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维生素E为α、β、γ、δ-生育酚以及α、β、γ、δ-生育三烯酚等脂溶性维生素的总称,是一种在动物机体中无法合成或供给不足的营养成分,必须通过饲粮供给。其中α-生育酚活性最高,是维生素E在动物体内发挥作用的主要形式。维生素E具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎等生物活性,特别是在清除机体自由基、阻断脂质氧化等方面尤为突出,在动物生产中可提高生长性能、改善产品质量和提高机体免疫能力等。文章综述了维生素E的抗氧化作用机制及其在动物生产中的应用,旨在为维生素E作为饲粮抗氧化剂在动物生产中的应用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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维生素 E(VE)是一种脂溶性的天然抗氧化剂,是体内抗氧化防御系统中的重要成员,具有抗氧化或抗自由基、抗应激和提高机体免疫力的功能。由于家禽本身不能合成这种维生素,且现代家禽生产性能的遗传潜力较高,饲料消耗较少,以及现代高产品系家禽免疫力低;此外,在工厂化生产条件下,饲料中“天然 VE”较少,再加上饲料品质及存放等条件的改变,往往造成饲粮中 VE 缺乏。所以,在现代家禽生产中,向饲粮 相似文献
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维生素是维持和调节动物机体正常代谢的重要物质，是动物机体生物氧化还原反应过程中多种辅酶的重要组成部分，与蛋白质、核酸、脂肪和碳水化合物等物质的营养代谢都有密切关系，对鸡的生长发育和繁殖功能均有很大影响。缺乏维生素会导致体内生物氧化、能量供给等方面的代谢障碍，并表现出一系列症状。 相似文献
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维生素C在氧化还原反应和提高机体防护特性方面起着重要作用,是动物不可缺少的物质。除人、灵长类动物体内不能合成外,其他动物体内都能合成。但合成维生素C能力随动物种类而异。过去据资料报道,动物在正常情况下(不是逆境),体内合成维生素C是能满足需要的,动物在应激情况下,对维生素C需要是增加,维生素C抗应激作用明显。近来研究表明,动物机体合成维生素C的数量常常是不能令人满意的,对生长动物和高产情况下,饲料添加一定水平的维生素C是很必要的。据资料报道,维生素C有促进仔猪生长、提高仔猪成活 相似文献
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维生素是机体内不能合成的重要物质。如果身体内没有维生素供应,就会产生严重的缺乏症。体内合成某些维生素的能力随品种而异,例如维生素C仅是人和灵长类动物所必需的。家畜特别是反刍动物本身能够通过代谢,由葡糖醛酸合成L—抗坏血酸。近来的研究表明,机体合成维生素C的数量常常是不能令人满意的,至少对青年动物和在高产情况下。所以某些条件下,饲料中添加抗坏血酸是非常有用的。成年动物也如此,添加维生素C对提高生产性能有良好效果,如在应激条件下。 相似文献
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目前，集约化养禽业规定家禽的全价、平衡饲料，不仅包括基本的糖、脂肪等有机营养物质，同时也包含在机体物质代谢过程中执行重要作用的矿物质和维生素。动物机体内维生素代谢受多种因素影响，它与家禽的种类、基因型、年龄、生产性能、管理条件以及日粮中维生素与其它营养成分的配比有关。上述因素能改变维生素利用的效率，并相应地影响到动物的健康、生产表现和经济指标。 相似文献
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维生素A是动物体内所必需的营养素之一,具有促进骨骼发育、维持上皮组织完整性和动物繁殖性能、调节机体新陈代谢和胚胎发育、增强免疫力等功能。近年来,随着对维生素A对细胞和分子水平作用机制的进一步研究,维生素A对畜禽的免疫的影响的探究也逐步深入。文章就维生素A在畜禽免疫方面的最新研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
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P J Pascoe 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2000,30(4):757-772
Opioids are useful and potent drugs for the management of pain in small animal patients. They have a wide therapeutic index and can be given by a number of different routes. Some of these techniques (e.g., epidural and intraarticular) allow for the production of profound analgesia in a localized area of the body while limiting the dose and the side effects, and others provide a noninvasive method for the delivery of continuous analgesia (e.g., transdermal administration). 相似文献
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Comparative metabolism of copper 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
N R Brewer 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,190(6):654-658
Copper is required in trace amounts for many body functions. The prominent effects of Cu deficiency or Cu toxicosis differs greatly between animal species. Along with iron, Cu is necessary for the transfer of O2 via a cascade of enzymes so that energy may be available for vital body functions without overheating of the tissues through rapid oxidation. As a part of lysyl oxidase, Cu has an obligate function in the maturation of all connective tissue (including elastic tissue and bone) maintaining the form and integrity of all body organs. As a constituent of tyrosinase, Cu is involved in the formation of melanin, thus preventing albinism. Copper also is involved in the myelination of nerve fibers and the production of neutrophils, enkephalins, lipoproteins, and cholesterol. Copper must be properly sequestered to prevent toxicosis. Copper is stored primarily as metallothioneins and as superoxide dismutase and is transported primarily as ceruloplasmin or as low molecular weight proteins, peptides, and amino acids. 相似文献
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共轭亚油酸（CLA）作为一种天然的新型功能性脂肪酸,具有抗高血压、抗癌、抗糖尿病等生物学特性,其发挥不同作用的主要活性异构体不同。近年来,随着CLA人工合成成本的降低及动物营养领域研究的深入,发现CLA既可抑制促炎因子的表达和产生,促进抑炎因子的产生,达到抗炎的效果;又可调控淋巴细胞的增殖和分化、巨噬细胞的活性、促进抗体合成,调节机体体液免疫和细胞免疫,进而增强动物免疫力;CLA还可调节多种核转录因子的表达,影响脂肪酸的摄取和氧化及脂质的合成代谢,从而降低体脂沉积,提高肌内脂肪含量,改变脂肪酸组成,改善肉品质等。因此CLA在畜牧业生产中具有潜在的应用价值和广阔的市场前景。作者主要介绍了CLA在抗炎、免疫功能、脂质代谢和抗氧化等方面的作用,综述了CLA的生物学功能及其在动物生产上的应用研究进展。此外,还探讨了CLA作为饲料添加剂,其合成纯度,在不同种类动物、不同年龄阶段的最适添加量、饲喂方式等问题,旨在为其在动物生产中的合理应用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of cholecalciferol (D3) doses for maintaining adequate vitamin D status in crias and adult female alpacas at pasture. DESIGN: A field experiment during winter and early spring in a herd on a farm in South Australia. ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE: Crias, usually less than 6 months of age and female alpacas, aged 2 to 6 years, were given a single subcutaneous dose of 0, 1000 or 2000 IU D3/kg body weight. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH D3), phosphorus, calcium and vitamins A and E and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured at intervals over a period of 16 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: Crias not given a vitamin D supplement had reduced growth rate during winter and one animal showed clinical signs of rickets. Vitamin D treatment had no effect on the body weight of mature females. Vitamin D supplements increased the 25-OH D3 and phosphorus concentrations in plasma of both crias and adult females; alkaline phosphatase activity was not affected by treatment. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that for alpacas in southern Australia a subcutaneous dose of 1000 IU D3/kg body weight to crias in late autumn and again in mid winter and to adult females in mid winter should prevent vitamin D inadequacy. 相似文献
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Two nearly identical experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the coccidiostatic compound monensin on Polled Dorset lambs experimentally infected with oocysts of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae. Prophylactic medication at a dose level of 1 mg/kg of body weight was started 2 days before inoculation and prevented diarrhea and reduced oocyst production. Therapeutic medication at a dose level of 2 mg/kg, started with the appearance of signs of infection, reduced oocyst production below that of nonmedicated controls but did not eliminate diarrhea. Weight gains of medicated lambs were less than those of noninoculated, nonmedicated controls in both experiments. Apparently monensin, at the dose levels used, reduced oocyst production but also prevented weight gains as high as those in inoculated nonmedicated controls. 相似文献