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蓖麻毒素诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞的凋亡 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
无菌制备小鼠脾淋巴细胞,以不同浓度蓖麻毒素（0、0.3、3、30、300 μg/mL）对细胞进行处理,于不同时间段（3、6、12、24 h）采用MTS法对细胞活力进行检测。结果表明,蓖麻毒素对淋巴细胞有明显的毒性作用,3 μg/mL的毒素处理细胞24 h后,细胞活力降为60%左右。为研究蓖麻毒素是否是通过诱发凋亡作用而引起细胞死亡,本试验对典型的凋亡特征进行了检测,首先用流式细胞仪对细胞的线粒体膜电位进行了检测,证明经毒素处理细胞后,其电位发生显著变化（P<0.05）;Hoechst33258染色和DNA 梯度裂解检测结果同时也证明,接毒细胞发生了明显的调亡作用。此结果可为深入研究蓖麻毒素的毒理作用机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
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产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)可引起人及动物急性腹泻,其关键毒力因子为耐热肠毒素(ST)。由于ST是一种具有强烈毒性但缺乏免疫原性的小分子肽,如何在保持其免疫原性的同时减弱其毒性已成为制备ST类毒素疫苗的研究热点。本试验以利凡诺法提纯兔血清白蛋白(RSA),经0.2%戊二醛活化,再与人工合成的甲醇可溶性STa偶联,十二烷基硫酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)结果显示获得分子质量约108.5 ku的完全抗原。用该偶联物免疫新西兰白兔4次,采集抗血清并用Protein A/G 琼脂糖小珠进行纯化,斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(dot-ELISA)和免疫印迹(Western blotting)结果显示抗血清效价均为1:400。试验结果表明抗STa多克隆抗体成功制备,这为筛选ST结构类似物做有益的铺垫。 相似文献
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利用MTT方法和免疫共沉淀技术研究α-甘露糖苷酶样内质网降解增强蛋白2（ER degradation enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein 2,EDEM2）对于蓖麻毒素从内质网（Endoplasmic reticulum,ER）向胞浆逆向转运过程的影响。结果显示,过量表达EDEM2的细胞能够抵抗蓖麻毒素。然而,当用Kifunensine抑制EDEM2与错误折叠蛋白间的作用后,EDEM2反而促进了蓖麻毒素从内质网向胞浆的逆向转运。此外,嘌呤霉素（Puromycin）也能够促进蓖麻毒素的逆向转运。免疫共沉淀试验发现蓖麻毒素与EDEM2及Sec61α可以相互作用,Kifunensine和嘌呤霉素能够提高这种相互作用。结果表明,EDEM2与蓖麻毒素从内质网向胞浆的逆向转运有关。关键词：EDEM2;蓖麻毒素;逆向转运;细胞毒性;免疫共沉淀;293T细胞 相似文献
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蓖麻毒素属于Ⅱ型核糖体失活蛋白,由具有催化活性的A链和凝集活性的B链组成,二者之间经二硫键连接。本研究旨在探讨蓖麻毒素在诱导小鼠淋巴细胞凋亡过程中信号转导通路的激活反应。通过MTS法检测蓖麻毒素的细胞毒性后,用流式细胞术分析胞内活性氧(ROS)水平,进而通过westernblot研究信号分子的表达。结果表明:在蓖麻毒素诱导小鼠淋巴细胞凋亡的过程中,胞内活性氧水平显著增高(P<0.05),伴随信号转导分子——促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)中磷酸化c-jun氨基末端激酶(JNK1/2)和应激激活蛋白激酶(p38)的表达,另一信号分子胞外调节激酶(ERK1/2)无明显反应;加入信号分子的相应特异性抑制剂后,只有磷酸化p38的表达受到明显抑制。由此可得出:蓖麻毒素诱导淋巴细胞的凋亡极有可能通过激活p38/MAPKs通路来实现。 相似文献
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通过实验建立了蓖麻粕中残留蓖麻毒素的夹心ELISA检测方法(双抗原夹心法)。蓖麻粕样品经pH值7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)提取,使蓖麻毒素充分溶出后可直接用于ELISA检测。在本文确定的实验条件下,蓖麻粕中杂质对蓖麻毒素的检测无显著影响;方法检出限小于2.5ng/ml,以蓖麻毒素浓度(5～80ng/ml)对数做校准曲线,R2=0.995。经高压灭菌锅0.1MPa处理1h的蓖麻粕中未检出蓖麻毒素,并以此作为蓖麻粕的阴性对照,对实际样品进行了测定。 相似文献
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【目的】试验旨在建立大量表达及纯化猪δ5干扰素(pIFN-δ5)的方法,并对其抗猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)感染的作用进行分析。【方法】根据GenBank中pIFN-δ5序列(登录号:NM_001164854.1)设计引物,以猪肝脏组织cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增;将目的基因连接入经EcoRⅤ和Hind Ⅲ双酶切的线性化pET-32a (+)载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,优化诱导表达条件,并进行SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测;pIFN-δ5蛋白大量表达后使用镍离子亲和层析柱纯化,并测定蛋白纯度;采用细胞病变抑制法检测pIFN-δ5的干扰素效价,采用CCK8方法检测pIFN-δ5的细胞毒性,进一步测定其抗PEDV的感染能力。【结果】试验成功构建了重组表达质粒pET-pIFNδ5,经诱导条件摸索发现,在D600 nm值为0.5~0.6、IPTG浓度为0.8 mmol/L、37 ℃诱导条件下,目的蛋白pIFN-δ5主要表达于菌体裂解上清中;经大量表达并纯化后可获得纯度＞95%的pIFN-δ5蛋白。使用VSV/MDCK细胞滴定系统检测pIFN-δ5的比活性为5×104U/mg;CCK8检测表明pIFN-δ5的细胞毒性较小。实时荧光定量PCR、Western blotting和间接免疫荧光检测结果表明,pIFN-δ5具有显著抗PEDV感染能力。【结论】本试验建立了表达和纯化pIFN-δ5的方法,通过一系列的体外抗病毒试验证实pIFN-δ5具有良好的抗PEDV感染的活性,为将pIFN-δ5作为抗病毒药物及临床应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Na Dong Zheng Li Qian Li Junhua Wu Peiyuan Jia Yuxia Wang Zhongcai Gao Gang Han Yifan Wu Jianping Zhou Junjie Shan Hua Li Wenqing Wei 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2014,27(1):73-80
The aim of this work was to investigate the potential interactions between intestinal absorbance and ricin poisoning. The Caco-2 cell monolayer and everted intestinal sac (VEIS) models were used. The distribution of ricin in CD-1 mice intoxicated with 0.1 mg/kg of ricin intragastrically was determined by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that ricin could not transfer across the healthy Caco-2 cell monolayer within three hours after poisoning. However, it could pass through the everted rat intestinal wall after 0.5 h of incubation. The toxin in the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys of mice could be detected as early as 1 h after intoxication. The pathological results were in accordance with the cytotoxicities of ricin in Caco-2, HepG 2, H1299 and MDCK cells, indicating that though no significant symptom in mice could be observed within 3 h after ricin intoxication, important tissues, especially the kidneys, were being injured by the toxin and that the injuries were progressing. 相似文献
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ZHEN Er-dong HUANG Su-juan HUA Chao-ju TAO Cong YANG Shu-lin WANG Yan-fang ZHOU Rong AO Hong LI Kui 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(11):2803-2810
This study was amied to learn the toxic effects of ricin on human peripheral blood B lymphocytes（IM-9）and the expression of related genes.The extracted ricin of different concentrations were added to culture cells for 6 and 12 h to make sure the median inhibitory concentration,then culture cells at the median inhibitory concentration for 2,6,10 and 12 h,at each time point detect the expression of immune related genes CD40,IL-1β,TNF-α and apoptosis related genes Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3.The results showed that the inhibitory effect of ricin on IM-9 cells was increased with the increase of concentration and time.The expression of TNF-α and CD40 genes increased significantly in experimental group than control group at 6 h（P<0.05).10 and 12 h reached extremely significant level（P<0.01);There was no significance of IL-1β gene expression between experimental and control groups（P>0.05).About apoptosis gene,the Bax gene expression decreased extremely significantly in experimental group at 10 h（P<0.05）and decreased significantly at 12 h（P<0.05);Bcl-2 gene had reached significant levels of four time periods（P<0.05), and 2,12 h were extremely significant（P<0.01);The expression of Caspase-3 reduced at 6 h,the other time points increased significantly（P<0.05),at 2 h reached extremely significant level（P<0.01).It showed that the gene expression of IM-9 cells could be significantly affected by ricin,TNF-α and CD40 genes were two potential genes to evaluate the toxicity by IM-9 cells. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究蓖麻蛋白对人外周血B淋巴细胞（IM-9）毒性作用及对相关基因表达的影响。将提取的蓖麻蛋白按不同浓度添加到培养基培养6、12 h,研究剂量－时间效应,确定半数抑制浓度,然后以半数抑制浓度培养细胞2、6、10、12 h,在每个时间段检测免疫相关基因CD40、IL-1β、TNF-α和凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3的表达情况。结果表明,蓖麻蛋白对IM-9细胞的毒性作用随浓度和时间的增加而增强。取接近半数抑制浓度20 ng/mL作用IM-9细胞2、6、10、12 h,免疫相关基因中,TNF-α和CD40基因在6 h试验组表达量与对照组相比显著升高（P<0.05）,10、12 h达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;IL-1β基因表达量试验组、对照组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。凋亡基因中,与对照比相比,试验组Bax基因表达量10 h极显著降低（P<0.01）,12 h显著降低（P<0.05）;Bcl-2基因表达量4个时间段均达到显著水平（P<0.05）,2、12 h达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;Caspase-3基因除6 h表达量降低外,其他时间段表达量均显著升高（P<0.05）,2 h为极显著水平（P<0.01）。表明蓖麻蛋白能显著影响IM-9细胞的基因表达,TNF-α和CD40基因是两个潜在用IM-9细胞评价蛋白毒性的检测基因。 相似文献
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J. E. DECHANT J. D. ROWE B. A. BYRNE S. E. WETZLICH H. T. KIEU L. A. TELL 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2013,36(2):122-129
Dechant, J. E., Rowe, J. D., Byrne, B. A., Wetzlich, S. E., Kieu, H. T., Tell, L. A. Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline free acid after single and multiple subcutaneous administrations in healthy alpacas (Vicugna pacos). J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 36 , 122–129. Six adult male alpacas received one subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg. After a washout period, the same alpacas received three subcutaneous doses of 6.6 mg/kg CCFA at 5‐day intervals. Blood samples collected from the jugular vein before and at multiple time points after each CCFA administration were assayed for ceftiofur‐ and desfuroylceftiofur‐related metabolite concentrations using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic disposition of CCFA was analyzed by a noncompartmental approach. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters (±SD) following single‐dose administration of CCFA were Cmax (2.7 ± 0.9 μg/mL); Tmax (36 ± 0 h); area under the curve AUC0→∞ (199.2 ± 42.1 μg·h/mL); terminal phase rate constant λz (0.02 ± 0.003/h); and terminal phase rate constant half‐life t1/2λz (44.7 h; harmonic). Mean terminal pharmacokinetic parameters (±SD) following three administrations of CCFA were Cmax (2.0 ± 0.4 μg/mL); Tmax (17.3 ± 16.3 h); AUC0→∞ (216.8 ± 84.5 μg·h/mL); λz (0.01 ± 0.003/h); and t1/2λz (65.9 h; harmonic). The terminal phase rate constant and the Tmax were significantly different between single and multiple administrations. Local reactions were noted in two alpacas following multiple CCFA administrations. 相似文献
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Z. Cheng Q. McKeller A. Nolan 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1998,21(4):315-321
Flunixin meglumine (FM, 1.1 mg/kg) and phenylbutazone (PBZ, 4.4 mg/kg) were administered intravenously (i.v.) as a single dose to eight sheep prepared with subcutaneous (s.c.) tissue-cages in which an acute inflammatory reaction was stimulated with carrageenan. Pharmacokinetics of FM, PBZ and its active metabolite oxyphenbutazone (OPBZ) in plasma, exudate and transudate were investigated. Plasma kinetics showed that FM had an elimination half-life (t½β) of 2.48 ± 0.12 h and an area under the concentration – time curve (AUC) of 30.61 ± 3.41 μg/mL.h. Elimination of PBZ from plasma was slow (t½β = 17.92 ± 1.74 h, AUC = 968.04 ± μg/mL.h.). Both FM and PBZ distributed well into exudate and transudate although penetration was slow, indicated by maximal drug concentration (Cmax) for FM of 1.82 ± 0.22 μg/mL at 5.50 ± 0.73 h (exudate) and 1.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL at 8.00 h (transudate), and Cmax for PBZ of 22.32 ± 1.29 μg/mL at 9.50 ± 0.73 h (exudate) and 22.07 ± 1.57 μg/mL at 11.50 ± 1.92 h (transudate), and a high mean tissue-cage fluids:plasma AUClast ratio obtained in the FM and PBZ groups (80–98%). These values are higher than previous reports in horses and calves using the same or higher dose rates. Elimination of FM and PBZ from exudate and transudate was slower than from plasma. Consequently the drug concentrations in plasma were initially higher and subsequently lower than in exudate and transudate. 相似文献
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为研究西番莲多糖提取物（Passiflora edulis polysaccharide extract，PEPE）对猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine circovirus type 2，PCV2）感染RAW264.7细胞氧化应激相关因子的影响，本试验探讨了PEPE对氧化应激的调节作用。在96孔细胞培养板中每孔加入100 μL浓度为1×106个/mL的RAW264.7细胞，分别设细胞对照组、PEPE组（25、50、100、200、400、800和1 600 μg/mL），分别于培养箱培养24和48 h，用MTT法检测细胞活性，筛选PEPE的药物安全浓度范围。试验分为以下6个组：细胞对照组、病毒组、PEPE高（400 μg/mL）、中（200 μg/mL）、低（100 μg/mL）剂量组及维生素C组，其中细胞对照组加入含10% FBS的DMEM培养液，其余组加入PCV2病毒液，孵育2 h后在PEPE组加入对应浓度的PEPE溶液，VC组加入配制好的VC溶液，细胞对照组和病毒组加入含10% FBS的DMEM培养液，培养48 h，同样用MTT法检测细胞活性，以研究PEPE对PCV2感染RAW264.7细胞活性的影响。按照上述6个试验组分组，处理同上，将细胞培养12 h，收集样品用于检测氧化应激相关因子水平。用Griess法和DCFH-DA荧光探针分别检测RAW264.7细胞上清中NO含量和细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平、OPT荧光法检测细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）含量，化学发光法检测细胞内黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）活力。结果显示，PEPE对RAW264.7细胞的安全浓度范围为25~400 μg/mL。PCV2感染RAW264.7细胞后，细胞活性显著降低（P<0.05），而不同浓度PEPE处理组均能提高细胞活性。RAW264.7细胞被PCV2感染后，细胞分泌NO、ROS水平，GSSG含量及XOD、MPO和iNOS活性显著升高（P<0.05），感染细胞GSH含量显著降低（P<0.05）；PEPE作用于PCV2感染的RAW264.7细胞，显著降低感染细胞NO、ROS水平、GSSG含量及XOD、MPO和iNOS活性（P<0.05），100 μg/mL PEPE处理组细胞GSH水平显著升高（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明，PEPE能提高PCV2感染RAW264.7细胞的抗氧化能力，有利于缓解病毒感染所致氧化应激。 相似文献
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L. H. JAVSICAS S. GIGUÈRE ARIEL Y. WOMBLE 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2010,33(4):383-388
Javsicas, LH., Giguère, S., Womble, AY. Disposition of oral telithromycin in foals and in vitro activity of the drug against macrolide‐susceptible and macrolide‐resistant Rhodococcus equi isolates. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2885.2009.01151.x. The objectives of this study were to determine the serum and pulmonary disposition of telithromycin in foals and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of telithromycin against macrolide‐susceptible and macrolide‐resistant Rhodococcus equi isolates. A single dose of telithromycin (15 mg/kg of body weight) was administered to six healthy 6–10‐week‐old foals by the intragastric route. Activity of telithromycin was measured in serum, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells using a microbiological assay. The broth macrodilution method was used to determine the MIC of telithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin against R. equi. Following intragastric administration, mean ± SD time to peak serum telithromycin activity (Tmax) was 1.75 ± 0.76 h, maximum serum activity (Cmax) was 1.43 ± 0.37 μg/mL, and terminal half‐life (t½) was 3.81 ± 0.40 h. Telithromycin activity, 4 h postadministration was significantly higher in BAL cells (50.9 ± 14.5 μg/mL) than in PELF (5.07 ± 2.64 μg/mL), and plasma (0.84 ± 0.25 μg/mL). The MIC90 of telithromycin for macrolide‐resistant R. equi isolates (8 μg/mL) was significantly higher than that of macrolide‐susceptible isolates (0.25 μg/mL). The MIC of telithromycin for macrolide‐resistant isolates (MIC50 = 4.0 μg/mL) was significantly lower than that of clarithromycin (MIC50 = 24.0 μg/mL), azithromycin (MIC50 =256 μg/mL) and erythromycin (MIC50 = 24 μg/mL). 相似文献
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为建立检测血清中非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）抗体的间接ELISA方法,本试验将ASFV p30基因进行原核表达,采用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting方法对重组蛋白进行表达鉴定和免疫原性分析,随后以纯化的重组蛋白为包被抗原,经条件优化、特异性试验、敏感性试验和重复性试验,建立一种血清中ASFV抗体的检测方法。结果显示,ASFV p30基因成功克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a （+）中,获得pET-32a-p30重组质粒;转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞进行诱导表达,得到P30重组蛋白,重组蛋白大小约为42 ku,主要以包涵体形式存在;Western blotting结果显示,纯化后的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性;以纯化的P30重组蛋白为包被抗原,建立了检测ASFV抗体的间接ELISA方法,通过方阵试验对间接ELISA方法进行优化,最终确定了抗原最佳包被浓度为1.2 μg/mL,待检血清最佳稀释倍数为1：100,最佳封闭液为1% BSA,酶标抗体最佳稀释度为1：4 000,以此建立的ASFV间接ELISA方法临界值为0.322。本方法仅与ASFV阳性血清发生特异性反应,与猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、口蹄疫病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、猪圆环病毒2型及猪流行性腹泻病毒阳性血清均无交叉反应,具有较强的特异性。该方法检测ASFV阳性血清灵敏度可达到1：1 600;批内重复性和批间重复性变异系数均<10%。本试验建立的间接ELISA方法具有良好的特异性、灵敏度和重复性,可初步应用于ASFV抗体的检测。 相似文献
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为获得针对猪萎缩性鼻炎主要病原体——多杀性巴氏杆菌皮肤坏死毒素的高免疫原性抗原，本试验构建、表达并验证该毒素的亚单位蛋白抗原，将猪多杀性巴氏杆菌毒素PMT基因与pMD19-T载体进行连接、转化，经序列分析鉴定后，分别使用BamH Ⅰ、Hind Ⅲ与Blp Ⅰ限制性内切酶将其酶切为3个基因片段。将片段1（Tox1）、片段2（Tox2）和片段3（Tox3）分别亚克隆至原核表达载体pET32-b、pET32-a和pET32-b中，构建3个重组表达载体。将重组表达载体转化E.coli BL21（DE3）感受态细胞，经IPTG诱导后，分别进行SDS-PAGE与Western blotting检测，并使用小鼠与豚鼠初步研究其免疫原性。结果显示，构建的3个基因片段长度分别为776、409与410 bp，与GenBank中相关序列具有高度同源性；3个蛋白片段表达正常，表达量分别达到379.95、447.62与459.82 μg/mL，SDS-PAGE验证条带分别为75、77与53 ku；因3个片段位置不同，仅Tox3有Western blotting检测条带，与理论预测相符；使用3种表达蛋白免疫小鼠与豚鼠后，二免后14 d，血清经试剂盒检测阳性率达到100%，对二免后14 d小鼠攻毒保护率达到93%。本研究成功构建了PMT的3个亚单位活性片段，且具有较好的免疫原性。 相似文献