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四川几个山羊品种(群体)与岩羊RAPD分析 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12
以两组40个随机引物，筛选出16个重复性好的多态引物。对四川5个山羊品种、藏山羊两个生态类型、3个杂交群体和岩羊共计113只个体，进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析。结果表明：16个引物扩增出67条带，其中54条带呈现多态。多态率为80．60％。山羊各群体共有条带为23条，山羊和岩羊共有条带为13条。岩羊有4条特异带。不同引物所扩增出的片段在各群体中分布频率不同。山羊群体间相似系数为0．8216—0．9362，其中，安哥拉山羊与建昌黑山羊杂交后代F2和F3之间相似系数最大。为0．9362。山羊各群体与岩羊相似系数为0．4996—0．5064。山羊群体间的遗传距离为0．0638—0．1784。山羊各群体与岩羊的遗传距离为0．4936—0．5403。高原型藏山羊与山谷型藏山羊间的遗传距离小(0．1005)、相似系数大(0．8995)。序列为TTCCGAACCC引物扩增出的片段为750bp，仅在高原型藏山羊中出现，可作为区分这两个生态类型的遗传标记。 相似文献
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研究采用随机片段长度多态性分析了攀西地区的5个黑山羊品种（类群）的遗传多样性。结果表明：15对引物共扩增出1003条多态条带,多态频率平均为99.01%,5个黑山羊群体的遗传多样性指数变异范围为0.0136~0.2131,其中建昌黑山羊平均遗传多样性指数最高（0.1346）,攀枝花黑山羊次之（0.1329）,乐至黑山羊最低（0.1101）。5个群体遗传距离范围为0.0062~0.0281,攀枝花黑山羊与建昌黑山羊之间的遗传距离最小（DR=0.0062）,云岭黑山羊与攀枝花黑山羊之间的遗传距离次之（DR=0.0128）,乐至黑山羊与金堂黑山羊间遗传距离最大（DR=0.0281）,金堂黑山羊与其它4个类群遗传距离较大（DR=0.0173-0.0281）,说明攀枝花黑山羊与建昌黑山羊的亲缘关系最近,与云岭黑山羊的亲缘关系较近,乐至黑山羊与金堂黑山羊的亲缘关系最远,金堂黑山羊与其它4个类群遗传距离均比较远。聚类结果与群体地理分布、生态条件差异情况基本一致。 相似文献
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应用RAMP标记分析长白山地区中国林蛙的遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用随机扩增徽卫星多态性DNA（RAMP）标记技术对长白山地区中国林蛙60个个体间遗传多样性进行了分析。以便为中国林蛙种质资源的保护和利用以及物种分化研究提供基础资料。结果表明：120个RAMP引物中。有14个引物组合可扩增出清晰且具多态性的条带。这14个引物组合共扩增出107条带,其中105条具有多态性,多态条带比率为98．13％。每个引物可扩增出3～10条多态性条带,平均7．5条。多态条带比率、Shannon多样性指数（I）以及Nei氏基因多样度（h）均显示长白山地区中国林蛙具有较为丰富的遗传多样性。RAMP标记遗传相似性系数（岱）变异范围为0．4860～0．8505,平均值为0．6634,以GS平均值0．6634为闻值,可将所有供试材料划分为10类,其中大部分个体归为同一类,群体内并没有形成较明显的遗传分化。 相似文献
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以两组40个随机引物,筛选出16个重复性好的多态引物,对四川9个山羊品种(群体)和岩羊共计113只个体,进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析.结果表明16个引物扩增出67条带,其中54条带呈现多态,多态率为80.60%.山羊各群体共有条带为23条,山羊和岩羊共有条带为13条,岩羊有4条特异带.不同引物所扩增出的片段在各群体中分布频率不同.山羊群体间相似系数为0.821 6～0.936 2,其中安哥拉山羊与建昌黑山羊杂交后代F2和F3之间相似系数最大,为0.936 2.山羊各群体与岩羊相似系数为0.499 6～0.506 4.山羊群体间的遗传距离为0.063 8～0.178 4.山羊各群体与岩羊的遗传距离为0.493 6～0.540 3.高原型藏山羊与山谷型藏山羊间的遗传距离小(0.1005)、相似系数大(0.899 5),序列为TTCCGAACCC引物扩增出的片段为750bp,仅在高原型藏山羊中出现,可作为区分这两个生态类型的遗传标记. 相似文献
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麦洼牦牛的RAPD分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用60个10碱基的随机引物对麦洼牦牛的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增。有7个引物扩增出了清晰且具多态性的条带，条带总数为34，其中有25条为可变条带，表现出多态性，多态频率为74％。根据Shannon公式计算出的7个引物扩增带频率的群体遗传多样性指数分别为：1．7955（OPA10）、0．6726（OPA13）、0．5433（OPB07）、0．0739（OPB10）、0．9919（OPA04）、1．4015（OPC06）、1．4514（OPK12），平均为：0．99，其平均百分比差异均值（MAPD）为40．41％。 相似文献
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RAPD标记与四川黑山羊表型性状的相关性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用16个多态性较强、重复性好的随机引物对四川黑山羊多个种群的成年（1.5～2岁）黑山羊96只个体的血样DNA进行扩增,16个引物共扩增出170条多态的RAPD条带.对给定的标记,将“有带（1）”、“无带（0）”两类个体看作独立样本,采用SPSS软件的Compare Means中的Independent-samples T Test来比较两样本各数量性状平均值的差异.并根据两独立样本间个体表型值的分布筛选与性状真实关联的分子标记.结果表明,在黑山羊群体中共筛选到5个分子标记分别与不同性状相关,其遗传基础可能是该标记与控制性状的QTL或主基因连锁. 相似文献
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西藏日土藏山羊ISSR标记遗传多态性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用ISSR标记分析西藏日土藏山羊的遗传多样性,为其保护和开发利用提供基础资料。从93条ISSR引物中筛选出10条对107只藏山羊进行分析,数据分析利用Excel和SPSS软件完成。结果表明,所筛选出的10条引物特异性较好且多态性较高,共扩增出112条清晰的条带,平均每条引物扩增出11.2条带,其中多态性条带75个,群体多态位点百分率(P)为66.96%,扩增片段大小为219～2534bp,群内个体间遗传相似性指数(s)为0.4600～0.7405,平均0.5647,个体间平均遗传差异(D)为0.4353。根据多态性位点在样本中出现的几率计算出多态性条带的基因频率(f),频率值的范围为0.0455～1.0000。西藏日土藏山羊的遗传多态性较丰富,个体间存在差异,但又具有较好的同质性。 相似文献
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利用ISSR标记分析几个家蚕品系的遗传多样性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用ISSR技术对6个家蚕品种和2个不同地域的野桑蚕群体进行了遗传多样性分析。通过6条ISSR引物扩增,共检测到66个位点。平均每条引物扩增的条带数为11条,其中65条具有多态性,多态位点百分率为98.48％。基于Ne＆Li遗传算法计算出各品种间的遗传距离,家蚕品种问的遗传距离为0．4286—0．6491。根据遗传距离,用UPGMA方法进行了聚类分析。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献