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1.
自吉富罗非鱼养殖池塘水体、底泥和鱼体肠道中筛选无乳链球菌拮抗株。对其中1株抑菌能力最强的菌株LT3-1进行溶血性、形态、生理生化、16S rRNA基因序列测定,并进一步对其抑菌活性与发酵时间的关系、抑菌物质对温度的耐受性、产酶性能、降解亚硝酸盐性能、药物敏感性、安全性试验、攻毒试验进行研究。鉴定结果表明,菌株LT3-1为枯草芽孢杆菌,无溶血性。液体发酵16 h时,抑菌活性最强,抑菌圈平均直径为(25.30±0.57) mm。随温度的升高抑菌活性下降,但仍然存在,说明抑菌物质有耐高温特性。枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1具有水解蛋白、淀粉和纤维素的能力。亚硝酸盐降解试验表明,枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1菌液密度为10^5 cfu/mL时,6 h即可将亚硝酸盐质量浓度由2.5 mg/L降至0.03 mg/L,降解率达98.8%( P <0.05)。枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1对检测的9种抗生素均敏感,罗非鱼接种密度为10^7 cfu/mL的枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1菌液200 μL后,仍然存活且未有异常表现。动物攻毒试验表明,添加0.05%枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1菌粉的试验组罗非鱼存活率提高20%,显著高于对照组( P < 0.05 )。综上所述,筛选自吉富罗非鱼肠道的枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1能有效拮抗罗非鱼无乳链球菌,可以作为防治当地罗非鱼无乳链球菌病的良好菌种资源。 相似文献
2.
为了从对虾体内分离出的菌株中快速筛选出蜡样芽孢杆菌和溶藻胶弧菌,将蜡样芽孢杆菌与溶藻胶弧菌作为抗原,免疫SPF新西兰大白兔,获得免疫血清,效价均高于1:2000。将免疫兔血清作为一抗,HRP-羊抗兔血清作为二抗,建立了蜡样芽孢杆菌和溶藻胶弧菌快速检测的间接ELISA方法。此方法中,兔抗血清最佳稀释度为1:10000,菌液最佳包被浓度为106 CFU/ml;HRP-羊抗兔血清最佳稀释浓度为1:1000,可检测细菌最低浓度为104 CFU/ml。抗蜡样芽孢杆菌血清与苏云金芽孢杆菌有交叉反应,抗溶藻胶弧菌血清与其亲缘相近菌株无交叉反应,具有较强的特异性。2012年和2013年,分别从斑节对虾、中国对虾、凡纳滨对虾等9批样本中分离纯化到109株海洋细菌,利用建立的多抗间接ELISA方法对其中部分菌株进行快速检测,共检测出6株溶藻胶弧菌,未检测出蜡样芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
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实验采用BALB/c小鼠作为实验动物,旨在建立尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌毒力测定的BALB/c小鼠模型。BALB/c小鼠经腹腔注射尼罗罗非鱼源无乳链球菌建立感染模型,比较了尼罗罗非鱼源无乳链球菌分别感染尼罗罗非鱼和小鼠的LD_(50)差异,分别测定了不同毒力尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌对尼罗罗非鱼和小鼠的毒力。结果显示,小鼠经腹腔注射无乳链球菌,在24 h内出现死亡现象,且对小鼠脑、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏等组织造成损伤。3次测定尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌TFJ0901对尼罗罗非鱼和小鼠LD_(50)分别为7.7×10~7、2.2×10~8、3.5×10~9 CFU/mL和405、361、419 CFU/只。将无乳链球菌TFJ0901和THN0901感染尼罗罗非鱼(1.0×10~7 CFU/mL)和小鼠(100 CFU/只),尼罗罗非鱼和小鼠存活率分别为100%、6.7%±5.8%和100%、0,其存活率都具有显著性差异。将无乳链球菌TFJ0901和TFJ-F感染尼罗罗非鱼(3.0×10~8 CFU/mL)和小鼠(2 500 CFU/只),尼罗罗非鱼的存活率分别为73.3%±11.5%和80.0%±10.0%,存活率差异不显著,小鼠存活率分别为13.3%±11.5%和100.0%,存活率具有显著性差异。研究表明,本实验成功建立了BALB/c小鼠作为尼罗罗非鱼源无乳链球菌毒力测定的稳定模型,测定不同毒力的尼罗罗非鱼源无乳链球菌对小鼠毒力与对尼罗罗非鱼毒力一致,且该模型能够区分尼罗罗非鱼模型难以区分的毒力相近的无乳链球菌。 相似文献
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一株具水霉抑制特性的芽孢杆菌筛选及其分子生物学鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以水霉菌(Saprolegnia ferax)的生物防治为切入点,通过对本实验室保存的9株芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)与水霉菌JL菌株进行对峙拮抗试验,筛选出具有明显抑制水霉菌JL菌株的芽孢杆菌BA1(P<0.05)。经进一步测定菌株BA1对不同来源水霉菌株试验,结果显示菌株BA1对水霉菌株6#、10#、S2也有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05)。通过测定菌株BA1的16 S rDNA,利用BLAST软件进行同源性比对,发现与蜡样芽孢杆菌的同源性在99%以上。由此推测,菌株BA1为蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株,且具有明显抑制水霉菌作用,可以作为水产养殖上水霉病防治的生物制剂使用。 相似文献
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罗非鱼源蜡样芽孢杆菌分离、鉴定及药敏特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从福建漳州某养殖场患出血病死亡的罗非鱼肝脏、肾脏及脾脏分离到一株致病性菌株FJLF。对该菌进行了形态特征观察、理化特性测定及16S rRNA序列分子鉴定。生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列分析结果显示,分离到的FJLF株为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。人工感染该菌后发病鱼出现与自然发病类似症状,且从病灶中分离到与原感染菌一致菌株。腹腔注射后该菌株对罗非鱼的半致死剂量LD_(50)=2.30×10~6CFU/g。FJLF株对诺氟沙星、头孢噻肟、新霉素及卡那霉素等8种抗生素高度敏感;对环丙沙星、痢特灵、红霉素及链霉素中度敏感;对苯唑西林、青霉素、头孢拉定及阿莫西林等10种抗生素耐药。 相似文献
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《淡水渔业》2021,51(3)
为确定连云港市墩尚镇泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)白头病的病原菌,本研究采用常规微生物分离鉴定技术和分子生物学相关方法,对患病泥鳅进行病原菌的分离、鉴定并分析其药物敏感性,采用滤纸片抑菌圈法筛选了该病原菌的拮抗菌。从患病泥鳅病灶部位分离到1株病原菌并命名为W1,经人工感染发现体腔注射浓度为1.6×10~7 CFU/mL 0.1 mL菌液时泥鳅死亡率为80%,在1.6×10~7 CFU/mL浓度下创伤和浸泡感染死亡率为100%。通过形态特征观察、生理生化实验和16S rRNA基因序列分析,将该病原菌初步鉴定为维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)。药敏试验结果显示,该菌株对头孢克肟高度敏感,对呋喃唑酮、链霉素、庆大霉素和恩诺沙星中度敏感,对红霉素、环丙沙星、四环素等不敏感。筛选该病原菌的拮抗菌发现,解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)X8对维氏气单胞菌W1具有较强的抑制作用。 相似文献
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为获知近年广西罗非鱼链球菌病流行菌种及其基因型变化信息,采用特异PCR方法对2006~2012年从广西发病罗非鱼分离获得的77株临床菌株进行鉴定,并通过脉冲电场凝胶电泳(PFGE)对2006~2011年分离获得的37株流行菌株进行基因型分析。结果显示,其中20株鉴定为海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae,S.iniae)其余57株鉴定为无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae,S.agalactiae)。2006~2007年获得的19株流行菌株中有18株为海豚链球菌(94.7%),仅1株无乳链球菌;2009~2012年分离的58株流行菌株中56株为无乳链球菌(96.6%),仅2株海豚链球菌。PFGE图谱聚类显示,海豚和无乳链球菌分别聚类为两个大分支,20株海豚链球菌共产生4种PFGE带型,带型相似度在83.9%~100%之间;17株无乳链球菌共产生5种PFGE带型,带型相似度在47.4%~100%之间。研究表明,广西罗非鱼链球菌病流行菌种已从过去(2008年前)以海豚链球菌为主转变为现在(2009~2012年)以无乳链球菌为主;流行菌株PFGE基因型存在多样性。 相似文献
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根据无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)cfb基因序列,设计、合成2对引物,优化扩增条件,建立了快速高灵敏度鉴别无乳链球菌的巢式PCR方法。结果显示:使用该方法对罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)血液样品进行检测,可检测到活菌浓度为8.7×104CFU/m L的无乳链球菌。对采自广西地区受无乳链球菌感染的19份罗非鱼样品进行检测,18份可获得目的片段,扩增到的序列均为无乳链球菌cfb基因序列,检测准确度达到94.7%。 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2016,(4)
通过在饲料中分别添加2×10~7 CFU/g的芽孢杆菌制剂、中草药芽孢杆菌制剂、复合微生态制剂和中草药复合微生态制剂,研究4种微生态制剂对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长、肠道菌群及抗病力等的影响。结果显示:(1)饲料中添加4种微生态制剂均可显著提高罗非鱼的增重率(P0.05),对成活率和饲料利用率也有一定程度的提高(P0.05),而中草药复合微生态制剂对罗非鱼促进生长效果最佳。(2)饲料中添加4种微生态制剂可以显著提高罗非鱼肠道中的细菌总数、芽孢杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量(P0.05),大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组(P0.05),说明饲料中添加一定量的4种微生态制均可改善罗非鱼的肠道菌群结构,以中草药复合微生态制剂的改善效果最佳。(3)经人工感染无乳链球菌后,罗非鱼对照组全部死亡,4个实验组只有部分死亡。鉴定发现,吉富罗非鱼的死亡均由感染无乳链球菌所致,试验组罗非鱼的免疫保护率分别为51.42%(B组)、58.62%(C组)、58.62%(D组)和68.93%(E组),以中草药复合微生态制剂组的免疫保护率最高。综上所述,在饲料中添加一定比例的中草药复合微生态制剂可以提高吉富罗非鱼生长指标、改善其肠道菌群结构和增加抗病力。 相似文献
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《水产科学》2021,(4)
为提高罗非鱼链球菌病发前的早期预警,根据海豚链球菌的16S rRNA基因的部分序列和无乳链球菌的Sip基因特异性序列,分别合成特异性检测引物,经过对反应体系和反应条件的优化,建立检测较低含量的无乳链球菌和海豚链球菌的分子技术。试验结果显示,所建立的双重PCR可扩增出870 bp无乳链球菌和614 bp海豚链球菌的特异性片段,而迟钝爱德华氏菌、维氏气单胞菌、创伤弧菌、温和气单胞菌、溶藻弧菌、大肠杆菌均为阴性;无乳链球菌和海豚链球菌基因组DNA最低检测量分别为9.84×10~(-5) ng/μL和9.30×10~(-5) ng/μL,菌液最低检测量分别为2.76×10~3 cfu/mL和2.51×10~3 cfu/mL,远低于其半致死密度10~7 cfu/mL;对无乳链球菌和海豚链球菌混合感染的模拟临床样品的检出率为100%。研究结果表明,该分子技术的特异性较强、灵敏度较高、检出率较高,可用于较低含量的无乳链球菌和海豚链球菌的快速鉴别,为罗非鱼链球菌的早期预警分子检测提供技术支持。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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