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1.
为研究利木赞牛对雷琼黄牛的杂交改良效果,试验选择出生年龄相近、相同饲养管理条件下的100头1～5岁利雷(利木赞♂×雷琼黄牛♀)F1牛,测定其体重、体高和体尺等生长指标,并进行比较分析。结果显示,与纯种雷琼黄牛相比,1～5岁利雷杂牛的体重均有显著提高(P <0.05)。其中公牛以3岁时的体重差异最大,提高了60.5%。母牛体重以4岁时的差异最大,提高了24.8%。体尺测量结果显示,随着年龄增长,利雷杂公牛的各项体尺指标均明显高于雷琼黄牛,母牛除管围、胸宽和坐骨端宽外,其他体尺指标均显著高于雷琼黄牛(P <0.05)。综上,以利木赞牛为父本杂交改良雷琼黄牛可显著提高F1牛的生长性能,其中公牛在3岁时提高最明显,母牛则在4岁时提高最明显。  相似文献   

2.
[目的]利用杂种优势是提高肉牛产肉性能的重要方式,而杂交组合筛选是杂种优势利用的关键环节。[方法]本试验选择10-12月龄利杂牛(利木辛♂×秦川牛♀)、西杂牛(西门塔尔♂×秦川牛♀)、南杂牛(南德温♂×秦川牛♀)、秦川牛和秦杂牛(秦川牛♂×本地牛♀)5组共26头牛集中肥育12个月后屠宰,比较分析不同杂交组合后代生长速度和屠宰性能。[结果]表明,利杂牛和西杂牛全期平均日增重分别为0.76Kg和0.78Kg,高于其它杂种牛和秦川牛但无显著差异(P0.05)。利杂牛育肥12个月后体高和体斜长显著高于西杂牛,腿臀围显著高于秦川牛(P0.05)。利杂牛屠宰率和净肉率分别为61.1%和44.4%,在5组肥育牛中最高。秦杂牛骨肉比显著低于利杂和南杂牛,南杂牛胴体产肉率显著低于秦川牛(P0.05)。5组杂种肉牛胴体产出的高档肉比例无显著差异,而利杂牛、西杂牛优质肉比例最高且显著高于秦杂牛。[结论]综合分析表明,利木辛为父本、秦川牛为母本的利杂牛产肉性能相对最好,可作为较优杂交组合推广利用。  相似文献   

3.
不同杂交品种肉牛育肥效果的比较试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
选择不同杂交品种肉牛和延边牛共 2 0头 ,即西黄牛 (西门塔尔×延边牛 )、夏黄牛 (夏洛来×延边牛 )、皮黄牛 (皮埃蒙特×延边牛 )的F1和黄牛 (延边牛 )公牛各 5头 ,进行了 10 0天育肥饲养比较试验。结果表明 :夏黄牛 (13 3 4g)、西黄牛(13 0 9g)和皮黄牛 (112 1g)育肥期平均日增重均显著高于黄牛 (82 7g ,P <0 0 5 ) ,西黄牛和夏黄牛平均日增重也分别显著高于皮黄牛 ,而西黄牛和夏黄牛之间没有显著性差异。夏黄牛 (61 3 % )、西黄牛 (60 8% )和皮黄牛 (5 8 2 % )屠宰率均显著高于黄牛 (5 1 2 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ,杂交组肉牛屠宰率间没有显著性差异 ;三个杂交组肉牛净肉率均显著高于黄牛 (P <0 0 5 ) ,虽然西黄和夏黄净肉率之间比较差异不显著 ,但是却分别显著高于皮黄。三个杂交组肉牛眼肌面积均比黄牛大 ,而杂交组之间没有显著差异 ;西黄和皮黄大理石纹状度较好 ,夏黄牛肉嫩度均不如西黄牛、皮黄牛和黄牛。四个组之间牛肉的PH和灰分指标没有差异 ,但是黄牛肉蛋白质含量分别显著高于三个杂交组牛 ,皮黄牛肉脂肪含量明显低于其他三组牛。  相似文献   

4.
雷琼黄牛具有良好的耐湿热、耐粗饲和抗逆性,是我国南方地区优良的肉牛品种,但生长速度慢、体格小,探索其杂交利用技术对提高养殖效益和新品种育成具有重要意义。本试验选取3～5岁健康雷琼黄牛与利雷杂牛(利木赞♂×雷琼黄牛♀)母牛各3头,屠宰后取11～13肋骨间背最长肌进行肉品质评价。结果发现：利雷杂牛和雷琼黄牛肌肉p H1h均大于6.0,p H24h均小于6.5,品种间无显著差异;3～4岁蒸煮损失及3～5岁压力失水率均显著高于同龄利雷杂牛;与雷琼黄牛相比,3～4岁亮度和黄度均显著提高;3岁利雷杂牛宰后24 h肌肉亮度和黄度均显著高于雷琼黄牛;利雷杂牛肌肉剪切力明显低于同年龄的雷琼黄牛,且随年龄增长而变大;利雷杂牛眼肌面积均显著高于同龄雷琼黄牛。本研究结果表明,不同年龄间雷琼黄牛与利雷杂F1代相比,3岁利雷杂F1代肉品质最佳。与雷琼黄牛相比,利雷杂牛眼肌面积增大,肉色鲜艳,肌肉嫩度增加,系水力增大。利用利木赞杂交雷琼黄牛能显著提高肌肉品质,是雷琼黄牛杂交改良的有效手段。  相似文献   

5.
秦川牛的染色体研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
对秦川牛(12♂,3♀)染色体的核型、G带、C带及Ag-NOR_s的研究表明:秦川牛品种内Y染色体存在多态现象,Y染色体有中、亚中和近端着丝点染色体。中和亚中着丝点Y染色体G带和C带与普通牛(Bos taurus)相同,近端着丝点Y染色体G带和C带与瘤牛(Bos indicus)相同。根据Y染色体多态性,讨论了秦川牛起源的多元性。统计了2002个细胞的Ag-NOR_s数目,每细胞Ag-NOR_s数变化范围3～10个,平均5.473±0.316。  相似文献   

6.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法在完全相同的实验条件下,测定了我国三大良种黄牛——秦川牛、晋南牛和南阳牛的血清乳酸脱氨酶(LDH)同功酶谱型。结果表明,三个黄牛品种血清LDH同功酶谱的基本特点是LDH_1>LDH_2>LDH_3>LDH_4>LDH_5,但也出现了LDH_5≥LDH_4和LDH_2≥LDH_1的情况。同时还发现部分秦川牛除表现正常的五条酶带外,又表现了一条新的酶带。不同性别健康牛血清LDH同功酶谱的比较表明,各品种内,公母牛之间基本上没有显著差异,只是LDH_3在南阳牛的公母之间达到显著水准(P<0.05)。不同品种间LDH同功酶谱的比较表明,秦川、晋南和南阳黄牛之间未表现明显差异,而与其它牛品种相比表现了一定的差异。  相似文献   

7.
四川黄牛的分类地位与染色体G带核型研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
龚荣慈  袁季广 《中国牛业科学》1992,18(1):19-24,F003
为了进一步研究四川黄牛的遗传特性及分类地位,本文以瘤牛(印度辛地红牛,我国海南牛)和普通牛(西门塔尔牛、成都黑白花牛)为对照,采用GTG技术进行四川黄牛G带核型研究。结果表明,四川黄牛G带核型与瘤牛相似,与普通牛不同。主要表现在Y染色体的形态和结构顺序上,四川黄牛和瘤牛Y=AG带带型:近端区至少2条暗带,远端为较宽明带,末端为狭窄暗带。普通牛Y=SM,长臂至少2条暗带、短臂为较宽明带,末端狭窄暗带,短臂G带分布与前两种牛长臂远端一致,可能是臂间倒位的结果。G带研究支持前文认为四川黄牛分类应属Bos indicus的研究结果。  相似文献   

8.
延边黄牛牛肉品质特性的研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  
本研究采用单因子试验设计,对我国著名的优良地方品种延边黄牛与利延一代(利木赞♂×延边黄牛♀)杂交牛背最长肌的肉质特性进行了深入的分析。结果表明:延边黄牛和利延一代杂交牛在肉质化学成分中脂肪含量高,延边黄牛的脂肪酸、矿物质和氨基酸含量丰富,具有良好的食用品质特性。分析结果表明:品种因子对肉中的脂肪含量、脂肪酸、必需氨基酸、总氨基酸和矿物质含量等有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的影响。比较而言,延边黄牛在肉质中表现出风味良好,营养高等优点;利延一代杂交牛表现出脂肪含量高、风味好,矿物质元素丰富,但必需氨基酸含量较低。  相似文献   

9.
[目的]确定育肥效果较好的湘西黄牛杂交组合。[方法]随机选择3个湘西黄牛杂交组合（黑安格斯牛X湘西黄牛、西门达尔牛X湘西黄牛、德国黄牛X湘西黄牛）的F1代6月龄犊牛,每个组合10头,组成试验组;随机选择6月龄湘西黄牛犊牛10头,组成对照组,对比分析试验组和对照组犊牛6、12、18、24月龄时的体重、平均日增重以及24月龄屠宰时的净肉率、肉质和经济效益。[结果]试验组犊牛各阶段的体重、平均日增重、净肉率和经济效益均优于对照组( P<0.01),试验组内以西门达尔牛X湘西黄牛组合为佳( P<0.01),试验牛以12～18月龄增重较快( P<0.01);对照组犊牛肉质优于试验组( P<0.01)。[结论]西门达尔牛X湘西黄牛是湘西黄牛育肥较好的杂交组合,杂交牛18月龄后出栏为宜。  相似文献   

10.
选择不同杂交品种肉牛和本地黄牛共40头,即西黄牛(西门塔尔牛×本地黄牛)、夏黄牛(夏洛来牛×本地黄牛)、皮黄牛(皮埃蒙特牛×本地黄牛)的F1和黄牛(本地黄牛)公牛各10头,进行了100d育肥饲养比较试验。结果表明:夏黄牛(1334g)、西黄牛(1309g)和皮黄牛(1121g)育肥期平均日增重均显著高于黄牛(827g,P0.05),西黄牛和夏黄牛平均日增重也分别显著高于皮黄牛,而西黄牛和夏黄牛之间没有显著差异(P0.05)。夏黄牛(61.3%)、西黄牛(60.8%)和皮黄牛(58.2%)屠宰率均显著高于黄牛(51.2%,P0.05),杂交组肉牛屠宰率间没有显著差异(P0.05);3个杂交组肉牛净肉率均显著高于黄牛(P0.05),虽然西黄牛和夏黄牛净肉率间较差异不显著(P0.05),但却分别显著高于皮黄牛(P0.05)。3个杂交组牛肉眼肌面积均比黄牛大,而杂交组之间没有显著差异(P0.05);西黄牛和皮黄牛牛肉大理石纹状度较好,夏黄牛肉嫩度不如西黄牛、皮黄牛和黄牛。4个组之间牛肉的pH和灰分没有差异(P0.05),但是黄牛肉蛋白质含量显著高于3个杂交组牛(P0.05),皮黄牛肉脂肪含量明显低于其他3组牛。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

16.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

17.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

19.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

20.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

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