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探究不同除草剂对糜子(Panicum miliaceum)田杂草的防效以及对糜子生长发育的影响,为除草剂在糜子田的安全使用提供依据。试验以糜子品种‘榆糜2号’为材料,土壤封闭型除草剂330 g·L?1二甲戊灵乳油、10%单嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂在糜子播种后出苗前喷施;茎叶型除草剂36%唑草·苯磺隆可湿性粉剂、55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂在糜子三叶期时喷施。各除草剂选用推荐剂量进行喷施,喷施15 d后开始调查杂草鲜重,以此作为防效标准,糜子抽穗后调查糜子植株干物质积累、叶片叶绿素含量、农艺性状和产量。结果表明,单嘧磺隆和苯·唑·2甲钠杂草防效较好,鲜重抑制率达99.7%和88.4%;与不除草对照相比,除草剂对糜子地上部干物质积累、功能叶叶绿素相对含量有不同程度影响;4种除草剂提高了糜子主穗重,糜子产量均显著提高(P<0.05),其中单嘧磺隆与苯·唑·2甲钠增产效果显著,较清水对照增加了271.66%和275.34%。综上,土壤封闭型除草剂单嘧磺隆和茎叶型除草剂苯·唑·2甲钠杂草防除效果较好,鲜重抑制率在糜子全生育期均较高,对糜子产量提升最大,为糜子田较为适宜的除草剂类型。 相似文献
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不同类型除草剂的田间防效及其对裸燕麦带壳率和产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了筛选燕麦田安全高效的除草剂种类及其剂量,在甘肃中部地区开展了田间试验,选取72% 2,4-D丁酯、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸、48%麦草畏、50%草除灵、50%二氯喹啉酸、40%二甲·溴苯腈(2甲4氯钠含量20%、溴苯腈含量20%)、55%苯·唑·2甲钠(苯磺隆含量2.6%、2甲4氯钠含量50%、唑草酮含量2.4%)7种激素型除草剂和1种非激素型除草剂75%苯磺隆,每种除草剂设低、中、高3个浓度,研究不同处理对裸燕麦田杂草的控制及对裸燕麦带壳率和产量的影响。结果表明,72% 2,4-D丁酯药害严重,导致裸燕麦带壳率显著增加,不宜在裸燕麦田施用。除草剂对杂草的防效随浓度的增加而提高,燕麦种子产量也随除草剂及其浓度的增加而变化。结合安全性、杂草防效和种子产量,以40%二甲·溴苯腈1350 mL/hm2、55%苯·唑·2甲钠750 g/hm2在裸燕麦田的综合效应最佳,不仅防效高,而且持效期长;燕麦种子产量较对照分别增加21.26%和18.41%。 相似文献
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为了筛选安全高效的燕麦田除草剂,选用50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂和40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油两种除草剂,以不同浓度混配后施于燕麦田,研究其对燕麦田杂草的防除效果以及对燕麦安全性和产量的影响。结果表明:不同处理对杂草的防效差异显著(P0.05),混配处理的防效平均在75%,高于各单剂处理。药后15d40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂混配处理(1 400mL/hm2+225g/hm2)的株防效最高,为86.23%。药后30d的防效同样以40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂混配处理(1 400mL/hm2+225g/hm2)的最高,其鲜重防效可达到98.81%。40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂混配处理(1 400mL/hm2+225g/hm2)还能显著提高燕麦干草产量,与对照相比可增产16.4%,达到10 404kg/hm2。籽粒产量以40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂(700mL/hm2+225g/hm2)处理最高,为2 564.27kg/hm2,相比对照增产37.4%。 相似文献
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10种除草剂对裸燕麦田杂草的药效、燕麦产量及安全性影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为筛选出黄土高原半干旱地区裸燕麦田的适宜高效除草剂,研究了10种除草剂在常规剂量下对田间杂草防效、燕麦产量及安全性的影响。结果表明:不同除草剂在燕麦田的表现差异显著(P0.05)。其中,苗期茎叶除草剂双氟·唑嘧磺草胺和人工除草的防效较高,均在80%以上;而双氟·唑嘧磺草胺对产量的增效高于人工除草,可使白燕2号干草及种子产量分别达到10 739.0、3 238.3kg/hm2,比对照增产28.7%。其次,播前土壤处理除草剂仲丁灵和播后苗前土壤处理精异丙甲草胺也具有较好的防效和增产效果。而除草剂氟乐灵、乙氧氟草醚、唑草酮对燕麦田杂草防除效果较差,且对燕麦表现出一定的药害,2,4-D丁酯还可使裸燕麦籽粒出现带壳现象。各产量构成指标中,施用除草剂对燕麦的株高、穗长、千粒质量等影响较小,对小穗数、穗粒数、干草产量、种子产量有较显著的影响。 相似文献
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为筛选适宜在大豆(Glycine max)-玉米(Zea mays)带状复合种植田使用的土壤处理除草剂，本试验选用10种药剂，进行田间小区试验，测定除草剂对杂草的防治效果及对大豆和玉米的安全性。结果表明：在推荐剂量下，精异丙甲草胺、异丙甲草胺、乙草胺、唑嘧磺草胺、扑草净、噻吩磺隆、2,4-滴异辛酯对大豆、玉米安全；二甲戊灵对大豆有轻微药害，嗪草酮、西草净对大豆和玉米均有轻微药害，药后25 d恢复正常。推荐剂量下，精异丙甲草胺、异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、乙草胺对狗尾草和马唐防效在90%以上；唑嘧磺草胺和扑草净对反枝苋和藜防效在90%以上，其他药剂防效较低。在大豆-玉米带状复合种植田可优先选用精异丙甲草胺、异丙甲草胺、乙草胺防治禾本科杂草，选用唑嘧磺草胺或扑草净防治阔叶杂草。 相似文献
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为了筛选适宜燕麦(Avena sativa)田使用的安全、高效的混配除草剂组合,选用96%精异丙甲草胺乳油和10%苄嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂、57%2,4-D丁酯乳油和10%乙羧氟草醚乳油按照不同比例两两组合,混配后施于燕麦田,研究其对燕麦田杂草的防除效果以及对燕麦安全性和产量的影响。结果表明,不同除草剂处理对杂草的防效差异显著(P 0.05),混配处理的防效普遍高于各单剂处理。T5和T9对杂草的防效最好,但后者对燕麦有药害。综合安全性、除草效果及对燕麦的增产作用,筛选出综合效应最佳的混配组合,即57%2,4-D丁酯乳油438.5 mL·hm~(–2)+10%乙羧氟草醚乳油300 mL·hm~(–2)(T12);其药后30 d的鲜重防效达87.99%,燕麦干草产量为9 875.3 kg·hm~(–2),燕麦种子产量为4 314.3 kg·hm~(–2)。 相似文献
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野牛草（Bouteloua dactyloides（Nutt.） Columbus.）是我国北方地区广为应用的一种低养护暖季型草坪草,然而杂草的入侵和竞争会导致其草坪质量下降、建植延迟甚至失败。化学防治是常用的杂草防治手段,在有效防治杂草的同时,如何选择对野牛草生长影响较小的除草剂有待探讨。本文结合国内外相关研究报道对野牛草草坪不同建植时期使用较为安全的除草剂进行了总结。研究表明：成熟期的野牛草草坪对常用草坪除草剂耐受性较强,其中建植芽前比较安全的除草剂有二氯喹啉酸、扑灭津、氰草津、嘧草硫醚、咪唑乙烟酸、甲磺隆、甲磺草胺、硝磺草酮和胺唑草酮,苗期芽后比较安全的除草剂有唑草酮、二氯喹啉酸、二氯吡啶酸、氟硫草定、甲磺隆、玉嘧磺隆、三氟啶磺隆、甲磺草胺、三氯吡氧乙酸、甲酰胺磺隆、西玛津、硝磺草酮和胺唑草酮。本综述为我国合理推广和应用除草剂控制野牛草杂草的问题提供了一定的指导和参考。 相似文献
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为研究沟叶结缕草(Zoysia matrella)草坪杂草控制技术,采用田间试验,于沟叶结缕草休眠期喷施50%氟胺草唑WG,调查其对沟叶结缕草草坪杂草的防效以及对沟叶结缕草生长的影响。2011、2012年试验结果表明:于沟叶结缕草休眠期使用750~2 000 g·hm~(-2)50%氟胺草唑WG,沟叶结缕草生长安全,且能有效控制看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)、小飞蓬(Conyza Canadensis)、牛繁缕(Malachium aquaticum)、紫苑(Veronica persica)、波斯婆婆纳(Aster tataricus)和龙葵(Solanum nigrum)的危害,株数防效和鲜重防效均大于90%,持效期可达90 d以上。750~2 000 g·hm~(-2)50%氟胺草唑WG对看麦娘、小飞蓬、牛繁缕和紫苑的防效与56.25 g·hm~(-2)25%啶嘧磺隆WG之间无显著差异,而对波斯婆婆纳和龙葵的防效显著优于25%啶嘧磺隆WG。从高效、经济、环保等角度综合考虑,50%氟胺草唑WG防除沟叶结缕草草坪中杂草的适宜剂量为750~1 000 g·hm~(-2)。 相似文献
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在碱茅和芦苇人工草地中喷施不同量的甲黄隆、绿黄隆和阔叶净均可有效防除有害杂草刺儿菜（Ｃｉｒｓｉｕｍｓｅｔａｓｕｍ）。刺儿菜的株防效和鲜重防效均与施药量呈正相关。以喷施甲黄隆（２５％）２２．５ｇ／ｈｍ２或绿黄隆（２５％）４．５ｇ／ｈｍ２最好． 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献