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1.
European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a widely consumed marine fish in Mediterranean areas, and different farming techniques are applied for fish culturing to satisfy the growing demand for seafood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of conventional and organic feed on the quality of cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) collected during the growth period. The concentrations of ash, moisture, essential macro‐elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P), micro‐elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) and toxic elements (As, Cd, and Pb) were determined in feeds and in fillets of cultured fish. The results were compared to those obtained from wild sea bass. Results showed that the differences between organic diet‐fed and conventional diet‐fed sea basses varied in relation to the specific element measured and the growth period. The former showed higher concentration of Fe, Mg and Cr, and lower Na content. The amount of P, Na, Fe, Cu and Cr in wild sea bass was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than that found in farmed fish. The levels of toxic elements in cultured sea bass were always within the allowed limit for fishery products. Wild samples had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher content of arsenic and lead than farmed sea bass. Cultured fish represent a valuable dietary source of essential macro‐ and micro‐elements. Controlled rearing systems and feedings were related to a decrease in the presence of some toxic metals in cultured fish compared with wild fish.  相似文献   

2.
This paper compares and discusses the accumulation of eight heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn and Zn) and total phosphorus (TP) in surface sediments from five intensive farms of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis aureu, Asian seabass Lates calcarifer and white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (n=75). Results indicate that the sediments were significantly contaminated by Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn and Zn as well as P. The mean concentrations of Cd (0.47 mg kg?1), Co (2.25 mg kg?1), Cu (31.56 mg kg?1), Pb (23.45 mg kg?1), Fe (1.15%), Mn (145.5 mg kg?1), Zn (41.5 mg kg?1) and TP (750.69 mg kg?1) in tilapia farm surface sediments were significantly lower than the levels observed in Asian seabass and white shrimp farm surface sediments, where the concentrations were, respectively, Cd – 2.69 and 2.35 mg kg?1, Co – 17.66 and 15.22 mg kg?1, Cu – 116.84 and 110.03 mg kg?1, Pb – 38.5 and 33.26 mg kg?1, Fe – 3.4% and 3.31%, Mn – 853.61 and 728.5 mg kg?1, Zn – 105.21 and 83.92 mg kg?1 and TP – 1445.63 and 1069.8 mg kg?1. The heavy metal content of the sediments follow the order: Asian sea bass>white shrimp>tilapia. Cadmium and Cu in Asian seabass and white shrimp farm sediments would pose a major potential risk. Further, the sediment is highly enriched by Fe, P, Mn and Co.  相似文献   

3.
We used spectrometry to study variation in the contents of minor (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and major essential elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P) in the muscle tissue and digestive glands of Octopus vulgaris after 1, 2, 4 or 8 days of starvation and in fed controls. The contents of the major essential elements remained constant during 8 days of starvation. Na was the principal element found in both tissues, followed by K, P and Mg. The contents of the minor essential elements were higher in the digestive gland than in the muscle tissue, with increased contents of Fe, Mn and Zn (p < .05) during starvation, confirming the high capacity of this organ to accumulate trace minerals. In muscle tissues, B, Fe and Mn contents were lower and Cu and Zn contents higher, in starved animals than in fed animals (p < .05). Significant negative correlations between the digestive gland index and the contents of Cu, Fe and Zn suggested that the loss of weight of the digestive gland during starvation is responsible for this increase in mineral concentration. This and further information on variation in mineral content will help to optimize performance of diets formulated for the octopus.  相似文献   

4.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary manganese (Mn) requirement for juvenile hybrid grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus × E. fuscoguttatus. The basal diet was formulated to contain 520 g/kg crude protein from casein and fishmeal. Manganese methionine was added to the basal diet at 0 (control group), 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg Mn/kg diet providing 7.48, 10.34, 13.76, 19.72, 31.00 and 53.91 mg Mn/kg diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of juveniles, and each tank was stocked with 20 fish (initial weight, 60.06 ± 0.68 g). The manganese content in rearing water was monitored and kept below 0.01 mg/L. Results showed that the weight gain ratio (WGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), specific growth rate (SGR), Mn contents in whole body, liver and vertebra, and activities of hepatic Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD), total SOD (T‐SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) were significantly improved by dietary Mn supplementation (p < .05). However, dietary Mn did not affect arginase (DArg) activity. The highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in fish fed the basal diet (p < .05). No significant differences were found on the Cu and Zn contents in whole body by supplementing dietary Mn. Supplemented Mn in diets had significantly effect on liver and vertebral trace element deposition (p < .05). Fish fed the basal diet had the highest Fe and Zn contents in vertebra (p < .05). There were no significant differences on hepatic pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activity with supplemented Mn levels below 13.76 mg/kg. As biomarker of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver was significantly higher in fish fed the basal diet (p < .05). Using the broken‐line models based on SGR, dietary Mn requirement of the juvenile hybrid grouper was estimated to be 12.70 mg/kg diet.  相似文献   

5.
为比较铺设海马齿生态浮床的鱼、贝混养池塘(实验塘)和鱼、贝单一养殖池塘(对照塘)的养殖质量,实验采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定黄鳍鲷、尼罗罗非鱼、鲻3种鱼的鳃、内脏和肌肉及近江牡蛎、泥蚶两种贝类软体部分的Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb 5种重金属含量,并进行食用安全性评价;同时,测定了两种模式下养殖的黄鳍鲷与尼罗罗非鱼肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸组成及一般营养成分,以进行肌肉品质评价。结果显示,实验塘中各种水产品食用部分的重金属含量均未超过国家水产品相关限量标准;对照塘中近江牡蛎软体部分中Cu和Cd的含量分别为57.113 mg/kg wet wt.和1.163 mg/kg wet wt.,泥蚶软体部分中Cd含量达到1.231 mg/kg wet wt.,均超过了限量标准。黄鳍鲷、尼罗罗非鱼、鲻3种鱼类肌肉的安全性评价结果显示,两组鱼肉的摄入均不会对人体健康造成潜在威胁。实验塘黄鳍鲷肌肉中的鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于对照塘,而实验塘尼罗罗非鱼肌肉中氨基酸总量TAA、必需氨基酸总量EAA、鲜味氨基酸含量DAA均显著高于对照塘(P0.05);实验塘两种鱼肌肉中粗蛋白和多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,饱和脂肪酸含量低(P0.05)。研究表明,实验塘鱼体肌肉的营养价值高于对照塘,且肉质更加鲜美。  相似文献   

6.
Thirty groups of twenty juveniles each of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, initial average weight 23.93 ± 0.80 g) were fed diets containing increasing amounts (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of levels used by the tilapia feed industry) of organic trace mineral (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Se) supplementation for 56 days. Growth was not affected by the dose of mineral supplementation. However, body protein increased in fish fed intermediate doses of organic minerals, reaching a maximum at 40.44% supplementation. Doses >50% showed mild damage to the intestinal tissue. Body Fe, Zn and Cu deposition were highest at 28.32%, 24.43% and 78.45% supplementation, respectively. Tilapia could modulate intestinal morphology when fed different doses of organic minerals. As the supplementation doses increased, hemosiderin staining increased in the distal intestine and total body Fe content, indicating that the distal region of the intestine plays an important role in iron excretion by tilapia. Supplementation of organic trace minerals at intermediate doses does not harm Nile tilapia growth, but excessive trace mineral supplementation can impair body protein retention and promote histological alterations in the gut.  相似文献   

7.
In previous studies, combined inclusion of Zn, Mn and Se in early weaning diets improved larval growth, but suggested a potential toxicity by one of these elements. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the single inclusion of Zn, Mn, Se or Cu, their combination (Control+) or their absence (Control?) on larval diets. At the end of the trial, survival was significantly (p < .05) lowest in fish fed C+ diet (17.16 ± 7% mean ± SD), followed by that of larvae fed Mn diet (21.91 ± 7%). The highest survival was obtained by Cu diet (35.27 ± 15%), followed by C? diet (34.58 ± 9%). Cu and Se supplementation significantly improved total length and body weight, in comparison with the C? fish. On the contrary, fish fed Mn and C+ showed the lowest growth. Supplementation with Zn or Cu significantly increased CuZnsod, whereas gpx was significantly upregulated in fish fed Se and C+ diets. ARA/EPA level was significantly highest and DHA/EPA lowest in larvae fed the Cu diet in fish fed C+ diet. The results pointed out the importance of supplementation with Cu, as well as Se and Zn, on early weaning diets for gilthead sea bream, and the potential toxic effect of Mn.  相似文献   

8.
虾夷扇贝组织中微量元素的分布特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究了虾夷扇贝闭壳肌、外套膜、内脏团、瓣鳃和性腺中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Pb和Cd等元素的分布特性。试验结果表明,内脏团中的Cu显著(P<0.05)高于其他各组织,其他各组织间差异不显著(P>0.05);闭壳肌中Zn的含量显著(P<0.05)高于内脏团、外套膜、瓣鳃和性腺中的含量;Fe含量内脏团和瓣鳃中显著(P<0.05)高于性腺、闭壳肌和外套膜;各组织中Mn的分布特性为瓣鳃>闭壳肌>性腺>内脏团>外套膜;Pb的分布特性为内脏团>闭壳肌>性腺>外套膜>瓣鳃;内脏团中的Cd占全贝总量的67%,显著高于其他组织。因此,约占全贝质量10%的内脏团蓄积了较高含量的Cu、Fe、Pb和Cd,尤其是Cu和Cd(分别约占全贝蓄积总量的71%和67%),食用时去掉内脏团,可保证虾夷扇贝的食用安全和较高的食用及营养价值。  相似文献   

9.
成体瘤背石磺不同组织中的重金属含量及其评价   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
采用原子吸收法测定了瘤背石磺栖息地(崇明北支芦苇滩涂)的水质、土壤及成体瘤背石磺不同组织中的各项重金属含量,并与相应的国家标准进行了比较。结果表明:瘤背石磺栖息地的水质和土壤基本符合相应的国家标准,仅土壤中的Cu和Zn含量略超过国家标准《土壤环境质量标准》,污染指数分别为1.39和1.09。瘤背石磺肝胰腺中积累了较多的Cu、Zn和Fe,含量分别高达314.33、258.33和192.40μg/g组织湿重,两性腺中的Zn含量为309.33μg/g组织湿重,显著高于其它组织(P<0.05),肌肉和卵黄腺中的重金属含量均较低。除Cd含量外,瘤背石磺肌肉中的其它重金属含量均符合国家标准《农产品安全质量:无公害水产品安全要求》中的规定要求,但是肌肉中Cd含量远低于CAC标准(国际食品法典委员会标准)规定的2.0μg/g湿重。  相似文献   

10.
Two basal diets M0 and V0 were formulated with marine and plant based ingredient composition. Seven experimental diets were prepared from the two basal diets namely M0, M100, V0, V30, V60, V100 and V150 by incorporating different levels of a micromineral premix (Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn). Triplicate groups of rainbow trout (initial weight: 20 g) reared at 17°C were fed one of each diet to apparent visual satiation over 12 weeks. Among the V diet fed fish, growth and feed intake exhibited maximal response at V60 level of premix inclusion; Apparent availability coefficient of Fe, Cu and Zn decreased linearly with increasing level of premix whereas apparent availability coefficient of Mn and Se was unaffected. The available dietary concentration in basal V0 diet was for Fe, 20.6; Cu, 2.8; Mn, 6.5; Zn, 17.3 and Se, 0.195 (in mg/kg DM) and in the M0 diet for Fe, 63.3; Cu, 5.2; Mn, 2.9; Zn, 35.2 and Se, 0.87 (in mg/kg DM). In reference to NRC (Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. Washington, DC: National Research Council, The National Academies Press, 2011) recommendations, the V0 basal diet accounted for 34.3%, 92.9%, 53.9%, 115% and 130.2% and the contribution from M0 diet for 105.5%, 173.3%, 24.2%, 234.7% and 580% of the minimal dietary inclusion levels of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se to rainbow trout, respectively. However, data on whole body mineral contents showed that normal levels were maintained only for Cu and Mn through supply from basal V0 diet. For Zn and Se, available supply even from the highest supplemented diet (V150) was not sufficient to maintain normal body mineral levels of rainbow trout in the present study. On the whole, optimal dietary inclusion levels of microminerals are altered while using fishmeal‐free diets for rainbow trout.  相似文献   

11.
Diets incorporating different levels of corn gluten meal replacement using biofuel algae or Spirulina protein at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were evaluated for larval/juvenile stage of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish averaging 0.02 g were divided into groups of 50. There were three replicates per every dietary treatment that were fed one of six diets for 11 weeks. Corn gluten protein was replaced with algae on the protein basis. All diets were supplemented with 1.5% lysine and 0.5% methionine. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 37 ± 2.8% protein and 14 ± 4.3% lipid in the form of fish oil and soybean lecithin (phospholipids source). The results indicated that algae positively affected feed consumption and fish growth up to the 50% replacement and then performance was depressed. Significant differences in concentration of individual minerals (Al, Fe, Zn and Cu) in the whole fish body were found. Mineral composition of algae might have affected growth when diets which contained more than 75% of plant protein were replaced with microalgae. These findings suggest that up to 50% of dietary corn gluten meal protein can be replaced with microalgae which significantly enhance fish growth.  相似文献   

12.
Growth, haemoglobin and element status were compared in Atlantic salmon fed a practical fish-meal based diet, unsupplemented or supplemented with a mixture of the elements zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) from first feeding (weight 0.20 g). The diets were fed to triplicate groups of fish from weeks 1–20 and to duplicates from weeks 21–34. The basal diet (Diet 1) was not supplemented and contained 67 mg Zn, 106 mg Fe, 4.7 mg Mn and 3.7 mg Cu kg–1. Diet 2 was supplemented with 68 mg Zn, 34 mg Fe, 13 mg Mn and 3.5 mg Cu kg–1. Iron was not added to Diet 3.
Mean weight and mortality did not differ among the groups at any sampling point. Whole-body Zn and Mn responded to dietary concentration at all sampling points. Plasma and vertebrae Zn concentrations responded significantly to dietary Zn concentration. There were no effects with Fe. The Fe status of the fish, assessed by whole-body and liver Fe concentrations, was low in all groups. No effect of supplementation was found for Cu and no accurate judgement either of status or requirement could be made from the present results.
It is concluded that supplementing fish-meal based start feeds for Atlantic salmon with Zn, Mn and Fe is appropriate, while further studies are needed for the evaluation of Cu supplementation. The supplementation levels used in the present experiment appeared to meet the requirements for Zn and Mn, while the supplemented level of Fe appeared to be too low. Deleting Fe from the element mixture did not significantly affect Fe status or that of Zn, Mn and Cu.
There was an accumulation of Zn and Fe with growth. Cu remained constant and there was a trend towards reduced Mn in the fish given the unsupplemented diet.  相似文献   

13.
The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) in water and selected fish species (Oreochromis nilzinc (oticus and Clarias gariepinus) from Benue-Niger River Confluence, Nigeria were investigated. The water and fish sample digests were quantified using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The study aimed to assess any possible human health risk associated with water and fish consumption from the selected geographical area. The concentration of the metals in the surface water ranged from 0.007 to 0.039, 0.106 to 0.240, 0.092 to 0.0164, 0.682 to 0.878, 0.058 to 0.309, and 0.136 to 1.645 mg/L for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn, respectively, while the concentrations of the metals, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe in these fish species ranged from 0.034 to 0.679, 0.500 to 1.75, 0.152 to 0.351, 0.36 to 1.01, 5.32 to 7.41, and 4.25 to 9.17 mg/kg, respectively. Cd, Cr, and Pb levels in fish were higher than the provisional tolerable weekly intake of 7, 1.5, and 25 μg/kg bw, respectively, according to the World Health Organization. Dry season values of the metals in water samples were higher, and sharptooth catfish had higher amounts of the metals. The hazard quotient (HQ) for Cd indicated a possible potential health concern with fish consumption from this area.  相似文献   

14.
Metal pressure under farm conditions was examined on the gill and muscle tissues of farmed Sparus aurata and compared with their wild counterparts (Sparus aurata, Trachurus trachurus, Mullus barbatus). Al, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn accumulation amounts in gill tissue of farmed fish were 28.821, 37.620, 0.136, 0.300, 3.730, 2.441, 3.222, 2.474 and 127.494 mg/kg respectively. Among them, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb concentrations in gill tissue of farmed fish were higher than that in wild fishes. Metal depositions in muscle tissue of farmed fish were far below that in the gill tissue. The accumulated Al (6.700 mg/kg) in the muscle tissue of farmed fish was higher than in wild ones. The results showed that metal accumulation levels (especially Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb) in the gill tissue of farmed fish indicate metal pressure under captive conditions. Furthermore, the calculated hazard index (HI) and total hazard index (THI) of the considered elements in the edible part of farmed fish were below the level considered safe, which elucidates that farmed fish do not pose any threat to the human consumer in terms of metal toxicity.  相似文献   

15.
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16.
International Aquatic Research - In the current study, ten elements contents (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg) have been measured in muscle and liver of four pelagic fish species...  相似文献   

17.
Although fish feed supplemented with Chinese parsley (CP), Coriandrum sativum, does not affect the health of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, it has the remarkable effect of reducing the uptake of Cd (12–17% compared with controls without CP). Here, we measured the change in the amount of metallothionein (MT) in the liver and kidney using gel permeation chromatography-high-performance liquid chromatography (TSK GEL SW 3000 column). The increase in MT content over time in the Cd-fed groups corresponded to the change in Cd accumulation. Gel permeation was performed with soluble fractions from the fish liver and kidney, and changes in the Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations over time for each fraction, and the relationship between the form of Cd that accumulated in tissues and its toxicity were measured. A nontoxic MT fraction of 7,000 Da and a high-molecular-weight fraction of approximately 60,000 Da were isolated from the soluble fractions. The induction of nontoxic MT–Cd was higher in the CP-supplemented groups than in the control groups. The synergetic actions of several compounds in CP may contribute to bind MT, thereby preventing accumulation of harmful heavy metals and essential metals in fish.  相似文献   

18.
Aquatic hypoxia can affect predator‐prey interactions by altering the success rate of the predator and/or the vulnerability of prey. For example, in the Lake Victoria basin of East Africa, native prey exploit hypoxic wetlands as refugia from predation by introduced Nile perch (Lates niloticus). Here, it is predicted that species exploitation of wetlands depends on their hypoxia tolerance relative to the heterogeneity of wetland hypoxia. In this study, we compared the hypoxia tolerance of four fish taxa that differ in their use of hypoxic wetlands in Lake Nabugabo, Uganda: the cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae that inhabits the dense swamp interior; and three taxa that inhabit wetland ecotones including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), L. niloticus and juvenile endemic haplochromine cichlids. We characterised hypoxia tolerance by exposing fish to progressive hypoxia and quantifying variation in aquatic surface respiration (ASR). The effect of body size on tolerance was explored in L. niloticus by quantifying ASR behaviour across a range of size classes. ASR behaviour was also compared between O. niloticus groups from wetland versus open‐water habitats to detect habitat‐associated intraspecific variation. The most tolerant taxon was the swamp specialist P. multicolor, indicated by its low ASR thresholds and small percentage of fish using ASR during the final sample interval. The other three taxa did not differ in ASR behaviour, and no differences were detected between O. niloticus groups. Body size effects were present for L. niloticus suggesting a lower tolerance to hypoxia in larger‐bodied individuals, thus limiting their ability to penetrate wetlands.  相似文献   

19.
为了探究鱼类不同组织中矿物元素的含量，实验以养殖黄颡鱼为对象，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了黄颡鱼18个组织(心脏、肝脏、脑、脾脏、肾脏、肌肉、脂肪、前肠、中后肠、眼睛、鳃、尾鳍、鱼鳔、骨骼、胃、皮肤、血液、全鱼)中7种矿物元素(Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn和Se)的含量与分布。结果显示，Ca在骨骼、鳃、尾鳍和肌肉中占比较高，在尾鳍和骨骼中含量最高，在脂肪组织中含量最低；Mg在骨骼和肌肉中占比较高，在骨骼和尾鳍中含量最高，在眼睛中含量最低；Zn在骨骼、肌肉、皮肤和眼睛中占比较高，在眼睛中含量最高，在脂肪组织中含量最低；Fe在骨骼、血液和肌肉中占比较高，在血液中含量最高，在脂肪组织中含量最低；Cu在骨骼、肌肉和肝脏中占比较高，在肾脏和肝脏中含量较高，而在脂肪和眼睛中含量最低；Mn在骨骼和肌肉中占比较高，在骨骼和尾鳍中含量较高，在眼睛和脂肪中含量较低；Se在肌肉、骨骼、皮肤和肝脏中占比较高，在脾脏、肝脏、肾脏和前肠中含量较高，在肌肉和脂肪中含量较低。研究表明，黄颡鱼体内含有丰富的矿物元素(Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Se)，而且在不同组织中具有不同的分布特征。研究采用ICP...  相似文献   

20.
分析了野生与人工养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼肝脏、背肌及卵中硒、铁、锰、铜、铬、镉和铅等微量元素的含量。结果表明,野生褐牙鲆亲鱼肝脏中硒、铁含量均显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05),铜含量则显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05),其他各元素间均未见显著差异(P>0.05);野生褐牙鲆亲鱼背肌中除硒和锰的含量显著高于养殖亲鱼外(P<0.05),其他各元素含量均基本保持恒定(P>0.05);野生褐牙鲆亲鱼卵中硒、铁和锰的含量均显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05),其中硒的含量约为养殖亲鱼的1.7倍,铁的含量约为养殖亲鱼的2.0倍,而锰含量则为养殖亲鱼的2.8倍。养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼卵中镉含量与野生亲鱼相比高出78%(P<0.05)。两种亲鱼卵中铜、镉、铅3种重金属含量均未见显著差异(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

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