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陈凤鸣陈佳亿李颖慧黄兴国 《动物营养学报》2019,(9):3944-3952
霉菌毒素是霉菌生长产生的次级代谢物,其高毒性和强致癌性严重威胁动物生产性能和人类健康,给畜牧业和食品工业带来巨大经济损失,因此,研究霉菌毒素的毒性机制具有重要的意义。霉菌毒素引起机体氧化应激,继而引发细胞毒性作用,如细胞凋亡、DNA损伤等。本文综述了主要的几种霉菌毒素吸收与代谢,重点阐述了由氧化应激介导的毒性作用,以期对霉菌毒素毒性机制有更加全面认识,为从缓解氧化应激的角度解决畜禽生产中霉菌毒素问题提供理论依据。 相似文献
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1霉菌毒素1.1霉菌毒素概况世界上已知的真菌有10000多种,其中有大约50多种真菌对畜禽和人类是有害的,它们可以产生毒素,统称为霉菌毒素。霉菌毒素是真菌在代谢饲料和饲料原料中的营养物质的过程中所产生的代谢产物。霉菌毒素对动物生产性能和人类健康的负面影响是极大的。据联合国粮农组织称,世界上约有25%的谷物不同程度地受到霉菌毒素的污染。影响食品和饲料的霉菌毒素主要有:黄曲霉毒素和环匹克尼酸(肝毒素,造成免疫抑制)、赭曲霉毒素和桔青霉毒素(肾毒素,造成痛风)、T-2毒素和DAS毒素(造成口腔溃烂,食欲不振,皮肤和胃肠道发炎)、烟曲… 相似文献
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<正>饲料在加工、储运过程中极易受霉菌污染,饲料一旦霉变,不仅其营养价值会降低,适口性会破坏,而且霉菌毒素会直接危害动物和人类的健康,甚至导致死亡,因此霉菌及霉菌毒素污染所造成的损失已引起人们的高度重 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2016,(6)
霉菌毒素主要是霉菌或真菌的次级代谢产物,毒性在动物体内的表现缓慢,虽不能引起动物死亡,但是会降低饲料的营养价值,影响生产力,给人类健康带来威胁。本文主要概述了饲料中的集中霉菌毒素,分析了其毒性,并提出了霉菌毒素的脱毒方法,减少霉菌毒素给人类健康造成的危害。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素是谷物或饲料中霉菌生长产生的有毒代谢产物,目前,人们已经发现了数百种霉菌毒素,这些毒素在动物体内有不同的毒性、代谢途径和靶器官。霉菌毒素造成的危害是一个全球性的问题,存在于几乎所有的饲料原料和人类食品原料中。2002年美国饲料年报中将霉菌毒素列为仅次于二口恶英的对人类食物链造成巨大威胁的危险因素。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素是一种存在于饲料和饲料原料中的抗营养因子,是由不同类属的真菌所产生的有毒代谢产物。而动物饲料中霉菌毒素的污染更是一个全球性问题。霉菌毒素既可在作物田间生长产生,也可在饲料仓储期间产生。霉菌毒素污染的饲料会引起肉雏鸡呼吸道疾病、腺胃炎、肌胃炎,急、慢性中毒症状甚至死亡,对家禽养殖户造成很大的困扰和经济损失。此外,毒素还会在动物的肉、蛋中残留,进而威胁到人类自身的健康。防止霉菌生长,去除霉菌毒素成为国内外研究的热点。 相似文献
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饲料中的霉菌毒素及其防制措施 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
霉菌毒素是由真菌或霉菌产生的次级代谢产物,在动物体中,霉菌毒素的毒性是慢性的,很少引起动物死亡。但是霉菌毒素的存在降低了饲料的营养价值,以及动物的生产性能,从而影响生产力,且霉菌毒素在畜产品(肉、奶等)中的残留会给人类健康带来严重威胁。作者主要介绍了饲料中常见的霉菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素、伏马菌素等),以及其毒性和危害,并从预防与去毒两个方面,阐述了霉菌毒素的防制措施,进而减少霉菌毒素造成的危害。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素是由不同种属真菌产生的次级代谢物,其对多种动物（包括人在内）具有显著毒性效果,如降低畜禽生产性能、损害脏器功能、影响机体免疫功能、造成细胞和DNA氧化损伤,甚至导致动物死亡等。饲料及其原料霉菌毒素污染是一个广泛的、全球性的问题,既可在作物田间生长时产生,也可在仓储期间产生,给畜禽养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失,防控霉菌生长及去除饲料中霉菌毒素已成为国内外研究的热点。实际上,不同霉菌毒素对不同动物的损害具有差异性,而在畜禽养殖过程中添加适当物质（如蒙脱石和酶制剂等）可有效抑制霉菌毒素活性,缓解霉菌毒素的毒性。作者详细论述了玉米赤霉烯酮、烟曲霉毒素、呕吐毒素、T-2毒素、黄曲霉毒素和烟曲霉毒素对畜禽的危害,并从物理、化学、生物角度介绍了削减饲料及其原料中霉菌毒素的方法,旨在为合理有效防控霉菌毒素毒害及保障畜禽健康养殖提供参考。 相似文献
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猫受~(60)Co—γ射线外照射后,导致血象、骨髓象及细胞化学明显改变。此变化与照射剂量有一定的依存关系,且有很强的时间性。3Gy以上剂量照射,导致造血系统的严重损伤,7～10d即发生正细胞正色素性贫血;1～2 Gy剂量照射,导致造血系统中等度损伤。血细胞对射线的敏感性,依次为淋巴细胞、粒细胞、血小饭、红细胞;骨髓细胞对射线的敏感性,依次为红细胞系统、粒细胞系统、巨核细胞系统,非造血系统细胞对射线不敏感。细胞化学中,DNA变化明显,而PAS、POX、NAP变化不明显,由此认为,DNA可作为放射损伤早期诊断的参照指标。 相似文献
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T Kosaka M Kuwabara F Koide 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(2):275-279
Induction of cell DNA fragmentation by treatment of recombinant human Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (rhTNF alpha) was examined by using mouse L929 cells derived from mouse fibroblast cells. The amount of DNA fragments derived from rhTNF alpha-treated cells, detected by alkaline elution technique, was smaller than that derived from X-irradiated cells. The rhTNF alpha caused the DNA fragmentation depending on its incubation time and concentration. The DNA damage caused by rhTNF alpha treatment correlated with its cytotoxicity. This result suggested that the DNA fragmentation is one of causes of cell death. The treatment with proteinase K of DNA obtained from rhTNF alpha-treated cells did not increase the amount of DNA fragmentation, which indicates that rhTNF alpha causes DNA-fragmentation but not DNA-protein cross-linking. 相似文献
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The relationship between cellular radiosensitivity and radiation-induced DNA damage measured by the comet assay 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Wada S Kurahayashi H Kobayashi Y Funayama T Yamamoto K Natsuhori M Ito N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(4):471-477
The relationship between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and the cell death induced by gamma-irradiation was examined in three kinds of cells, Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast CHO-K1, human melanoma HMV-II and mouse leukemia L5178Y. Cell survival was determined by a clonogenic assay. The induction and rejoining of DNA strand breaks induced by radiation were measured by the alkaline and neutral comet assays. L5178Y cells were the most radiosensitive, while CHO-K1 cells and HMV-II cells were radioresistant. There was an inverse relationship between the survival fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) and the yield of initial DNA strand breaks per unit dose under the alkaline condition for the comet assay, and also a relationship between SF2 and the residual DNA strand breaks (for 4 hr after irradiation) under the neutral condition for the comet assay, the latter being generally considered to be relative to cellular radiosensitivity. In the present analysis, it was considered that the alkaline condition for the comet assay was optimal for evaluating the initial DNA strand breaks, while the neutral condition was optimal for evaluating the residual DNA strand breaks. Since the comet assay is simpler and more rapid than other methods for detecting radiation-induced DNA damage, this assay appears to be a useful predictive assay for evaluating cellular clonogenic radiosensitivity of tumor cells. 相似文献
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M Hayashi T Kuge D Endoh K Nakayama J Arikawa A Takazawa T Okui 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(10):1109-1113
The amounts of DNA single strand breaks that are oxidative damage produced by copper were examined by comet assay in the liver cells of an inbred strain of Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats that spontaneously develops fulminant hepatitis. At 4 weeks of age, copper contents in the liver of LEC rats were approximately 30-fold higher than those of WKAH rats that are control rats used in the present study. Copper accumulated in the liver of LEC rats in an age-dependent manner and no significant differences were observed between copper contents in the livers of males and females at each week of age from 4 to 15 weeks. No significant amounts of DNA strand breaks were found in the liver cells of both male and female WKAH rats from 4 to 15 weeks of age. DNA strand breaks were produced in the substantial population of LEC rat liver cells at 10 weeks of age and induced in an age-dependent manner from 10 to 15 weeks of age. The amounts of DNA strand breaks produced by copper accumulation in the liver cells of female LEC rats are not more abundant than those in the cells of male rats, although it has been reported that hepatitis in female rats is more serious than that in male rats. 相似文献