奶牛源大肠杆菌进行体外药物敏感性试验研究。结果发现,该场奶牛乳房炎细菌性病原主要为大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和链球菌,其检出率分别为58.7%、64.0%和54.7%,存在二重感染和三重感染等混合感染的情况。大肠杆菌药物敏感性试验结果表明,该场分离株对磺胺类药物（耐药率>85%）及氯霉素类药物（耐药率>30%）耐药性较高,对氨苄西林（9.5%）、环丙沙星（9.5%）、头孢噻呋（7.1%）和氧氟沙星（4.8%）比较敏感。上述研究结果为该地区奶牛乳房炎的防制提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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Three hundred and forty-two Streptococcus uberis isolates were cultured from milk samples from subclinical and clinical cases of dairy cattle mastitis. The samples were collected from 15 different New Zealand farming regions, including eight specific farms, during field research trials and veterinary diagnostic investigations. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to determine and compare the degree of genetic dissimilarity between the restriction endonuclease fragment pattern of the 342 New Zealand and a single United States S. uberis isolate. The 343 isolates exhibited 330 different restriction endonuclease fragment patterns. The United States isolate had a pattern unlike any of the New Zealand isolates. Most of the isolates were genetically different strains (pattern deferred by at least 33%), but identical patterns were noted within the same or different quarters of an individual cow, different cows within the same farm, and from different cows from the same or different districts, farming regions or islands. Seven of the eight selected farms had at most only one pair of isolates with banding patterns, which differed by less than 33%. A high degree of dissimilarity was noted in individual herds in which all the samples were collected on the same day or over a 2-year period. The high degree of dissimilar isolates is an indication that S. uberis infections in New Zealand dairy cattle are largely due to the opportunistic nature of the organism in the cows' environment. Prevention and treatment of S. uberis mastitis will therefore need to be directed at a multitude of different strains present throughout the country as well as in individual herds. 相似文献