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通过体外制备血细胞单层的方法,研究了中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)血细胞对蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacil-luscereus)及鼠红细胞的吞噬能力,并探讨了血清孵育对血细胞吞噬能力的影响。结果表明,以vanHARREV-ALD氏液配制的浓度为100.0mg·mL-1的L-cysteine溶液可以作为中华绒螯蟹血淋巴的抗凝剂,中华绒螯蟹血细胞在20℃下培养1h的存活率可维持在(92.5±0.9)%。中华绒螯蟹血细胞贴壁后呈扁平状,胞质可沿玻片表面迅速伸展并伸出类似于伪足的原生质突起,具有吞噬能力,对蜡状芽胞杆菌吞噬率为(5.1±1.4)%,不能吞噬鼠红细胞,血清孵育不能增强中华绒螯蟹血细胞的吞噬能力。 相似文献
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将枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtzlis)基因组DNA按5、20和80μg/kg剂量体腔注射中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)(约0.1 mL/只),设注射等体积TE缓冲液为对照组,分别在第1、3、5、7天采样,测定该细菌DNA对中华绒螯蟹的免疫刺激作用。结果显示:注射上述3种剂量的枯草芽孢杆菌基因组DNA均能不同程度地提高中华绒螯蟹的THC、血细胞呼吸爆发活性和血清PO、ACP活性,试验组蟹的上述免疫指标的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并以20μg/kg体重剂量的刺激效果最好;但试验剂量的细菌DNA对血清ALP活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹血清中外源凝集素的凝集作用及影响因素 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
中华绒螯蟹血清中的凝集素可凝集人、兔、豚鼠、小白鼠、鹌鹑、鸡、蟾蜍、鳝鱼等动物血细胞,但不凝集鲫鱼血细胞;此外,该凝集素亦可凝集双球菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、枯草杆菌等细菌。该凝集素凝集活性可被L-山梨糖、D-果糖、D-半乳糖轻微抑制,并表现出对pH和温度的广泛适应性,在pH为2－12,温度为8℃－64℃范围内均具凝集活性。中华绒螯蟹血清中的凝集素对上述几种动物血细胞的凝集效价高于罗氏沼虾和克螯虾。 相似文献
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选用草酸钾等 10种抗凝剂对中华绒螯蟹血淋巴进行抗凝试验，结果表明，1．67倍抗凝剂 8(0．23 mol/LNaCl、0．17mol/L葡萄糖、50．00mmol/L柠檬酸三钠、43．33mmol/L柠檬酸、16．67mmol/LEDTA- Na2，pH5．5)为中华绒螯蟹血淋巴一种比较理想的抗凝剂，当抗凝剂与血淋巴体积比为 2∶5时，这种抗凝剂不仅能有效延长中华绒螯蟹血淋巴的凝固时间达69．8min以上，而且还能较好地维持中华绒螯蟹血细胞形态的完整性。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹血淋巴抗菌活性的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
主要研究了中华绒螯蟹血清和血细胞破碎上清液(HLS)对大肠杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌、蜡状芽胞杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性、不同浓度HLS对抗菌活性的影响以及血清中抗菌活性的诱导作用。结果显示,只有HLS对大肠杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌表现出显著的抗菌活性,而血清对4种菌、HLS对蜡状芽胞杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均未表现出抗菌活性;随着HLS浓度的降低,大肠杆菌的细菌存活指数(SI)迅速上升,抗菌活性迅速下降,HLS浓度高低直接影响抗菌活性的强弱;通过注射灭活大肠杆菌,血清在1~24h内表现出抗菌活性的诱导作用,在6h时抗菌活性最强。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹也称为河蟹,属于我国比较名贵的淡水蟹,中华绒螯蟹细菌性疾病具有发病比较快和死亡率较高等特点,会造成比较大的经济损失。对池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹出现的常见细菌性疾病的症状及流行特点进行了归纳,同时提出了防治方法。从而有效加强疾病预防和防治。 相似文献
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为了更精确地对甲壳动物血细胞进行快速分类和功能分析,本研究以中华绒螯蟹为例,依据其血细胞内具有颗粒结构的特征,与常规显微观察对比,探讨了一种基于图像流式细胞仪的血细胞自动化分类新方法,并测量了体质量为(10±3) g的中华绒螯蟹的血细胞对直径1μm微球的吞噬情况。结果显示,两种方法都可将中华绒螯蟹血细胞分为4个类群。显微镜观察分类基于胞内可见颗粒,但由于缺乏精细的量化标准,批次样品的人工辨识结果波动较大;而图像流式方法以胞内全部颗粒结构为对象,利用高精度检测模块测量,结果更准确、客观,而且通量高、重复性好。测量结果显示,中华绒螯蟹血淋巴中无颗粒、小颗粒、中颗粒及大颗粒细胞占比分别为40.62%±2.65%、36.68%±6.84%、7.80%±1.16%和16.51%±5.60%,依据测量的颗粒特征区分的4个类群界限清晰,缺乏过渡样点,提示各类细胞之间可能没有相互转化。进一步的活体微球吞噬实验证实,中华绒螯蟹的4类血细胞都具有吞噬功能,并以无颗粒细胞为主要吞噬类群;吞噬微球的细胞比例在注射后6 h内呈钟型曲线变化,4 h可达峰值(5.69%±0.44%),表明中华绒螯蟹血细胞能高效清除血淋巴中的异物。研究表明,图像流式细胞仪适合于中华绒螯蟹的血细胞分类分析和功能研究,本研究结果为同类研究提供了重要参考,将有助于更全面了解甲壳动物血细胞的功能。 相似文献
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将中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)血清凝集素与动物(鳖、鲫鱼、鸡、鸽、兔、鼠、人A、B、O型)红细胞和细菌(八叠球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、短小芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、假单胞菌和拟态弧菌)进行凝集反应。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素有明显的选择性,与小白鼠红细胞和八叠球菌的凝集活性最高(P<0.01)。血清凝集价在蟹个体之间变化范围较大,性别之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。10 mmol/L的CaCl2和300 mmol/L的NaCl不影响凝集素与小鼠红细胞和细菌的凝集活性,600 mmol/L的NaCl可降低其活性。pH 5~9不影响蟹凝集素活性,但400 mmol/L的EDTA在pH 7.0可部分抑制其活性,100 mmol/L的EDTA在pH 5.0则可完全抑制其活性。在细菌刺激下,中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素活性在2 d达到峰值,随后逐步缓慢下降。接种细菌(八叠球菌)的数量(3.0×109~9.0×109)显著影响血清凝集素的产生(P<0.05),而环境水温度(18~30℃)和蟹体质量(35~80 g)的影响则不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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中国大陆沿海六水系绒螯蟹_中华绒_省略__群体亲缘关系_生化遗传差异分析 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析比较了分布于我国大陆沿海 6个主要水系的两种绒螯蟹 (中华绒螯蟹、日本绒螯蟹 )群体间的生化遗传差异。结果发现 ,(1)辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹群体间的生化遗传差异不显著 ,四个群体间的遗传距离D =0 .0 0 0 6～ 0 .0 0 53,属种内群体间差异。 (2 )珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹群体间的生化遗传差异也不显著 ,两个群体间遗传距离D=0 .0 0 0 7,尚未达到亚种分化水平。 (3)辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹与珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹在SOD同工酶表型上有明显差异 ,SOD - 2位点仅在辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹中表达 ,而SOD - 4位点仅在珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹中表达 ,这些可作为中华绒螯蟹与日本绒螯蟹群体区分的生化遗传标志。辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹群体同珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹群体间的遗传距离较大 ,D =0 .0 72 1～ 0 .0 74 7。 (4 )聚类分析表明 ,在我国大陆沿海水系分布的绒螯蟹可分为两大类群 ,辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江水系的绒螯蟹属北方类群 ,即中华绒螯蟹 ;珠江和南流江的绒螯蟹属南方类群 ,即日本绒螯蟹。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)是我国重要的增养殖对象之一,近年来,随着养殖规模的不断扩大和集约化程度的提高,由细菌、病毒和类立克次体等引起的各种疾病日趋严重,给中华绒螯蟹养殖产业造成了巨大损失~[1-3]. 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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