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1.
杂交稻抗白叶枯病的遗传机制 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
8种不同胞质类型的不育系及其保持系与9个恢复系按P×Q交配设计分别配制不育系杂种和保持系杂种, 接种白叶枯病(Xoo)“强”致病力菌系ZHE-173和“弱”致病力菌系KS-6-6, 研究杂交稻抗白叶枯病的遗传机制。 结果表明： (1) 不育系或保持系、 恢复系以及不育系或保持系与恢复系间的互作对不育系杂种或保持系杂种抗性的影响均 相似文献
2.
对由7个滇I型不育系与2个恢复系组配的杂种F1及相应保持系的主要产量和品质性状及杂种优势进行分析。结果表明，保持系直链淀粉含量与杂种F1及杂种优势呈显著负相关，与胶稠度呈正相关，与其它性状相关不显著，但保持系在不同程度上影响杂种F1的性状表现。因此认为，可以通过改良保持系的某些品质性状来培育优质杂交稻。 相似文献
3.
籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用是实现杂交稻超高产育种目标途经之一,粳型亲籼系的选育和利用是籼粳交亚种间杂种优势利用的重要途经。作为籼粳亚种间超高产杂交水稻三系不育系选育方法之一,就是创造粳型亲籼不育系。该不育系必备不育系及胞质与保持系和籼稻恢复系具有遗传协调性;不育系基因组属于粳或粳偏籼型;对现有恢复系有很高的配合力;具有良好的农艺性状和不育特性;不育系对病虫抗性除主效基因外还应累积其他有效抗性基因。 相似文献
4.
几个水稻不育系对白叶枯病的抗性 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
测定了８对不育系（Ａ）和保持系（Ｂ）以及一些杂交稻组合对６个小种的４０株白叶枯病菌的抗性，比较了不同类型不育系对６个小种群的抗性差异。结果表明，冈型、印尼水田谷型和大多数野败型不育系的抗性很差，ＢＴ型的抗性较高。菌株Ａｈ２８对冈４６Ａ和野败珍汕９７Ａ的致病力强。比较了６个恢复系（Ｃ）和８个杂交组合对不同小种的抗性程度。结果显示，杂交稻的抗病性主要受父本（恢复系）核基因的控制，但同时又受不育胞质的影 相似文献
5.
利用分子标记技术聚合Pi-1和Pi-2基因改良三系不育系荣丰A的稻瘟病抗性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以籼型水稻材料BL122为稻瘟病抗性基因的供体亲本,三系不育系荣丰A的保持系荣丰B为轮回亲本,通过常规杂交、回交、田间农艺性状筛选和分子标记辅助选择相结合,将Pi-1、Pi-2两个基因导入到荣丰B中,获得5个带有两个目标基因的改良保持系纯合株系。利用广东省致病性代表的30个稻瘟病菌株进行人工接种鉴定,5个改良株系的抗性频率均为100%,而原始对照荣丰B的抗性频率仅为56.67%;自然病圃诱发鉴定5个改良株系的穗颈瘟均为1级,表现高抗,而对照为7级,表现感病。所有改良保持系株系与荣丰A杂交和回交进行不育系转育,根据农艺性状综合评价,筛选出不育性彻底、后期熟色好的三系不育系安丰A。利用该不育系与一批恢复系配组,其杂交稻组合均表现出良好的稻瘟病抗性和丰产性,显示出很好的应用前景。 相似文献
6.
甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育性的基因分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对３８４Ａ、２１７Ａ两个甘蓝型双低油菜细胞质不育系及其保持系、恢复系、杂种Ｆ１、Ｆ２及ａＢＣ１（不育系×杂种Ｆ１）、ｂＢＣ１（杂种Ｆ１×保持系）等群体中植株的育性观察和分析，初步查明３８４Ａ、２１７Ａ均属孢子体不育。雄性不育性是由细胞质中的不育基因和细胞核中的隐性基因相互作用的结果。３８４Ａ具有一对隐性不育核基因，２１７Ａ具有两对隐性不育核基因，且３８４Ａ的一对隐性核不育基因与２１７Ａ的任何一对隐性不育核基因不存在等位关系。３８４Ａ的基因型为Ｓ（ｒ１ｒ１），２１７Ａ的基因型为Ｓ（ｒ２ｒ２ｒ３ｒ３）。 相似文献
7.
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9.
哈克尼西棉细胞质雄性不育相关线粒体基因多态性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究棉花细胞质雄性不育的相关线粒体基因。【方法】利用线粒体基因atp A、atp6、atp9、cob、coxⅠ、coxⅡ、coxⅢ、nad3、nad6、nad9探针,对哈克尼西棉细胞质雄性不育系S、保持系F、杂种一代H进行限制性片段长度多态性分析。【结果】atp A、coxⅢ、nad3、nad6在3个材料间具有多态性。atp A、nad6基因探针与所有酶的杂交结果均显示出多态性,且在不育系与杂种一代中表现一致,而在保持系中差异明显。atp A/Eco RⅠ在3个材料中的杂交结果均显示2条带,其中1条2.2 kb的杂交带在3个材料中相同,另一条在不育系和杂种一代中大小为3.2 kb,而在保持系中为4.8 kb;atp A/PstⅠ杂交结果中,在不育系和杂种一代中的条带大小为17.0kb,而在保持系中为10.2 kb。nad6探针与4个酶的杂交结果均为不育系和杂种一代比保持系多1~2条杂交带。coxⅢ/Eco RⅠ在3个材料中均有1条2.5 kb的杂交带,但在保持系与杂种一代中比不育系多1条1.7 kb的弱带。nad3/Bam HⅠ的杂交结果在不育系与保持系中表现一致,而在杂种一代中缺少1条9.5 kb的杂交带。【结论】推测atp A、nad6基因参与调控不育系的形成,而coxⅢ、nad3可能受到恢复系核基因的调控,在不育系育性恢复过程中发挥较为重要的作用。 相似文献
10.
小麦K型不育系育性恢复基因的遗传分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选用K型不育系豫麦3号、S43及其相应的保持系,与恢复系豫麦2号和豫麦49组配了不育系//保持系/恢复系、不育系//不育系/恢复系和不育系/恢复系//保持系三种回交群体,对小麦K型不育系育性恢复基因进行了遗传分析。结果表明,不同恢复力的恢复系携带的恢复基因对数不同,恢复力较强的豫麦2号携带2对主效基因,恢复力较低的豫麦49仅携带1对主效基因。此外,还有微效基因对育性恢复起作用,这种基因不仅存在于恢复系中,也存在于不育系（保持系）中。在K型细胞质背景下,不携带恢复基因的雄配子的传递率很低,而雌配子传递正常。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献