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中国重要海洋中上层经济鱼类生物学研究进展 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
中国海洋中上层鱼类的种类繁多,近几年来,其总产量占全国海洋捕捞总产量的40%左右。日本鲭、蓝圆鲹和鳀等中上层鱼类生活史大多为r选择型,资源更新速度一般比底层和近底层鱼类较快,因此其资源可持续利用的前景更为广阔。本文综述了中国重要海洋中上层鱼类渔业的发展概况,主要介绍了年产量位于前列的日本鲭、蓝圆鲹、蓝点马鲛、银鲳和鳀等5种鱼类生物学的研究进展,阐明了这些种类的种群鉴别和划分、洄游分布、越冬场、产卵场和产卵期、年龄和生长、摄食习性、生殖力和群体结构变化等资源生物学的研究现状,以及其资源量和可捕量的评估结果,并展望了其资源生物学研究的前景。 相似文献
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中国主要海洋底层鱼类生物学研究的回顾与展望 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
回顾了中国海洋主要底层经济鱼类资源生物学的研究历史和科研成果,并重点叙述了带鱼、小黄鱼、大黄鱼和绿鳍马面鲀等重要经济鱼类资源生物学研究概况.概述的内容包括地理种群及其产卵群体的鉴别和划分、生活史型的演变、种群和群体结构、种群数量变动、年龄组成和生长特性、摄食习性、性成熟周期、性腺成熟指数(GSI)、产卵群体生殖力、产卵场、索饵场、越冬场及洄游路线、资源量和渔获量、各种作业渔船的调整及其捕捞力量的限制措施等,并展望了中国海洋底层经济鱼类资源生物学研究的前景. 相似文献
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我国近海各海区由于海洋环境不同，鱼类区系及其生物学特性迥异，鱼类资源潜力也不一致。近年来某些底层鱼类资源呈现衰退现象，我国海洋渔业发展的前景如何，是众所关心的一个大问题。本文试图从我国近海鱼类区系和中上层鱼类生物学特性来探讨我国海洋渔业发展的前景，不妥之处，请批评指正。 相似文献
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黄河入海泥沙年际通量对莱州湾渔业资源结构的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2009年8月-2013年8月莱州湾海域渔业拖网调查数据,分析该海域渔业种群组成、优势种、空间分布和资源量的年际变动,以了解黄河入海泥沙通量对莱州湾渔业结构的影响.结果表明:(1)莱州湾渔业资源量整体呈下降趋势,主要以鱼类为主,甲壳类次之,头足类最少;鱼类中以中上层鱼类为主,网获量明显多于底层鱼类,但2011年8月底层鱼类稍多于中上层鱼类;(2)莱州湾渔业资源各年份的优势种有所变动,中上层鱼类和底层鱼类的优势种变动较大,甲壳类优势种变动较少,鱼类优势种组成存在年际更替现象,主要由经济价值高、个体大的种类向经济价值低、个体小的种类演替.主要优势种集中于斑鲦、矛尾鰕虎鱼、口虾蛄、小带鱼和日本枪乌贼等种类.2010年斑鲦大量暴发,为唯一优势种;(3)2009-2013年黄河入海泥沙年际通量与鱼类种数、底层鱼类数和渔业资源数存在显著相关性,与底层鱼类生物量存在极显著相关性.综上所述,黄河入海泥沙年际通量的变动对莱州湾渔业资源量和资源结构都产生了一定影响. 相似文献
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小型中上层海洋鱼类是重要的渔业资源,目前其捕捞产量约占到全球海洋渔获量二分之一。小型中上层海洋鱼类具有生命周期短、生长速度快、分布不均匀、易受环境因素影响等生物学特点,近年来,一些小型中上层海洋鱼类渔获量出现下降趋势,为保证其资源的可持续利用,对其进行准确的资源评估研究和制定合理有效的管理策略显得尤为重要。以文献计量统计分析为基础,对20多年来应用于小型中上层海洋鱼类资源评估的模型方法以及所需数据类型进行归纳与回顾,同时对模型中重要的参数估计、不确定性来源进行总结。分析认为,由于缺乏完整、准确的生物学信息导致无法对小型中上层海洋鱼类使用传统的资源评估方法进行评估,因此,其资源评估研究仍处在发展阶段。建议今后研究中应开展以下工作:1)努力提高现有模型的评估精度,尽可能考虑更多影响因素; 2)要进行长期系统的渔业资源独立调查; 3)充分利用体长等易获得数据,开发体长结构模型和基于生态系统的评估模型,降低模型选择的局限性。 相似文献
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2006年春、秋季黄海山东海域鱼类资源结构与数量分布 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
为了解山东近海渔业资源结构及数量分布现状,2006年春季(5月)和秋季(10月)利用疏目变水层双拖网对黄海山东海域进行了调查.数据分析结果表明,春季近岸浅水区资源量指数明显高于远岸深水区,以海州湾资源量指数最高;秋季,近岸浅水区资源量指数仍稍高于深水区,资源量指数以调查海域南部中间区域最低而海州湾最高.春、秋季调查各捕获鱼类50种.基于生物量的分析表明,按经济价值结构划分,春、秋季均以经济价值较低种类为主;按栖息水层划分,春季以底层鱼类为主,秋季以中上层鱼类为主;按适温类型结构划分,春季以冷温性种类为主,秋季以暖温性种类为主.春季生物量最高的3个种类为玉筋鱼(Ammodytes personatus)、鳀(Engraulisjaponicus)和方氏锦鳚(Enedrias fangi),秋季为鳀、青鳞小沙丁鱼(Sardinella zunasi)和玉筋鱼.春、秋季标准生物量谱的斜率均小于-1,表明种群生物量随着个体质量的增加而减少.鱼类资源组成以小型种类为主,春季鱼类平均体质量为2.36 g,秋季为3.34 g.春季平均个体质量小于10g的种类合计生物量占总生物量的95.74％,秋季则为82.09％.与20世纪80年代相比,本次调查期间鱼类的经济结构更加低质化;资源衰退的趋势虽有所遏制,但渔业资源尤其是传统经济种类资源并未根本恢复;优势种类更替明显,玉筋鱼的优势地位明显上升.根据研究结果认为,应将伏季休渔期提前. 相似文献
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以闽南-台湾浅滩渔场历次海洋科学调查获得的初级生产力为基础,在对该渔场的鱼类资源结构调查、浮游植物有机碳含量检测和生态效率的测算、52种主要经济鱼类的营养级及其有机碳含量的检测后,先采用营养动态模型和Cusing模型估算鱼类资源的生态容量(潜在生产量),然后应用Seetile模型分别估算中上层鱼类、底层鱼类的资源生产量,进而从鱼类资源生产量中分离出近底层鱼类的资源生产量,采用Gadima模式和MSY简单模式估算各生态类群的鱼类资源最大可持续开发量,并讨论它们的开发利用程度.估算结果:鱼类资源生态容量为98.62×104 t,最大持续可开发量为48.34×104 t.其中中上层鱼类资源生产量为56.90×104 t,最大持续可开发量为28.35×104 t,底层和近底层鱼类资源生产量分别为19.45×104 t和22.27×104 t,合计最大持续可开发量为21.27×104 t.底层和近底层鱼类实际年渔获量自1994年以来已连续9年超过其最大持续可开发量,呈过度捕捞.中上层鱼类实际年渔获量至今尚未超过其最大可持续开发量. 相似文献
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通过一个生产周期的调研,基本上掌握了巴基斯坦沿海渔场的分布情况。对主要捕捞对象生物学、渔期、渔汛的规律有了一定的了解,为指导捕捞生产起了很大的作用。使用网目尺寸25cm和1.5m网具的适渔性较强,捕捞效率也高。巴基斯坦沿海底渔资源开发力度较大,中上层及外海鱼类资源具有开发前景。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献