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1.
不同溶解氧条件下亚硝酸盐和非离子氨对大菱鲆的急性毒性效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了过饱和氧条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对大菱鲆急性毒性效应,同时对比了在正常溶解氧条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对大菱鲆急性毒性效应。实验结果表明,过饱和氧条件下亚硝酸盐对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为467.60mg/L和390.78mg/L,非离子氨对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为2.40mg/L和1.73mg/L;而正常溶氧条件下,亚硝酸盐对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为181.07mg/L和130.66mg/L,非离子氨对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为1.82mg/L和1.14mg/L。亚硝酸盐和非离子氨对大菱鲆均具有一定的毒性,其主要中毒症状表现为,中毒的个体开始急躁不安并沿槽壁狂游,频繁发生相互碰撞或与槽壁摩擦,随后行动减缓并伴有侧游或侧翻动作,呼吸速度减慢,发生昏迷并沉落水底,直至死亡。死亡的大菱鲆鱼体弯曲,体色变淡,鳃盖张开。无论在过饱和氧还是在正常溶氧条件下非离子氨对大菱鲆的毒性都远大于亚硝酸盐的毒性,同时高浓度溶解氧的存在使大菱鲆对这两种毒物的耐受能力得以提高。提出了在大菱鲆循环水养殖过程中可以通过向水体充氧的方式以提高大菱鲆对亚硝酸盐和非离子氨的耐受力。 相似文献
2.
不同溶氧条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对半滑舌鳎的急性毒性效应 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
研究了正常溶解氧(5.5～6.0mg/L)和过饱和氧(10～12mg/L)条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对半滑舌鳎急性毒性效应。实验结果表明,正常溶氧条件下,亚硝酸盐对半滑舌鳎的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为48.2mg/L(43.56～53.34mg/L)和41.66mg/L(37.03～46.86mg/L),非离子氨对半滑舌鳎的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为0.76mg/L(0.64～0.89mg/L)和0.58mg/L(0.48～0.70mg/L);而过饱和氧条件下亚硝酸盐对半滑舌鳎的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为120.68(110.82～131.42mg/L)和103.53mg/L(94.83～113.03mg/L);非离子氨对半滑舌鳎的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为2.53mg/L(2.42～2.66mg/L)和2.39mg/L(2.31～2.49mg/L)。最后,提出了在半滑舌鳎养殖过程中可以通过向水体充氧的方式以提高半滑舌鳎对亚硝酸盐和非离子氨的耐受力。 相似文献
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不同溶氧水平下氨氮和亚硝酸盐对黄颡鱼的急性毒性研究 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
在高溶氧(10.77±0.40)mg/L、中溶氧(6.89±0.33)mg/L和低溶氧(3.45±0.54)mg/L水平下,研究了氨氮和亚硝酸盐对黄颡鱼急性毒性效应。结果显示:高溶氧水平下,氨氮和亚硝酸盐对黄颡鱼的96 h-LC50值(95%可信区间)分别为148.1 mg/L(125.03～172.37 mg/L)、206.52 mg/L(164.25～246.23 mg/L);在中等溶氧水平下,氨氮和亚硝酸盐对黄颡鱼的96 h-LC50值(95%可信区间)分别为106.69 mg/L(89.92～123.70 mg/L)、145.77 mg/L(116.77～174.77 mg/L);而低溶氧水平下,氨氮和亚硝酸盐对黄颡鱼的96 h-LC50值(95%可信区间)分别为68.03 mg/L(58.32～77.89 mg/L)、81.33 mg/L(64.76～96.70 mg/L)。结果表明,在3种溶氧条件下,氨氮对黄颡鱼的毒性明显大于亚硝酸盐对黄颡鱼的毒性,因而氨氮对黄颡鱼的毒性成为其养殖过程中的重要影响因子。 相似文献
4.
为研究工厂化养殖条件下氨氮、亚硝酸盐对龙虎斑的急性毒性效应,采用常规生物急性毒性试验法,进行了氨氮和亚硝酸盐对龙虎斑幼鱼[体质量(59.37±7.11)g,体长约10 cm]的急性毒性试验。结果表明,在水温为(28.57±1.61)℃,pH为(7.7±0.1),盐度为(28±1),溶解氧为(5.5±1.0)mg/L的条件下,氨氮对龙虎斑的24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为43.15、40.16、37.71、33.43 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为3.343 mg/L;对应的非离子氨LC50分别为1.599、1.488、1.397、1.239 mg/L,SC为0.1239 mg/L;亚硝酸盐对龙虎斑的24、48、72、96 h LC_(50)分别为306.72、227.09、131.40、90.41 mg/L,SC为9.041 mg/L。氨氮和亚硝酸盐对龙虎斑的毒性随药物浓度的升高和暴露时间的延长而增强,对鱼体的LC50均随暴露时间的延长呈下降趋势。 相似文献
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采用静水式试验方法,在水温为20±1℃的条件下,研究夹竹桃提取物对鲤鱼、鳊鱼和白鲢的毒性效应,以期为该药物在渔病防治中的使用提供用药的参考依据。试验结果表明,夹竹桃提取物对鲤鱼的24 h LC_(50)、48 h LC_(50)、96 h LC_(50)分别为149．55 mg/L、78．76 mg/L、66．09 mg/L;安全浓度为6．61 mg/L。对鳊鱼的24 h LC_(50)、48 h LC_(50)、96 h LC_(50)分别为269．41 mg/L、94．54 mg/L、40．63 mg/L;安全浓度为4．06 mg/L。对白鲢的24 h LC~(50)、48 h LC~(50)、96 h LC~(50)分别为91．37 mg/L、69．09 mg/L、48．71 mg/L,安全浓度为4．87 mg/L。 相似文献
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通过室内毒理实验,研究印染废水(主要有毒物质为苯胺C6H5NH2和苯酚C6H5OH,质量浓度分别为20 mg/L和24 mg/L)、电镀废水(主要有毒物质为锌、铜和铅,质量浓度分别为1 970 mg/L、9 mg/L和7.5 mg/L)、农药废水(主要有毒物质为久效磷和亚磷酸盐二甲酯)及其混合废水对中国对虾(Peanaeus chinensis)无节幼体和仔虾的急性毒性作用.结果表明,印染废水、电镀废水、农药废水及其混合物对无节幼体48 h LC50(95%可信限区间)和96 h LC50(95%可信限区间)分别为2.27%(1.72%～2.99%)、0.29%(0.22%～0.37%)、0.86%(0.64%～1.15%)及0.30%(0.22%～0.40%)和1.03%(0.79%～1.34%)、0.16%(0.12%～0.19%)、0.38%(0.30%～0.48%)及0.18%(0.13%～0.24%);对仔虾48h LC50(95%可信限区间)和96 h LC50(95%可信限区间)分别为3.51%(2.38%～5.18%)、0.40%(0.29%～0.55%)、2.06%(1.34%～3.17%)及0.52%(0.39%～0.71%)和1.44%(1.06%～1.96%)、0.21%(0.15%～0.29%)、0.71%(0.51%～0.99%)及0.22%(0.17%～0.29%).3种工业废水的毒性从大到小依次为:电镀废水、农药废水、印染废水,无节幼体较仔虾对这废水的毒性更为敏感.3种废水以等体积混合时,对无节幼体和仔虾的联合毒性表现为协同作用. 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2015,(6)
本研究以海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)为研究对象,通过96 h半静水毒性实验,探讨了消油剂、0号柴油分散液(WAF)与0号柴油乳化液(CEWAF)对海湾扇贝24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h急性毒性效应。结果显示,消油剂对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为1905(1570-2451 mg/L)、1293(1070-1556 mg/L)、1015(721-1348 mg/L)、846 mg/L(660-1020 mg/L);WAF对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为36.57(29.42-48.96 mg/L)、23.10(21.07-25.39 mg/L)、14.99(13.66-16.41 mg/L)、11.31 mg/L(8.37-14.47 mg/L);CEWAF对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为12.71(10.78-15.55 mg/L)、8.51(7.99-9.07 mg/L)、6.56(4.46-7.74 mg/L)、5.42 mg/L(4.51-6.29 mg/L)。消油剂、0号柴油分散液、0号柴油乳化液对海湾扇贝96 h安全浓度分别为84.6、1.13、0.54 mg/L。随着实验时间的延长,消油剂、WAF和CEWAF对海湾扇贝的半致死浓度(LC_(50))均呈逐渐降低之势,半致死浓度与时间呈幂函数关系,其关系式分别为y=12242x~(–0.583)、y=564.37x~(–0.848)、y=89.987x~(–0.613)。在受试溶液中暴露相同时间,海湾扇贝的半致死浓度从高到低依次为消油剂、WAF和CEWAF,说明CEWAF对海湾扇贝的毒性大于消油剂和WAF,这对于在养殖海区使用消油剂处理溢油事故具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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在水温15.1～17.3℃,pH 7.88～8.15,盐度32.17‰～32.28‰,溶解氧6.40～7.40 mg/L的条件下,采用半静水法研究了氨氮和亚硝酸盐对体质量(2.86±0.43)g的单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)幼体的急性毒性效应。试验结果表明,单环刺螠幼体中毒后体色变暗,对外界刺激变得不敏感,最后身体缩成一团或细线状。随着氨氮和亚硝酸盐质量浓度升高死亡率逐渐升高,存在明显的剂量效应和时间效应。氨氮对单环刺螠幼体96 h半致死质量浓度分别为620.79 mg/L(95%置信区间557.62～691.11 mg/L),安全质量浓度为62.08 mg/L,对应非离子氨浓度为13.85 mg/L(95%置信区间12.44～15.42 mg/L),安全质量浓度为1.39 mg/L;亚硝酸盐对单环刺螠幼体96 h半致死质量浓度为243.90 mg/L(95%置信区间223.10～266.65 mg/L),安全质量浓度为24.39 mg/L。非离子氨对单环刺螠幼体毒性大于亚硝酸盐毒性。 相似文献
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本研究以海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)为研究对象, 通过96 h半静水毒性实验,探讨了消油剂、0号柴油分散液(WAF)与0号柴油乳化液(CEWAF)对海湾扇贝24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h急性毒性效应。结果显示,消油剂对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为1905(1570-2451 mg/L)、1293(1070-1556 mg/L)、1015(721-1348 mg/L)、846 mg/L(660-1020 mg/L);WAF对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为36.57(29.42-48.96 mg/L)、23.10(21.07-25.39 mg/L)、14.99(13.66-16.41 mg/L)、11.31 mg/L(8.37-14.47 mg/L);CEWAF对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为12.71(10.78-15.55 mg/L)、8.51 (7.99-9.07 mg/L)、6.56(4.46-7.74 mg/L)、5.42 mg/L(4.51-6.29 mg/L)。消油剂、0号柴油分散液、0号柴油乳化液对海湾扇贝96 h安全浓度分别为84.6、1.13、0.54 mg/L。随着实验时间的延长,消油剂、WAF和CEWAF对海湾扇贝的半致死浓度(LC50)均呈逐渐降低之势,半致死浓度与时间呈幂函数关系,其关系式分别为y=12242x–0.583、y=564.37x–0.848、y=89.987x–0.613。在受试溶液中暴露相同时间,海湾扇贝的半致死浓度从高到低依次为消油剂、WAF和CEWAF,说明CEWAF对海湾扇贝的毒性大于消油剂和WAF,这对于在养殖海区使用消油剂处理溢油事故具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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依照水生生物毒性方法,在溶解氧5.0~6.0mg/L、水温27.0~28.0℃、p H8.0~8.2条件下,用分析纯NH_4Cl和NaNO_2配制成总氨氮(非离子氨)浓度为0(对照组)、37(2.26)mg/L、42(2.56)mg/L、49(2.99)mg/L、56(3.42)mg/L、65(3.96)mg/L、75(4.57)mg/L、87(5.31)mg/L和100(6.10)mg/L,亚硝酸盐浓度为0mg/L(对照组)、0.49mg/L、0.65mg/L、0.75mg/L、0.87mg/L、1.15mg/L、1.55mg/L和2.10 mg/L,研究氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度对平均体质量(1.39±0.60)g的大刺鳅Mastacembelue armatus幼鱼的急性毒性。结果表明:大刺鳅幼鱼总氨氮的24h、48h和96h半致死浓度分别为78.35mg/L、77.15mg/L和76.05mg/L,非离子氨半致死浓度分别为4.78 mg/L、4.71mg/L和4.64mg/L,亚硝酸盐半致死浓度分别为1.177mg/L、0.921mg/L和0.798mg/L,总氨氮、非离子氨和亚硝酸盐的安全浓度分别为7.61mg/L、0.46mg/L和0.0798mg/L。亚硝酸盐对大刺鳅幼鱼的急性毒性强于氨氮,对亚硝酸盐的毒性也比其他鱼类更敏感,在生产中应特别注意监控水体中亚硝酸盐浓度的变化。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
14.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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