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《杂草科学》2019,(2)
通过田间药效试验,筛选对移栽稻田杂草具有较好防效的除草剂,为科学、安全、高效应用除草剂提供依据。结果表明,750 g a.i./hm~2 40%五氟·丁草胺悬浮剂+67.50 g a.i./hm~2 30%苄嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂或525 g a.i./hm~2 500 g/L丙草胺乳油+67.50 g a.i./hm~2 30%苄嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂可用于移栽稻田土壤封闭处理,其对一年生杂草的株防效分别为83.90%、76.19%,鲜质量防效分别为94.29%、86.31%。针对以稗草发生危害为主的田块,可用90 g a.i./hm~2 10%精■·氰氟乳油、1 620 g a.i./hm~2 90%禾草丹乳油、24 g a.i./hm~2 25 g/L五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂或120 g a.i./hm~2 100 g/L■唑酰草胺乳油+90 g a.i./hm~2 10%氰氟草酯乳油在苗后对茎叶进行喷雾处理,其株防效和鲜质量防效均在96%以上。 相似文献
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采用9.5%丙嗪嘧磺隆悬浮剂40m L、60m L、80m L/667m2、25g/L五氟磺草胺可分散悬浮剂80m L、120m L、160m L/667m2、100g/L氰氟草酯乳油70m L、105m L、140m L/667m2、20%双草醚可湿性粉剂20g、30g、40g/667m2防除粳稻直播田三棱草、稗草、鸭舌草、水花生、千金子等主要杂草,1次性喷施。药后10d对总草的综合防效7.86%~99.37%,药后20d综合防效4.69%~99.64%;丙嗪嘧磺隆、五氟磺草胺、双草醚3种除草剂之间及同种除草剂不同处理之间的综合防效无显著的差异,但显著高于氰氟草酯和清水对照。 相似文献
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农田杂草已成为云南省主要农作物——大豆生产的限制因素之一。在大豆与玉米间作条件下,采用土壤喷雾处理方法初步筛选了5种除草剂,并考察其防效和安全性及作物产量。结果表明:96%精-异丙甲草胺乳油、90%乙草胺乳油、33%二甲戊灵乳油、50%扑草净可湿性粉剂、96%精-异丙甲草胺乳油+50%扑草净可湿性粉剂对禾本科、阔叶草防效好,对莎草科防效稍差;施药后15 d的总草防效为90.86%～97.65%;施药后30 d总草防效为91.63%～99.85%,鲜重防效达91.98%～99.88%,大豆增产幅度为-1.34%～43.98%。5种除草剂对大豆都有一定的药害症状,但从防效和对安全性及作物产量的影响分析,96%精-异丙甲草胺乳油、33%二甲戊灵乳油、50%扑草净可湿性粉剂、96%都尔+50%扑草净可湿性粉剂等4种除草剂比较适合用于大豆与玉米的间作田块。 相似文献
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《中国植保导刊》2020,(7)
为明确多靶标除草剂协同使用对水直播稻田内抗性稗草的防除效果及对水稻的安全性,在长江中下游地区5省5地开展水直播稻田化学除草试验,采用封杀结合的二次化学除草技术,即播后苗前统一采用300 g/L丙草胺乳油土壤封闭处理,再在稗草3～4叶期喷施不同茎叶处理除草剂。发现使用40%氰氟草酯油悬浮剂、10%噁唑·氰氟乳油进行茎叶处理防除稗草的效果最好,药后35 d株防效均在98%以上;其次是23%五氟·氰氟草油悬浮剂、15%嗪吡·五氟油悬浮剂、100 g/L氰氟草酯乳油+360 g/L异噁草松乳油、3%氯氟吡啶酯油悬浮剂+300 g/L丙草胺乳油,药后35 d株防效均在85%以上;25 g/L五氟磺草胺油悬浮剂、50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂防除效果较差,药后35 d在浙江金华、湖北黄梅、湖南汉寿试验点的株防效均低于85%。将不同作用机制除草剂混配使用,可有效降低除草剂选择压,提高对抗性稗草的防效。 相似文献
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通过田间试验比较了20%双草醚可分散油悬浮剂、20%■唑·氰氟乳油、30%氰氟草酯·■唑酰草胺可分散油悬浮剂、20%■嗪草酮可分散油悬浮剂对直播水稻田主要杂草的防治效果,并对水稻安全性进行评价。结果表明：20%■唑·氰氟乳油、30%氰氟草酯·■唑酰草胺可分散油悬浮剂对水稻直播田千金子、莎草科杂草均有很好的防效,但对阔叶杂草防效差;20%双草醚可分散悬浮剂、20%■嗪草酮可分散油悬浮剂对水稻直播田禾本科杂草防治效果显著。20%■唑·氰氟乳油120 mL/667 m2处理对水稻产生轻微药害,其余处理均对水稻安全。30、45 d的株防效或鲜重防效、水稻增产率、药害情况数据表明,20%双草醚可分散油悬浮剂24 mL/667 m2适于直播水稻茎叶处理,其45 d的株防效、鲜重防效、增产率分别为94.89%、94.86%、16.13%。20%■唑·氰氟乳油70 mL/667 m2对千金子、莎草防效比较突出,适于直播稻田二次补充防除千金子、莎草。 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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Sj J. Gerbrandy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):269-276
The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days. 相似文献
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Zahida Iqbal Syuntaro Hiradate Akio Noda Sei-Ichi Isojima Yoshiharu Fujii 《Weed Biology and Management》2002,2(2):110-115
The allelopathic potential of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) was investigated. Field study showed that living buckwheat reduced weed biomass compared with plots without buckwheat. Laboratory study revealed that root exudates suppressed root and shoot growth of weeds and reduced weed dry weight. Sequential partitioning of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of buckwheat showed that the chloroform extract caused an 80% reduction in radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings at a concentration of less than 100 p.p.m. Fagomine, 4-piperidone and 2-piperidinemethanol were isolated and identified by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance from the chloroform extract. These compounds caused a 50% inhibition of radicle elongation in lettuce seedlings at concentrations of less than 100 p.p.m. These results suggest that compounds 1, 2, and 3 might act as allelochemicals and affect the growth or germination of different plant species. 相似文献