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盐角草幼苗对盐离子胁迫生理响应的特性研究（简报） 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
研究盐角草幼苗对不同盐离子处理和不同水平盐度的响应和体内的盐分分布,试图探索离子吸收分配与其高盐适应的关系。结果表明,与对照相比,等渗条件（－０．８８ ＭＰａ）下处理１２ｄ,不同盐处理均明显刺激盐角草幼苗生长,其鲜重、干重、肉质化程度显著增加,其中ＮａＣｌ处理的肉质化程度促进效应最大。等渗条件（－０．８８ ＭＰａ）下处理２４ｄ,ＮａＣｌ处理的生长促进效应更明显,其幼苗肉质化程度显著高于其他处理,Ｃｌ－ 处理仍然保持一定的生长促进效应,而Ｎａ＋ 处理的幼苗生长明显受到抑制。盐角草幼苗的生长既需要Ｎａ＋ ,也需要Ｃｌ－ ,３００～４００ ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ为其生长的最适浓度,盐角草对高盐的适应性主要在于植株维持Ｋ＋ 稳态的能力很强,其Ｎａ＋ 、Ｋ＋ 吸收和Ｋ＋／Ｎａ＋ 选择性相关的耐盐机制与非盐生植物显然不同,推断盐生植物盐角草很可能具有各自独立的Ｎａ＋ 、Ｋ＋ 吸收载体或通道系统。其差别可能正是盐生植物与非盐生植物耐盐性不同的原因所在。 相似文献
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规模化养猪场环境细菌的调查与分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为掌握规模化养猪场周围环境中的细菌数量与种类,以便为养猪场细菌性疾病的预防与控制提供依据,本试验在贵州省2个具有代表性的规模化养猪场中采集空气、饮用水、排污水、土壤和粪便样本进行细菌总数检测和优势菌落鉴定,结果显示,2个猪场的空气、饮用水、排污水、粪便和土壤样本细菌总数相应为(1.17~94.40)×104 CFU/m3、(0.15~1.83)×102 CFU/mL、(5.00~32.00)×105 CFU/mL、(0.46~26.40)×106 CFU/g和(0.30~52.30)×105 CFU/g,主要优势菌是葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、耶尔森菌、变形杆菌、巴氏杆菌、李氏杆菌、芽孢杆菌和梭状芽孢杆菌等。这些结果显示,除饮用水和土壤外,其余样本的细菌总数都符合国家规定的畜禽养殖场环境卫生要求,但存在一些条件致病菌或致病菌,这为养猪场细菌性疾病的预防与控制提供了重要的参考数据。 相似文献
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试验旨在明确T淋巴细胞在中国恒河猴各组织中的表型与分布,为疾病模型研究提供基础数据。取外周血、腹股沟淋巴结、肠系膜淋巴结及肠道组织,从中分离出淋巴细胞。使用流式细胞术检测分析各种表型的淋巴细胞在组织间的分布。结果表明,淋巴结中CD4+ /CD8+ T细胞比值高于外周血,肠道固有层中最低,三者差异显著。记忆性T细胞在外周血和肠道固有层T细胞中比重较大,而淋巴结中主要为幼稚T细胞。CD4+ T细胞中中心记忆T细胞Tcm为主要亚群,而CD8+ T细胞主要为效应记忆细胞Tem。外周血与肠道固有层中增殖T细胞比例相当,而淋巴结中T细胞增殖水平相对较低。各组织中CXCR4受体表达量普遍高于CCR5受体,其中肠道固有层CCR5受体表达水平最高。值得注意的是,有一小群表型CD3+ CD4+ CD8low的细胞仅在肠道固有层中存在,经分析其功能活性应高于肠道CD4单阳性T细胞。因此,测定了健康中国恒河猴各表型T淋巴细胞在多种淋巴组织中的基础数值,为相关模型研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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目的通过给SD大鼠灌喂石榴汁,研究其体重增加和粪便及盲肠内容中鞣花酸及尿石素A含量,为深层次研究鞣花酸及尿石素A的生物学作用提供数据支持。方法选择24只平均体重为（169.08±7.88）g的雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组,每组8只,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组。在相同日粮基础上,试验Ⅰ组大鼠每天每只灌喂1.5 mL石榴汁,试验Ⅱ组大鼠每天每只灌喂3.0 mL石榴汁,并获取大鼠体重数据及采集粪便及盲肠内容物样品。结果①试验Ⅱ组大鼠日增重显著（P<0.05）高于对照组,比对照组高36.32%;②灌喂石榴汁显著（P<0.05）增加大鼠粪便鞣花酸和尿石素A的含量;③灌喂石榴汁后,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组大鼠盲肠中鞣花酸和尿石素A的含量均极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组。结论给大鼠灌喂石榴汁可以显著提高大鼠体重,显著或极显著提高大鼠粪便和盲肠内容中鞣花酸和尿石素A的含量,且灌喂3 mL/（只·d）效果最佳。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究体外制备SHIV-KB9病毒中国恒河猴细胞适应株,在细胞水平和中国恒河猴体内评价其生物学特性。 试验将SHIV-KB9半长质粒连接后转染CEMx174细胞,转染上清与正常恒河猴PBMCs共培养。定期测定培养液中的P27抗原水平。当病毒复制达高峰期时收集培养上清,分装并冻存,测定病毒RNA载量和TCID50。静脉感染中国恒河猴,研究该批次SHIV-KB9在体内的病毒学、免疫学指标变化及变异情况,分析其基本的生物学特性。结果表明,本研究共制备了95 mL SHIV- KB9病毒原液,病毒载量为2.678×105 拷贝/mL,TZM-bl细胞测定病毒的TCID50为3.16×103/mL,gp120序列分析表明病毒未发生变异。10倍稀释的3个不同浓度的SHIV-KB9均静脉成功感染中国恒河猴,引起外周血CD4+/CD8+大幅下降。因此,此次制备的SHIV-KB9细胞适应株生物学特性稳定,适合作为毒种库建立SHIV-KB9/中国恒河猴模型。 相似文献
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试验旨在探讨藏红花素（crocin）的抗氧化应激作用对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟及后续胚胎发育能力的影响。在体外成熟（IVM）培养液中添加不同浓度藏红花素（0、5、10、15、20、25、30 μmol/L），小鼠卵母细胞在体外成熟培养12 h后，检测卵母细胞第一极排出情况、卵母细胞胞质内活性氧（ROS）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量，并进行体外受精（IVF）；体外受精后6 h统计受精率，24 h统计卵裂率，96 h统计囊胚率。结果显示，与对照组相比，10、15 μmol/L藏红花素显著提高了卵母细胞第一极体排出率（P<0.05）；当藏红花素浓度继续增加时，卵母细胞的第一极体排出率下降，30 μmol/L藏红花素显著降低了卵母细胞第一极体排出率（P<0.05）；5、10、15 μmol/L藏红花素均显著降低了卵母细胞ROS含量（P<0.05），10、15 μmol/L藏红花素均显著提高了卵母细胞GSH含量（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，10 μmol/L藏红花素组受精率、卵裂率、囊胚率差异均不显著（P>0.05），15、20、25、30 μmol/L藏红花素均显著降低受精率和囊胚率（P<0.05），对卵裂率影响不显著（P>0.05）。结果表明，在小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中添加10 μmol/L藏红花素可以显著增加第一极体排出率，显著降低卵母细胞ROS含量、提高卵母细胞GSH含量，但对受精后的胚胎发育无显著影响。 相似文献
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试验探究了短期灌喂民猪源贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2对SD大鼠生长、血液生化与免疫、肠道菌群等相关指标的影响，拟为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌在畜禽中的应用提供参考依据。选取21日龄、体重相近、SPF级健康SD雌性大鼠共24只，将其随机分成2组，每组6个重复，每个重复2只。预饲期3 d。试验期，对照组灌喂生理盐水0.2 mL/d，试验组灌喂猪源贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2菌液0.2 mL/d；每天灌喂1次，连续灌喂7 d。35和45日龄，每个重复随机选取1只大鼠处死采样。结果表明，短期灌喂贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2有增加末重和日增重、降低日采食量和料重比的趋势（P>0.05）。短期灌喂贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2显著降低了35日龄大鼠血浆中甘油三酯浓度和IgA、TNF-α的水平（P<0.05），以及45日龄大鼠血浆中IL-6的浓度（P<0.05），并显著提高35日龄大鼠血浆中IgM的浓度（P<0.05）；对35日龄大鼠肠道菌群无显著影响（P>0.05），可显著降低45日龄大鼠放线菌门和变形菌门的比例（P<0.05）。综上所述，短期灌喂贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2可以调控SD大鼠的脂代谢、免疫力和肠道多种菌群的丰度。 相似文献
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葡多酚对肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
试验旨在探讨日粮中葡多酚对肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响。选用1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡公雏鸡240只,随机分配到对照组及试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组4个处理组中,空白对照组饲喂基础日粮(不含葡多酚),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加葡多酚7.5、15、22.5 mg/kg,试验期42 d。结果表明,在0~3周龄,试验Ⅲ组采食量最高,生长速度较快;在3~6和0~6周龄,试验Ⅰ组日增重和饲料效率最佳,而试验Ⅱ组略低于对照组。葡多酚对肉仔鸡的免疫器官发育无显著影响,7.5 mg/kg葡多酚有增加肉仔鸡外周血中CD3+、CD8+、αβ和γδ T细胞数量的潜力。因此,肉仔鸡日粮中添加适量葡多酚可促进生长,调节免疫机能。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献