共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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以东圣一号番茄为试验材料，初步研究了无压灌、滴灌和沟灌三种灌水方式对作物根区土壤水分条件、番茄的形态指标、水分生理指标和光合生理指标的影响。结果表明，无压灌溉通过调节作物根区土壤水分，优化了根冠比，提高了壮苗指数。无压灌溉和滴灌相对沟灌，减小了气孔导度和蒸腾失水，而光合速率并未降低，水分利用效率分别提高了51%和17.2%。 相似文献
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为了揭示施氮和加气灌溉对根区土壤环境及黄瓜产量的影响,以期为加气灌溉条件下黄瓜合理施肥、土壤环境改善和作物增产提供一定的理论基础与科学依据。本试验以黄瓜为供试作物,设置0、240、360 kg/hm~2 3个施氮水平和加气、不加气两种灌水模式,共6个处理。结果表明,与不加气地下滴灌相比,加气灌溉下土壤O_2含量提高2.0%,土壤温度和充气孔隙度略有增大,土壤呼吸显著提高了25.2%(P0.05),黄瓜的水分利用效率也有所提高,改善了黄瓜根区土壤环境。此外,在施氮量为240 kg/hm~2时进行加气灌溉,为作物根区土壤提供了充足的氮肥供应和良好的水气配合,使土壤中水、肥、气、热达到相对最优平衡状态,对黄瓜土壤呼吸、土壤温度以及水分利用效率的促进作用更为明显,黄瓜产量达到72266 kg/hm~2,显著高于其他处理(P0.05)。 相似文献
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循环曝气地下滴灌的温室番茄生长与品质 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
循环曝气滴灌可以大幅度提高灌溉水掺气比例,有效改善普通地下滴灌引起的黏质型土壤根区间歇性缺氧环境,提高作物生产力.以河南省中牟县黄河淤积黄黏土为供试土壤,以温室番茄为供试对象,研究循环曝气地下滴灌对番茄生理及品质的影响.结果表明,与普通地下滴灌(对照处理)相比,相同灌溉定额条件下曝气处理番茄果实前5次产量提高了29.15%;番茄的水分利用效率提高了20.72%.曝气处理气孔导度提高了30.51%,植物的生长活力得到增强.番茄果实维生素C含量提高了13.25%,可溶性固形物含量提高了8.62%,糖酸比提高了22.05%,而总酸含量和硬度分别下降了15.50%和11.19%.曝气处理最大根长增加了16.75%,根冠质量之比提高了25.81%.综合分析表明,曝气滴灌可显著促进黄黏土中番茄的生长,促进番茄果实成熟,有效提高作物产量,改善番茄品质. 相似文献
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日光温室黄瓜智能灌溉控制指标研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在日光温室中进行了不同灌溉土壤水分上、下限对黄瓜生长、生理指标、产量以及品质的影响的试验。在前期试验研究的基础上,在结瓜期设置了3个处理,灌溉土壤水分分别控制在75%~85%FC、70%~80%FC、65%~75%FC之间。研究结果表明:在结瓜期3种灌溉水平下的产量分别为:67.637、59.559、52.898 t/hm2,作物水分利用效率分别为:22.03、21.53和20.42 kg/m3。不同的灌溉水平对黄瓜的产量有显著差异,而对水分利用效率并没有形成显著差异。综合考虑不同灌溉水平对黄瓜产量、品质、水分利用效率等方面的影响,认为结瓜期灌溉土壤水分保持在75%~85%FC之间为宜。 相似文献
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试验设置了作物-皿系数kcp为0.6(W1)和1.0(W2)2个灌水水平、15 cm(D1)和25 cm(D2)2种滴头埋深和加气灌溉(O)、地下滴灌(S,不加气灌溉作为对照)2种灌水方式,采用3因素完全随机设计,共8个处理,以揭示加气灌溉不同灌水水平和滴头埋深对温室番茄根区土壤通气性、植株生长发育、产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:加气灌溉有效改善了土壤通气性,与不加气地下滴灌相比,土壤氧气含量增大了6.42%(P0.05),0~40 cm土层土壤体积含水率下降了5.29%。同时,加气灌溉下番茄植株茎粗和叶面积分别显著增大了4.55%和16.21%,开花日期推后了2 d左右,开花时长存在延长的趋势,果实干质量显著增大了23.57%,单株产量、单果质量和水分利用效率分别显著增大了29.04%、23.93%和28.11%。加气灌溉下番茄果实中番茄红素、维生素C、可溶性糖的含量和糖酸比分别显著增大了37.73%、31.43%、32.30%和45.64%。因此,加气灌溉在促进植株生长发育、提高番茄产量的同时有效提高了果实品质,改善了果实风味。灌水水平由0.6增大到1.0也明显促进了番茄植株的生长发育、提高了果实产量,虽然随果实中番茄红素、可溶性糖含量的下降,果实品质有所降低,但灌水水平对果实品质的影响效应低于加气灌溉,且灌水水平的提高和加气灌溉对番茄产量产生显著的交叉影响效应。因此考虑各处理对番茄生长发育、产量和果实品质的综合影响,kcp为1.0灌水水平下加气灌溉是本试验条件下较优的加气灌溉模式。 相似文献
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1 现代地下灌溉技术概要国内外从事节水灌溉的多数著名学者认为:地下灌溉不仅在机理上、技术上、经济上而且在生态环态保护、水资源保护等方面都是最有发展前途的灌溉技术之一。尽管现在还有不少问题需进一步实践研究,但已可进行大面积推广应用。1.1 地下灌溉技术类型与特点地下灌溉是指在地表以下作物根层土壤中建立一人工供给水分湿润带,通过土壤毛管运动满足作物根部吸水要求的灌溉技术。通常是用两种方法建立根区水分湿润带,一是在地下水位较浅地区,干旱季节利用沟渠节制闸等提高地下水位,以便藉毛管上吸作用供给作物水分,称为地下水… 相似文献
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无压灌溉埋管深度的机理性研究及大田试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内试验和大田试验,研究了无压灌溉方式下埋管深度对水分运移和作物生长的影响机理。结果表明,在不同埋深时湿润体形状均为球冠,但球冠高度不同;湿润体内含水率均在埋管深度附近达到最大值,并以灌水器所在平面为对称面对称分布;埋管深度对番茄根系的生长分布、早期生物量的积累和后期干物质在果实和茎叶中的分配比例都有影响;埋深10 cm时,番茄的水分利用效率、产量和品质最大,是温室番茄的最佳埋深。 相似文献
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Irrigation frequency is one of the most important factors in drip irrigation scheduling, and a proper irrigation frequency
can establish moderate moist and oxygen conditions in the root zone throughout the crop period. Field experiments on the effects
of irrigation frequency on radish growth and water use were carried out in 2001 and 2002. The experiment included six irrigation
frequencies: once every day, once every 2 days, once every 3 days, once every 4 days, once every 6 days and once every 8 days.
There was no significant difference among the six treatments on radish development and yield, but significant differences
in radish roots distribution and market quality were found. Radishes irrigated once every 3 days had well-developed roots
throughout the crop period, the lowest cracking rate and the least number of radishes of Grade 3. The observation results
of lysimeter in 2002 showed that radish evapotranspiration decreased as irrigation frequency decreased, and the general changing
tendency of 2-day ET of high irrigation frequency was related to that of 2-day evaporation. It is recommended that radish
irrigation frequency should be once every 3 days and the irrigation amount should be estimated according to the evaporation
of 20 cm diameter pan in the North China Plain. 相似文献
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温室番茄节水调质灌水方案评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为寻求日光温室番茄优质高效的灌溉制度,采用设置于温室番茄冠层齐平位置的水面蒸发测定装置,设计3种基于水面蒸发量的灌水间隔水平和4种灌水量水平组合处理,依据小区试验观测结果,分析确定了以番茄产量、水分利用率、单果重、可溶性固形物质量分数及果实硬度等5项指标为主的节水调质灌溉制度评价体系;在采用变异系数法确定出各指标权重的基础上,借鉴TOPSIS综合评价方法,建立了温室番茄节水、优质、高产相统一的综合评价模型,应用该模型确定基于水面蒸发量的温室番茄节水调质灌溉制度,即当累积水面蒸发量Epan达到10mm±2mm时进行灌溉,灌水量为0.9Epan,在产量不降低的情况下,提高了水分利用率,并在一定程度上提高了果实的营养品质和储运品质. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Water Management》2001,52(1):53-71
The influences of water quantity and quality on young lemon trees (Eureka) were studied at the University of Jordan Research Station at the Jordan Valley for 5 years (1996–2000). Five water levels and three water qualities were imposed via trickle irrigation system on clay loam soil. The primary effect of excess salinity is that it renders less water available to plants although some is still present in the root zone. Lemon trees water requirements should be modified year by year since planting according to the percentage shaded area, and this will lead into substantial water saving. Both evaporation from class A pan and the percentage shaded area can be used to give a satisfactory estimate of the lemon trees water requirement at the different growth stages. The highest lemon fruit yield was at irrigation water depth equal to evaporation depth from class A pan when corrected for tree canopy percentage area. Increasing irrigation water salinity 3.7 times increased average crop root zone salinity by about 3.8–4.1 times.The high salt concentration at the soil surface is due to high evaporation rate from wetted areas and the nature of soil water distribution associated with drip irrigation system. Then, the salt concentration decreased until the second depth, thereafter, salt concentration followed the bulb shape of the wetted soil volume under trickle irrigation. Irrigation water salinity is very important factor that should be managed with limited (deficit) irrigation. But increasing amount of applied saline water could result in a negative effect on crop yield and environment such as increasing average crop root zone salinity, nutrient leaching, water logging, increasing the drainage water load of salinity which might pollute ground water and other water sources. 相似文献
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节水灌溉水稻高产优质成因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析了宁夏引黄灌区控灌条件下水稻各生育阶段根系、茎杆、叶片、分蘖等生态指标和土壤肥力、土壤水分等土壤理化状况及水稻产量构成因素、稻米品质、水稻发病及倒伏指标。结果表明 :控灌水稻有显著的节水增产效果 ,水稻单产 1 0 3 98kg/hm2 ,增产幅度为 5.3 %,节约灌溉用水量 70 57.5m3/hm2 ,节水幅度达3 8.8%。稻米品质也相应提高 ,控灌水稻粗蛋白含量提高 0 .2 1 %,整精米率提高 1 .59%,垩白度和垩白率降低1 .1 2 %和 0 .2 9%。同时抗病虫害和抗倒伏能力提高 ,病株率降低 1 9.8%,病叶率降低 1 5.4 %,倒伏率降低1 8.3 %。控灌通过稻田水分的合理调控 ,改善了稻田根层土壤性状 ,促进了根系的生长发育 ,有效地协调了茎、蘖、叶、穗、粒的生长 ,形成较合理的群体结构和较理想的株型 ,茎杆粗壮抗倒伏 ,蘖叶早生快发 ,有效分蘖率高 ,叶面积指数增减过程合理 ,穗大 ,实粒多 ,千粒重高 ,品质好。实现了宁夏水稻在控灌条件下的节水高产优质 相似文献
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不同灌水量与灌水频率对加工番茄根系生长和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了了解不同灌水量和灌水频率对加工番茄根系生长和产量的影响,试验设置3个灌水定额和2个灌水频率.试验结果表明,加工番茄根系主要分布在(10,40］ cm土层(约占比63.20%~85.67%),随着土壤深度的增加,根系生长和干物质量逐渐减小;常规频率(F2)和低水(W3)有促使根系向深层土壤发育的趋势,高频灌溉(F1)和高水(W1)会促进根系在相对浅层的土壤范围内分布;相比常规频率,高频处理下土壤含水量波动较小,且保持在稳定的范围内.同时发现,土壤含水量、叶面积指数、干物质量和产量随着灌水定额和灌水频率的增大,均呈现出增加趋势;相同灌水频率下,高水和适水处理下加工番茄产量差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),但显著高于低水处理下加工番茄产量(P<0.05).综合考虑根系生长、产量和节约水资源,适用于西北地区加工番茄种植的较优灌溉制度为:75%ET0的灌水定额,灌水频率苗期一周 1 次,开花坐果期至拉秧期一周3次. 相似文献
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【目的】确定大田黄瓜最适宜的灌溉频率和灌水量。【方法】试验于2018年在华北水利水电大学农业高效用水试验场进行,以20cm标准蒸发皿的累积蒸发量(E20)作为灌水依据,灌溉处理分为2个灌溉间隔(I1:3d;I2:6d)和3种水面蒸发系数(K1:0.5;K2:0.7;K3:0.9),共6个处理,对黄瓜耗水特性、产量构成和水分利用效率进行了分析。【结果】黄瓜整个生育期耗水量在380~570mm之间波动,黄瓜的产量在18.2~46.1t/hm2之间波动。从不同灌水频率组合来看,I2K3处理的产量最高,其中,K3处理的早期产量最高,而I1与I2处理的水分利用效率无明显差异。果实数与灌水量之间、耗水量与产量之间均呈正线性相关关系。【结论】建议对于田间黄瓜栽培,灌溉间隔设置为6d,蒸发皿系数选择0.9为宜。 相似文献
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J.S. Pachpute 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(9):1251-1258
A package of water management practices including pitcher irrigation method and water conserving techniques of manure application and mulching is experimented for sustainable growth and improved production of cucumber crop in Makanya village in North Eastern Tanzania. The increase in total yield due to package of water management practices is 203 per cent and water use efficiency obtained is 12.06 kg m−3. The seasonal water requirement of cucumber crop under package of water management practices ranges from 146.30 to 198.10 mm, which is on an average 4.19 times less as compared to control treatment of can irrigation. The irrigation interval in package of water management practices is 4.9 times higher than the can irrigation method. The water and labour uses are reduced by 75.9 and 73 per cent, respectively in package of water management practices. The results showed that the self-regulative nature of pitchers and moisture retention by water conserving techniques is helpful in mitigating water stress in crop root zone. The moisture retention period in soil is increased assisting reduction of labour hours required in irrigation. In local context, the water management practices included in the package are easy to understand, adopt, operate and maintain. 相似文献