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1.
促进马蔺种子萌发的前处理方法探讨(简报) 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
马蔺(Iris lacteaPall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz)别名马莲、马兰、马兰花,是鸢尾科鸢尾属多年生宿根草本植物,根、花、种子均可入药[1]。该种分布于内蒙古、宁夏、青海、西藏等20多个省区,生长于荒地路旁、山坡草丛、盐碱草甸中,耐盐碱,耐践踏,根系发达,可用于水土保持,盐碱地、工业废弃地改造和园林绿化等[2,3]。马蔺种子具有很深的休眠,在人工栽培过程中,存在着当年播种出苗率低的现象,次年出苗率也不足30%[4]。关于破除马蔺种子休眠的研究报道很多,但是最终发芽率均不高[5],或者虽然得到了较高萌发率,但需要时间较长[6],李苗等[5]通过物理、药剂以及低温层积处理的单一或综合处理方法处理马蔺种子,得到的最高发芽率为14%,郭瑛等[6]对马蔺自然萌发试验表明其种子播种经过10个月的发芽率才达到73%,李志武[4]等研究发现,拌雪埋藏30d可使马蔺种子的发芽率达到83%-87%,但该处理方法只在常年积雪的地区才具有实意义。为了有效地破除马蔺种子休眠,促进其迅速、整齐地萌发,本文比较了机械破除种皮、酸蚀、层积等处理效果,探索可促进马蔺种子萌发的前处理方法。 相似文献
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马蔺种子的休眠特性及提高发芽率的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对马蔺种子的发芽率及体眠因为进行分析研究,结果表明:马蔺种子在正常情况下很难发芽,存在休眠现象,属综合性休眠;磨破种皮、赤霉素浸种、浓硫酸浸种均能提高马蔺种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数.用浓度为75×10-6 的赤霉素浸种能显著提高马蔺种子的发芽率.用浓硫磁浸泡马蔺种子,最适处理时间为1h,发芽率最高. 相似文献
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对马蔺种子的发芽率及休眠原因进行分析研究,结果表明:马蔺种子在正常情况下很难发芽,存在休眠现象,属综合性休眠;磨破种皮、赤霉素浸种、浓硫酸浸种均能提高马蔺种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数。用浓度为75×10-6的赤霉素浸种能显著提高马蔺种子的发芽率。用浓硫酸浸泡马蔺种子,最适处理时间为1h,发芽率最高。 相似文献
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为了寻找打破种子休眠的最佳途径,研究不同处理方式对紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响,试验采用培养皿纸床法以不同酸处理、碱处理、有机溶剂处理等14种方式处理紫花苜蓿种子,对其发芽率、发芽势、根长等指标进行测定。结果表明:14种处理方式均能有效打破紫花苜蓿种子的休眠而促进萌发,其中无水乙醇浸泡处理的发芽率最高(94.33%);10%氢氧化钠处理的种子幼苗根长显著高于其他处理(P0.05),综合比较以无水乙醇处理10 min效果最好。说明经过酸、碱、有机溶剂处理可以提高种子的发芽率,有效打破种子的休眠状态。 相似文献
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野生狭叶荨麻种子形态与萌发特性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以野生狭叶荨麻种子为材料,观测其外部形态和活力,分别采用15,20,25,30和35℃不同温度条件与50,100,300和500mg/L4种赤霉素浓度以及98%浓硫酸、35%氢氧化钠不同时间浸种,研究狭叶荨麻种子的萌发特性。结果表明,荨麻种子长958.72μm、宽534.85μm,当年收获的种子活力为83.25%,种子卵形,淡黄色,千粒重为0.1045g。最适萌发温度为25℃,发芽率为42.67%。用98％浓硫酸和35%的氢氧化钠处理,能提高其发芽率,酸蚀以5min、碱蚀以15min为宜,赤霉素浸种对发芽率无明显影响。 相似文献
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马蔺ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
根据正交试验设计原理,设计探索正交试验和细调正交试验以确定马蔺(Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz)ISSR-PCR反应体系中各成分的浓度,从dNTP、Taq酶、Pri mers、Mg2+4种因素对马蔺ISSR反应体系进行了优化,得到适合马蔺的ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系,即25μl的反应体系中含有dNTP 0.3 mmol/L、Taq酶1.5 U、Pri mers 0.4μmol/L、Mg2+2.5 mmol/L以及1×buffer和50 ng模板DNA。通过对马蔺ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系进行梯度退火试验,得到这条引物的最佳退火温度为52℃。这一体系的建立为今后利用ISSR标记技术研究马蔺遗传多样性奠定了基础。 相似文献
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试验采用水培法,探讨了低浓度Cd(15mg/L)和高浓度Cd(100mg/L)处理对马蔺植物的生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明,低浓度Cd对马蔺幼苗株高、地下部鲜干重的影响不显著,但对叶绿素含量存在显著影响;可促进叶片中可溶性蛋白含量、MDA,SOD和POD活性增加。高浓度Cd对马蔺幼苗株高、叶绿素a、b及地上鲜干重均存在显著影响,地下部鲜干重和可溶性蛋白含量虽低于对照(0mg/L),但没有显著性差异;MDA,SOD和POD活性显著增加。低浓度Cd和高浓度Cd处理下,叶片的叶绿素a/b比值较对照均增大,且叶绿素b下降幅度大于叶绿素a。高浓度Cd处理下马蔺对Cd的转移系数大于低浓度的,但均0.5,根系富集Cd的能力达75%,说明马蔺具有较强的耐Cd特性。 相似文献
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1选种选种的目的就是清除杂质,将干瘪的种子及杂草种子等杂质除去,以获得籽粒饱满、纯净度高的种子。清选方法可用清洗机选也可进行人工筛选,必要时可用盐水(1千克食盐加水10千克)或硫酸铵溶液选种。有些牧草种子有荚壳,使种子的出芽率降低;有些有芒或颖片,使种子流动性差,不便播种。因此,对这类种子在播种前应进行去壳、去芒的处理。去壳可用碾子碾压或碾米机处理;去芒可用去芒机处理。2硬实种子的处理2.1破种皮这是最常用的处理方法,通常选用石碾碾压,也可将一定数量的石英砂掺入牧草种子中,用搅拌器搅拌、震荡,使种皮表面粗糙起毛。处理… 相似文献
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以"中坪一号"野牛草[Buchloe dactyloide(Nutt.) Engelm]为试验材料,通过硝酸钾、赤霉素引发试验、种子解剖、电镜扫描、能谱分析等手段,分析限制野牛草试验材料发芽率低下的原因.种子引发试验参照碱蓬(Suaeda glauce Bge.)种子解除休眠的赤霉素(GA3)和硝酸钾(KNO3)浓度,分设0.5%硝酸钾和20,40,60,100 mg/kg赤霉素等处理.结果表明:野牛草种子休眠类型属机械休眠与生理休眠同时存在,且生理休眠占主导地位的综合休眠;野牛草种球外部的颖苞对种子的强烈束缚引起了机械休眠,而生理后熟是野牛草种子生理休眠的直接原因;赤霉素对休眠程度较深的去颖苞种子引发效果最好,且以60 mg/kg浓度为最佳. 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献