共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 937 毫秒
1.
为对嘧菌酯在小麦生产上应用的安全性进行评价,采用田间试验,使用QuEChERS方法进行样品前处理,气相色谱法电子捕获检测器进行定量分析,对嘧菌酯在小麦中的残留动态及最终残留量进行了研究,并对小麦籽粒中嘧菌酯残留量进行了膳食摄入风险评估。结果表明,在0.01~1.0mg·kg~(-1)添加水平范围内,嘧菌酯在植株、籽粒空白添加的平均回收率为87.9%~108.4%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~6.2%,其最小检出量为5×10~(-12)g,植株、籽粒中的最低检测浓度均为0.01mg·kg~(-1)。该检测方法准确度、灵敏度高,重复性好,可满足嘧菌酯在小麦植株及籽粒中的残留分析要求。消解动态研究表明,嘧菌酯在小麦植株中的消解半衰期为3.3~4.3d。最终残留试验表明,20%嘧菌酯可湿性粉剂按施药剂量180、270g a.i.·hm~(-2),连续喷药2~3次,施药间隔7d,药后7、14、21d,嘧菌酯在小麦籽粒中的最终残留量均≤0.354mg·kg~(-1)。普通人群嘧菌酯的国家估算每日摄入量是2.43mg,占日允许摄入量的19.0%左右,因此,按本试验方式进行施药,不会对一般人群健康产生不可接受的风险。 相似文献
2.
高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺在小麦中的残留及消解动态分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了评价高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺在小麦生产上的安全性,建立了气相色谱测定的高效氯氟氰菊酯及UPLC-MS/MS测定噻虫嗪和噻虫胺的残留分析方法,并对高效氯氟氰菊酯和噻虫嗪在小麦籽粒、植株和土壤中的消解动态进行了研究。结果表明,高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在不同样品中的平均加标回收率为77.0%~105.6%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~11.1%;高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在小麦籽粒、植株和土壤中的最低检测浓度均为0.05 mg·kg-1,最小检出量分别为0.002 5、0.000 1、0.012 ng。高效氯氟氰菊酯在小麦植株和土壤中的半衰期分别为8.0~12.4 d和16.5~19.3 d;噻虫嗪在小麦植株和土壤中的半衰期分别为1.2~2.5 d和3.7~5.3 d;2014年和2015年,在哈尔滨、新乡和银川市三地以240 g·hm-2 和 360 g·hm-2 施药量分别施药2~3次,距最后一次施药14 d时,高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在小麦籽粒中的最高残留量均小于0.05 mg·kg-1,低于我国国家标准（GB2763-2016）。 相似文献
3.
噻虫嗪种子包衣对燕麦蚜虫和红叶病的控制效果及农药残留分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红叶病是由蚜虫传播黄矮病毒(BYDV)引起的燕麦上的重要病害,有效防治蚜虫可控制燕麦红叶病的发生。为了明确噻虫嗪种衣剂的应用效果和安全性,通过田间试验研究了噻虫嗪种子包衣对燕麦蚜虫和红叶病的防效及持效期,并采用高效液相色谱法测定了药物在植株和籽粒上的残留动态。结果表明,种子包衣处理后,燕麦单株蚜量和红叶病病情指数均低于对照,苗期至拔节期的蚜虫防效为77.71%～87.91%,红叶病防效为65.79%～82.89%;孕穗期至扬花期的蚜虫防效为58.45%～68.61%,红叶病防效为62.98%～64.14%,持效期长达90 d,可实现一次施药减轻蚜虫为害、控制红叶病的效果。残留分析表明,噻虫嗪种衣剂在燕麦植株中的残留动态符合一级动力学方程C=13.218e-0.0971t,半衰期为7.14 d,播种后60～100 d残留量为0.43～9.86 mg·kg-1,接近或超过了现有的草料MRLs值,此时不宜作为青饲料;播种110 d以后残留量≤0.06 mg·kg-1,可刈割青饲料或作为干草贮存使用。在燕麦籽粒中未检测到噻虫嗪。 相似文献
4.
为探明萎锈灵在大麦上的残留特性和安全性,通过田间试验和室内检测,研究了萎锈灵在大麦和土壤中残留的检测方法、萎锈灵在土壤中的消解动态及其在大麦和土壤中的最终残留量。结果表明,本检测方法对萎锈灵的最小检出量为0.002ng,萎锈灵在大麦植株、籽粒和土壤中的最低检测浓度分别为0.005、0.002、0.001mg·kg~(-1),添加回收率分别为78.9%~94.0%、92.4%~98.6%和90.6%~101.3%;相对标准偏差分别为1.3%~7.9%、1.8%~4.7%和0.9%~4.8%。萎锈灵在土壤中的半衰期为6.5~7.1d,药后14d消解率大于93%。400g·L~(-1)萎锈·福美双悬浮剂120、180g a.i.·100kg~(-1)种子拌种,收获期大麦籽粒中萎锈灵残留量均低于0.002mg·kg~(-1),说明400g·L~(-1)萎锈·福美双悬浮剂在大麦上使用是安全的。 相似文献
5.
6.
45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂对小麦纹枯病和蚜虫的防治效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对小麦纹枯病、蚜虫的防治效果及推广用量,室内试验以辽春10号为材料,研究了45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对小麦生长发育的影响及对纹枯病的防效;田间试验以济麦22和中麦895为试验材料,探索了45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC防治小麦纹枯病、蚜虫的推广剂量。结果发现,133~800g·100kg-1种子的45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对辽春10号发芽率、株高、根长及鲜重无明显影响;400~800g·100kg-1种子45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对辽春10号小麦纹枯病有较好防效。400~800g·100kg-1种子45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对中麦869纹枯病防效为66.4%~86.7%,明显高于对照药剂;对扬花末期蚜虫防效为95.8~97.3%,防效与对照药剂无明显差异;对济麦22纹枯病防效为55.8~62.7%,与对照药剂无明显差异;对扬花末期蚜虫防效为80.2~90.1%,与对照药剂无明显差异。45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂对小麦蚜虫和纹枯病具有良好防治效果,推荐剂量为400~800g·100kg-1种子。 相似文献
7.
为评价螺螨酯和螺虫乙酯在覆膜金橘中使用的安全性,研究了螺螨酯、螺虫乙酯及其代谢产物在覆膜金橘中的残留分析方法和残留动态规律,建立了金橘中螺螨酯、螺虫乙酯及其代谢产物的超高压液相色谱-串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）检测方法。结果表明,在0.002~2.5 mg/kg添加水平范围内,螺螨酯、螺虫乙酯及其4种代谢产物在金橘中的添加回收率为86.9%~101.2%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~6.8%,方法检出限为0.1~5.0 μg/kg,定量限为0.5~ 1.0 μg/kg。螺螨酯和螺虫乙酯母体在覆膜金橘中的消解符合一级动力学方程,消解半衰期分别为14.1 d和23.1 d。最终残留实验结果表明,按照推荐的施药剂量使用,施药2次后15 d收获,螺螨酯和螺虫乙酯在覆膜金橘中的残留量均低于最大残留限量值（均为0.5 mg/kg）。 相似文献
8.
为评价呋虫胺在水稻生态系统中的残留消解行为和产生的膳食摄入风险,于2014年在海南、湖南和黑龙江进行了规范残留试验,建立了高效液相色谱法（HPLC）的分析方法检测呋虫胺在水稻糙米、稻壳、稻株、土壤、田水中的残留,并对我国不同人群的膳食暴露风险进行了评估。样品经乙腈提取,NH2柱层析净化,高效液相色谱-紫外检测器（HPLC-UV）检测,外标法定量。结果表明,在0.02~0.5 mg/kg添加水平下,呋虫胺的平均回收率在75%~114%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在0.5%~19.0%之间;呋虫胺的最低检测浓度（LOQ）,稻株与稻壳中为0.1 mg/kg,糙米中为0.05 mg/kg,土壤与田水中为0.02 mg/kg;呋虫胺最小检出量（LOD）为0.08 ng。呋虫胺的消解基本符合一级动力学方程,半衰期在稻株中约0.5 d,田水中约1 d,土壤中约5 d。距末次施药后14 d糙米中呋虫胺的残留中值为0.058 mg/kg,最大残留值为0.13 mg/kg,低于我国规定的最大残留限量1 mg/kg。风险评估表明中国人群对稻米中呋虫胺长期膳食摄入的慢性风险较低。 相似文献
9.
采用气相色谱（GC-ECD）及田间试验方法,研究了溴虫腈在菜用大豆中的残留消解动态和安全使用技术。结果表明,溴虫腈在菜用大豆上的原始残留沉积量因不同施药处理而有所差异。其残留消解动态符合一级动力学关系,相关系数（︱r︱）=0.9438-0.9847（P〈0.01）;早季的消解系数（︱k︱）=0.13555±0.001955,半衰期（T1/2）为5.0-5.2 d,消解99%所需要的时间（T0.99）为33.5-34.5 d;晚季的︱k︱=0.12748±0.00268,T1/2为5.3-5.6 d,T0.99为35.4-36.9 d。按常规施药方法,在菜用大豆上施用溴虫腈（112.50 g·hm^-2）,在施药1次后17 d,早季豆的农药最终残留量为0.448 mg·kg^-1,晚季豆的农药最终残留量为0.519 mg·kg^-1;连续施药2次（间隔7 d）后22 d,早季豆的农药最终残留量为0.459 mg·kg^-1,晚季豆的农药最终残留量为0.536 mg·kg^-1,产品质量安全水平均符合美国规定的最高残留限量标准。 相似文献
10.
本研究建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）法检测甘蔗中噻虫胺残留量的方法。甘蔗植株、茎 秆及嫩稍样品经乙腈-水（V∶V=2∶1）提取,Envi-Carb 复合 PSA 固相萃取小柱净化,ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 色谱 柱分离,电喷雾正离子源（ESI+ ）多反应监测（MRM）模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明：采用 Envi-Carb 固相萃取 小柱,以乙腈为淋洗液,在小柱中添加 PSA 净化效果最好。在甘蔗植株、茎秆及嫩稍中分别添加 0.04、0.4、1 mg/kg 噻虫胺,平均回收率为 81.4%~109.1%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为 0.9%~10.9%。该方法的最小检出量为 0.4 ng,在甘蔗 中的最低检出浓度（LOD）为 0.04 mg/kg,能满足农药残留检测的要求。 相似文献
11.
Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
12.
Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
13.
种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
14.
ZHU Mingdong WEI Xiangjin XIE Hongjun TANG Guohua ZENG Xiaoshan WANG Jianlong HU Peisong YU Yinghong 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(5):401-406
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry. 相似文献
15.
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
16.
通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
18.
Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N2 fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N2 and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the Nmin-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N2 fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent. 相似文献
19.