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1978～1982年,在人工病圃试验调查了抗病品种连作1～5年的田间发病情况及生育产量。结果表明,抗病品种连作3年以上换种1～2年感病品种,比感病品种连作或只种1～2年抗病品种后换种感病品种,发病显著减轻,前者病害对棉花生育产量影响甚微。土壤病原菌菌量消长及土壤、病株中病原菌致病力测定,看出土壤病原菌量随抗病品种连作年限增加而减少,土壤病原菌致病力也有随抗病品种连作年限增加而减弱的趋势。抗病品种连作4年以上与只种1～2年抗病品种即改种感病品种或与感病品种连作相比,土壤病原菌量差异达极显著平准。土壤病原菌致病力差异达显著平准。 相似文献
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镰刀菌酸(FSA)是尖孢镰刀菌产生的主要毒素之一,对病害的发展起到主导作用,但是其产生及运输机制尚不清楚,明确镰刀菌酸在寄主体内的产生过程及运输方式对防控作物枯萎病的发生具有重要的理论意义。本研究以黄瓜品种津春4号和尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型菌 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) 为试材,进行温室营养液培养试验,对不同侵染时期植株体内的病原菌及镰刀菌酸进行定量分析,结合韧皮部烫伤及分根根盒装置,探究镰刀菌酸的运输及分配机制。结果表明,病原菌的侵染首先从根尖或者侧根原基侵入根系,随后侵入维管组织并局限在木质部导管中,快速大量繁殖并开始产生毒素镰刀菌酸,镰刀菌酸主要通过木质部运输到叶片,发病期(11 dpi)叶片中镰刀菌酸含量是根系中镰刀菌酸含量的10倍。病原菌主要借助镰刀菌酸加速植物萎蔫死亡,并且镰刀菌酸含量与病原菌数量的相关性关系呈显著正相关。本研究进一步明确了病原菌侵染与镰刀菌酸产生的关系,病原菌在根系定殖成功后快速繁殖进入潜育期,随后产生毒素镰刀菌酸,并通过木质部运往地上部,促进叶片萎蔫,加速病原菌进入腐生阶段。在实际生产中我们可以在病害发生前期,未产生大量镰刀菌酸之前加强田间管理,以抑制或减轻枯萎病的发生。 相似文献
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2014—2021年黔东南州水稻稻瘟病总体呈发生面积大、发生程度减轻,但年度间、地区间差异大的特点。分析得出,影响稻瘟病发生的主要因素有病原菌基数、气象因素、品种抗性、综合栽培措施等,据此提出了稻瘟病综合防治措施,为今后黔东南州稻瘟病的精确预测和科学防治提供参考依据。 相似文献
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对罗汉果青枯病菌的生长温度、pH、碳氮营养等生物学特性进行了测定。试验结果表明,罗汉果青枯病菌Lu L3菌株能在pH5.0～8.5和12～40 ℃的范围内生长,最适生长的pH范围为6.0～7.5,最适生长的温度范围为28～35 ℃。测试的6株病原菌株,其生长均能利用蔗糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、山梨醇、麦芽糖、甜醇和甘露醇作为碳源,利用蛋白胨、牛肉浸膏、酵母浸膏、硝酸铵、硝酸钾和脲作为氮源。气温、土壤种类和罗汉果的生育期对病原菌入侵寄主有影响。在20～35 ℃范围内,气温升高利于病原菌的入侵,病害发生严重;病原菌在黏土中入侵寄主容易,在壤土中入侵寄主困难;罗汉果植株越小越利于病原菌的入侵,花蕾期后,未观察到植株被病原菌侵染。接种病原菌Lu L3菌株后,12 h时植株的根表分离到接种的病原菌株;24 h时根内分离到接种的病原菌株;36 h时茎内分离到接种的病原菌株。 相似文献
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本文初步研究表明：真菌、细菌、病毒等均可在冷榨植物油中存活一段时间，进口冷榨植物油有可能作为植物病原菌的传播载体，特别是在毛菜油中发现禾谷类黑粉菌、锈菌孢子，说明对进口冷榨植物油的检疫是必要的。本文还对从植物油中分离植物病原菌的方法进行了探讨。 相似文献
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对罗汉果青枯病菌的生长温度、pH、碳氮营养等生物学特性进行了测定。试验结果表明,罗汉果青枯病菌Lu-L3菌株能在pH5．0～8．5和12-40℃的范围内生长,最适生长的pH范围为6．0～7．5,最适生长的温度范围为28~35℃。测试的6株病原菌株,其生长均能利用蔗糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、山梨醇、麦芽糖、甜醇和甘露醇作为碳源,利用蛋白胨、牛肉浸膏、酵母浸膏、硝酸铵、硝酸钾和脲作为氮源。气温、土壤种类和罗汉果的生育期对病原菌入侵寄主有影响。在20~35℃范围内,气温升高利于病原菌的入侵,病害发生严重;病原菌在黏土中入侵寄主容易,在壤土中入侵寄主困难;罗汉果植株越小越利于病原菌的入侵,花蕾期后,未观察到植株被病原菌侵染。接种病原菌Lu-L3菌株后,12h时植株的根表分离到接种的病原菌株;24h时根内分离到接种的病原菌株;36h时茎内分离到接种的病原菌株。 相似文献
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福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
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F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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Magdalina I. Luzhnova Lyudmila M. Shekhtman 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(3):205-210
The effect of meturine on the light processes of photosynthesis was studied.Meturine is a herbicide for weed control in potato and cotton crops. It is a N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea.The experiments were carried out on isolated pea and spinach chloroplasts.When examining photosystem I, reduced DPIP was used as an electron donor, whereas methyl-viologen served as an electron acceptor. When examining photosystem II, DPIP represented the electron acceptor.The obtained experimental results have pointed to the absence of the effect of meturine upon the photoreaction I.Unlike N-phenyl—N′, N′-dimethylureas (CMU, DCMU) meturine has been a very weak inhibitor of photoreaction II.The authors explain the photoreaction II inhibition of chloroplasts from plants treated with herbicidal doses of meturine by conversion of N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea into Hill reaction inhibitor(s). N-Phenyl—N′-methylurea can be one of such meturine metabolites.Meturine herbicidal action is accounted for by meturine transformation into Hill reaction inhibitor(s) in the plant tissues. 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Conventional models for the durability of resistant cultivars focus on the dynamics of the frequency of resistance genes. This leads to a definition of the durability of resistance as the time from introduction of the cultivar to the time when the frequency of the virulence gene reaches a preset threshold. It is questionable whether this is the most appropriate way to measure durability. Here we use a simple epidemiological model to link population dynamics and population genetics to compare three measures of durability: (i) the expected time until invasion of the virulent genotype, by mutation or immigration, and subsequent establishment of a population (T(invasion)); (ii) the virulence frequency related measure of the time for the virulent genotype to take-over the pathogen population ( T(take-over)); and (iii) the additional yield, measured by the additional number of uninfected host growth days (T(additional)). Specifically, we show how the measures of durability are affected by deployment and epidemiological parameters. We use a combination of numerical solution and analytical approximation of a model for the population dynamics of avirulent and virulent genotypes of a pathogen growing in dynamically changing populations of resistant and susceptible cultivars. The three measures of durability are compared. Some consequences of the results for durable resistance in multilines and mixtures and the regional deployment of resistant cultivars are discussed. 相似文献