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为了解环洞庭湖区鸭场低致病性禽流感隐性带毒情况,2011～2012年先后3次对东洞庭湖、南洞庭湖和西洞庭湖区的149个鸭场进行监测,在40个鸭场检测到低致病性禽流感病毒,场间阳性率为26.8％,其中有2个鸭场混合感染多种低致病性禽流感病毒.在鸭拭子和环境拭子中共分离到有H3、H4、H6、H9、H10、H11和H12等7种亚型的低致病性禽流感病毒,其中H3和H4亚型的分离率较高,拭子的病毒分离率为3.88％,表明在洞庭湖区鸭场低致病性禽流感隐性带毒情况较为严重. 相似文献
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为了解兴文县禽流感病毒在家禽中的免疫效果和感染流行情况,通过采集辖区内12个乡镇家禽规模养殖场、散养户、农贸市场和活禽屠宰点的660份禽血清样本和660份禽拭子样本,在实验室以血凝（HA）和血凝抑制试验（HI）检测血清中禽流感病毒H5亚型、H7亚型的抗体含量,并以实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测拭子中是否存在禽流感病毒H5亚型、H7亚型核酸。结果显示：660份禽血清样品中禽流感H5亚型抗体个体和群体合格率分别为89.24%、82.29%,禽流感H7亚型抗体个体和群体合格率分别为97.73%、87.50%;660份禽拭子样品中检出禽流感病毒H5亚型核酸阳性样品15份,阳性检出率为2.27%,禽流感H6亚型病毒核酸阳性样品6份,阳性检出率为0.95%,所有病毒阳性检出点均来自活禽屠宰点,未检出禽流感H7亚型病毒核酸阳性样品。结果表明：兴文县的禽流感H5和H7免疫抗体水平均符合国家强制免疫水平要求,且规模场抗体合格率优于农村散户,家禽养殖环节无禽流感病毒核酸（H5、H6和H7亚型）检出。活禽市场流通环节中均检测了禽流感病毒H5、H6、H7亚型,主要以禽流感病毒H5亚型居多,尤其是屠宰点的屠宰... 相似文献
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本研究针对福州市动物园野生鸟类与周边活禽市场禽类H9亚型低致病性禽流感病毒感染情况进行监测与分析。通过对野生鸟类及活禽市场禽类9目13科361份粪便拭子进行RT-PCR检测,发现有8目127份为禽流感病毒基因阳性,平均阳性率为35.18%,其中动物园鸽形目的禽流感病毒基因阳性率最高（53.33%）,其次为鸡形目（49.35%）;活禽市场雀形目的阳性率最高（46.75%）,其次为鸡形目（29.17%）;动物园中检出4例H9N2阳性,活禽市场所采样品中暂未发现H9N2阳性。 相似文献
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低致病性禽流感又叫非高致病性禽流感或温和型禽流感,他是指某些致病性低的禽流感病毒毒株（如H9N2亚型）感染家禽引起的以低死亡率、轻度的呼吸道感染或产蛋率下降等为临床症状,其本身并不一定造成禽群的大规模死亡。 相似文献
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低致病性禽流感又叫致病性禽流感、非高致病性禽流感和温和型禽流感,是指某些致病性低的禽流感病毒毒株（如H9N2亚型）感染家禽引起的以低死亡率和轻度的呼吸道感染或产蛋率下降等临床症候群,其本身并不一定造成禽群的大规模死亡。但感染后往往造成禽群的免疫力下降,对各种病原的抵抗力降低,常常易发生并发或继发感染。 相似文献
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为了解流通领域家禽新城疫的免疫效果和禽流感免疫效果及带毒情况,2013年7-9月,在肥东县某家禽交易市场,采集不同来源、品种和养殖模式家禽的血样和对应棉拭子样品（咽喉、泄殖腔双份）600份,采用微量红细胞凝集抑制试验（HI）分别进行新城疫和禽流感抗体检测,检测结果：H5亚型高致病性禽流感平均免疫抗体合格率54.39%;新城疫平均免疫抗体合格率86.92%;H7亚型禽流感抗体结果均为阴性。结果表明规模场和农户新城疫的总体免疫效果要好于禽流感;散养户禽流感（H5亚型）、新城疫和水禽禽流感（H5亚型）的免疫效果不好;家禽禽流感（H7亚型）的感染率很低,家禽交易市场应坚持做好常规消毒和病死家禽的无害化处理工作。 相似文献
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为了解拉萨市禽流感流行情况,2017年11月—2018年3月,在拉萨市6个养殖场和11个活禽交易市场,随机采集1 394份棉试子进行禽流感病毒分离和分型鉴定。结果显示： H9亚型禽流感病毒阳性率为2.87%,未检出H3、H5、H6、H7等其他亚型病毒;活禽市场H9亚型阳性率（4.64%）显著高于养殖场阳性率（0.35%,P<0.01）。结果表明,拉萨市高致病性禽流感流行风险较小,低致病性禽流感流行以H9亚型为主,且流行率不高,但应进一步加强养殖环节的防疫、检疫,以及活禽市场的清洗、消毒等工作,防止禽流感传入和流行。 相似文献
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为掌握铜仁市家禽高致病性禽流感病毒的感染情况,及时研判疫情风险,保障养禽业的健康发展,2020年12月至2021年3月在全市10个县(区)随机选择1个规模场(或种禽场)、1个活禽交易市场(或禽屠宰点),采集咽肛双棉拭子样品和环境拭子样品共计890份,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测高致病性禽流感病毒(H5、H7亚型)。结果：13个家禽规模场和9个活禽交易市场全部样品的高致病性禽流感病毒(H5、H7亚型)核酸检测均为阴性。结论：2020—2021年冬春季铜仁市养殖家禽无高致病性禽流感病毒(H5、H7亚型)感染,发生高致病性禽流感疫情的风险较低。 相似文献
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为监测河南省高致病性禽流感免疫抗体和野毒感染情况,笔者按照《河南省2022年动物疫病监测与流行病学调查计划》的要求,采用HI试验检测禽流感免疫抗体,采用荧光RT-PCR方法检测病毒核酸,在全省开展禽流感专项监测工作。结果表明,河南省高致病性禽流感免疫抗体群体合格率为93.2%,禽流感H5亚型平均个体抗体合格率为94.04%,H7N9亚型平均个体抗体合格率为96.32%。不同地区的禽流感H5亚型和H7N9亚型免疫抗体合格率均>90%,种禽场、商品代场和屠宰场采集的血清样本免疫抗体合格率均在92%以上。未检出H5亚型和H7亚型禽流感病毒核酸。共检出76份禽流感病毒H9亚型阳性样本,阳性率为2.07%。结果表明,河南省高致病性禽流感整体防控效果良好,免疫抗体水平均高于国家标准;未检出高致病性禽流感病毒,但有低致病性禽流感感染的现象。本次调查将为河南省进一步做好禽流感防控工作提供数据支撑。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献