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1.
糯玉米主要数量性状配合力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以南糯白等8个糯玉米自交系为亲本,按griffing(Ⅳ)配成28个杂交组合,分析单株粒重等12个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力,结果表明穗行数主要受加性基因控制,穗长主要受非加性基因控制,其余大部分性状的加性和非加性基因效应同时存在,在一般配合力效应上,同一性状不同亲本的效应值不同,各性状值的效应最高出现于不同亲本,在单株产量上,一般配合力效应值大小为南糯白＞独白糯＞湄潭白糯;特殊配合力效应较大的组合有南糯白×引糯,南糯白×独白糯等.对这些性状而言,一般配合力高的亲本容易产生特殊配合力高的组合,但也不排除从一般配合力都不高的双亲获得较高的特殊配合力的可能性,根据配合力互补原理,可望从8个亲本间选配出高产优质的组合. 相似文献
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按Hayman方法对8×8完全双列杂交F_1的6个性状进行基因效应分析与模型检验,株高、穗长、实粒数符合加性-显性模型.株高、实粒数为部分显性,加性方差和显性方差均显著,基因的加性效应比显性效应更重要;穗长为超显性,显性基因效应比加性基因效应更重要.对杂交F_1、F_2进行配合力效应值分析表明,一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差对所研究性状均重要,多数性状为加性基因效应占主导.亲本85G63、81-18、82-14为最佳配合者,其主要经济性状一般配合力好.杂交F_1各性状均有明显杂种优势,组合间和性状间的优势具有显著差异,以单株籽粒产量优势最强,其余依次为实粒数、穗长、株高、小穗粒数和千粒重. 相似文献
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为了解优质蛋白玉米(QPM)的遗传特点,以3个优质蛋白玉米自交系(♀)和5个优质蛋白玉米自交系(♂)为试验材料,按照NCⅡ遗传交配设计组配成15个杂交组合,对其主要性状的配合力、杂种优势及其间相关进行分析.结果表明:①同一性状不同材料间,同一材料不同性状问其配合力效应表现复杂,存在不同效应大小和正负作用方向的差异,父本A粒深、容重的一般配合力均较高;母本2赖氨酸含量的一般配合力较高;组合3×C容重的特殊配合力较高.②小区产量与粒深、穗粗呈极显著正相关;赖氨酸含量与粗脂肪含量呈极显著正相关,与粗蛋白含量呈显著正相关.③赖氨酸含量、粗蛋白含量以超低亲杂种优势为主;粗淀粉含量以超中亲优势为主;粗脂肪含量以超高亲优势为主. 相似文献
4.
用一年生墨西哥大刍草（Zea Mexican Schard）与玉米G综合种远缘杂交选育的10个自交系作母本，以7个骨干自交系为父本，按10×7不完全双列杂交设计组配70个杂交组合为供试材料，研究了远缘杂交选系主要农艺性状和经济性状的遗传组成、遗传力和配合力效应。结果表明，抽丝期、株高、茎粗、穗长和百粒重主要受加性基因效应影响，狭义遗传力高，适合早代选择；茎强度、穗粗、穗行数和行粒数受加性基因和非加性基因效应同等影响；而穗位高、穗重、穗粒重和出籽率主要受非加性基因效应影响，狭义遗传力低，宜晚代选择。一般配合力效应分析结果，GT107可以作为很好的早熟、矮杆、抗倒和高产育种潜力亲本。 相似文献
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超甜玉米果糖含量的遗传模型分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以8个超甜玉米自交系为亲本,按照Griffing Ⅱ双列杂交方法配制组合,利用Hayman法分析了超甜玉米果糖含量的杂种优势及遗传模型。结果表明：（1）果糖性状表现出较高的超低亲优势和超中亲优势及一定的超高亲优势;（2）果糖性状的遗传受加性基因和非加性基因的共同控制,符合“加性-显性-上位性”模型,平均显性度为1.15,表现为超显性;狭义遗传力为10.92%,广义遗传力为94.15%;（3）控制甜玉米果糖含量性状遗传的基因最少有4对基因。因此,超甜玉米高含糖量亲本选育和新组合配制实践中,应在利用基因显性效应的基础上,协调加性效应及上位性效应,制定高效快捷的育种方案以提高超甜玉米的商品质量和食用品质。 相似文献
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花期玉米(Zea mays)穗三叶叶形结构的遗传效应及配合力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了剖析玉米叶形结构的遗传规律,进而拓宽优良株型自交系的遗传基础。本研究以12份不同叶形结构玉米自交系组配的32份F1杂交种为试材,在2个生态环境下,花期采用加性-显性-母体遗传模型(ADM)对其穗三叶叶长、叶宽、叶夹角、叶向值及叶面积进行遗传效应和配合力分析。结果表明:(1)玉米穗三叶叶长、叶宽及叶向值主要受基因的加性效应调控,其次是显性效应,同时还兼受加性×环境互作效应或母体×环境互作效应等遗传体系的调控,育种改良中宜在早代对其进行选择;叶夹角主要受基因的母体效应调控,其次是加性效应,另外还受加性×环境互作效应及母体×环境互作效应影响,育种中宜选择叶夹角较小的材料作为母本进行改良;叶面积只受基因的显性效应及显性×环境互作效应的调控,其应从较晚世代中进行遗传选择。(2)除父本叶长的一般配合力差异不显著外,父本其余性状的一般配合力和母本全部性状的一般配合力间差异均显著或极显著,且这5个叶形相关性状的全部特殊配合力间差异极显著。(3)从相应自交系各性状的一般配合力相对效应值分析发现,‘锋1999马’和‘锋1913硬’的综合性状表现优良,有利于组配出叶片大小适中及株型紧凑的优良耐密高产F1杂交组合。研究结果表明,玉米穗三叶5个叶形结构的遗传效应不尽相同,相应亲本5个叶形结构的一般配合和特殊配合力间存在明显差异,因此在玉米叶形结构遗传改良上应按照相应性状的遗传特征选择对应改良策略进行改良,并根据综合性状表现优良的亲本有目的地组配杂交组合,提高玉米理想株型育种效率。本研究为进一步剖析玉米叶形结构的遗传机理及玉米理想株型育种提供参考。 相似文献
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特用玉米主要性状的配合力及相关分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
以 PST等 7个特用玉米自交系为亲本 ,按 griffing( )配成 2 1个杂交组合 ,分析单株粒重等 10个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力 ,主要农艺性状和产量之间的关系。结果表明 :行粒数主要受加性基因控制 ,其余大部分性状的加性和非加性基因效应同时存在。在一般配合力效应上 ,同一性状不同亲本的效应值不同 ,各性状值的效应最高出现于不同亲本。在单株产量上 ,一般配合力效应值大小为 PHT>PYT>PHBT;特殊配合力效应较大的组合有 :PYT× PHT>PYT× PHBT>PHT× PHBT等 ,这些具有较高 SCA和 TCA的组合一般都符合本地种质与热带种质、本地种质与温带种质和热带种质与温带种质的杂交组配模式。相关分析表明 ,行粒数与产量关系最为密切 ,其次为株高、穗长。对于这些性状而言 ,一般配合力高的亲本容易产生特殊配合力高的组合 ,但也不排除一般配合力都不高的双亲获得较高的特殊配合力的可能性 ,根据配合力互补原理 ,可望从 7个亲本间选配出高产优质的组合。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献