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尼西鸡是云南省特色鸡种,为研究其与商品肉鸡肌肉营养成分及脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)基因mRNA表达的差异,选取20周龄尼西鸡和艾维茵肉鸡各20只,进行了肌肉营养成分含量和FAS基因表达量测定及差异分析,同时对粗脂肪含量与FAS基因表达量进行了相关性分析。结果表明:20周龄时尼西鸡胸肌和腿肌中粗灰分含量显著高于艾维茵肉鸡(P0.05),粗脂肪、粗蛋白在腿肌中的含量显著高于艾维茵肉鸡(P0.05),在胸肌中虽然高于艾维茵肉鸡,但差异不显著(P0.05);此外,两个品种鸡胸肌与腿肌的粗脂肪含量相比差异均显著(P0.05);且20周龄时尼西鸡胸肌和腿肌中FAS基因mRNA表达均显著高于艾维茵肉鸡(P0.05);尼西鸡和艾维茵肉鸡粗脂肪含量与FAS基因表达量呈正相关。由此说明尼西鸡肌肉营养成分优于艾维茵肉鸡,且FAS基因可促进脂肪沉积,因此FAS基因可作为影响家鸡脂肪沉积的重要候选基因。 相似文献
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试验用河南斗鸡作父本,艾维茵父母代肉鸡作母本进行杂交,测定其杂交一代的产肉性能。结果表明,杂交一代的各项指标均达到了我国优质肉鸡的标准要求,13周龄体重为1924.62±279.93克,全期累计耗料7082.3克,料肉比为3.77∶1,屠宰率为89.41%,半净膛屠宰率为80.99%,全净膛屠宰率为67.34%,胸腿肌为49.77%。 相似文献
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为了研究萨索鸡与AA肉鸡肌肉营养品质特点，分别选取4、6、8和10周龄的萨索鸡、AA肉鸡各12只，测定其肌肉脂肪酸组成。结果显示：萨索鸡、AA肉鸡脂肪酸组成随着周龄的增加呈现出相同的规律，2个鸡种胸肌n-3系列脂肪酸(n-3)、n-6系列脂肪酸(n-6)、必需脂肪酸(EFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸/单不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA/MUFA)随周龄的增加呈下降的趋势，n-6/n-3、MUFA随周龄的增加呈上升的趋势；饱和脂肪酸(SFAs)中，2个鸡种胸肌C12:0、C14:0、C16:0随周龄的增加呈上升的趋势，C15:0、C18:0、C21:0随周龄的增加呈下降的趋势；MUFAs中，2个鸡种胸肌C14:1、C16:1、顺式C18:1n9c随周龄的增加呈上升的趋势，C22:1n9随周龄的增加呈下降的趋势；PUFAs中，2个鸡种胸肌顺式C18:2n6c、C20:3n6、C20:3n3、C20:5n3随周龄的增加呈下降的趋势。当2个鸡种达到上市周龄时(AA肉鸡6周龄、萨索鸡10周龄),萨索鸡的肉品质和肌肉风味要优于AA肉鸡。本试验结果揭示了2个鸡种在不同周龄以及上市周龄肌肉的... 相似文献
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选用１日龄艾维茵仔鸡４０００只随机分成两组，育雏床上分别采用３５℃和３２℃的初温，以后每周降３℃，比较两组仔鸡在２周龄以内的增重和死亡情况。结果显示一周内肉鸡的增重高温组高于低温组，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；第二周内增重差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；二周内鸡的死亡数为高温组低于低温组，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。鸡７周龄出栏时料肉比：高温组为１．９４，低温组为２．０１；７周龄出栏平均体重：高温组为２．４９ｋｇ，低温组为２．３０ｋｇ。３５℃初温育雏肉鸡的效果好于３２℃初温。 相似文献
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河南斗鸡与艾维茵肉鸡杂交一代的产肉性能测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河南斗鸡与艾维茵肉鸡杂交一代的产肉性能测定徐廷生，雷雪芹，武大椿，肖青苗，贡银现（河南省洛阳农业高等专科学校４７１００３）近几十年来，向用仔鸡业生产发展迅速，在国外市场，肉用仔鸡供应十分充裕，鸡肉已成为最为廉价的肉品。但由于这种肉鸡的肉质差、骨大而硬... 相似文献
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为研究云南地方鸡种大围山微型鸡与艾维茵肉鸡肌肉营养成分中粗脂肪含量与脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)基因mRNA表达差异,屠宰同批12周龄大围山微型鸡和艾维茵肉鸡各20只,测定肌肉营养成分含量和LPL基因表达量。结果显示:在胸肌和腿肌中,大围山微型鸡粗灰分含量、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量均显著高于艾维茵肉鸡,在胸肌和腿肌中大围山微型鸡水分的含量显著低于艾维茵肉鸡,且胸肌和腿肌中大围山微型鸡LPL基因表达量分别为3.98、5.72,均高于艾维茵肉鸡的3.70、3.54。可见,大围山微型鸡肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪等营养成分优于艾维茵肉鸡,LPL基因促进脂肪沉积,因此LPL基因可作为影响家禽脂肪沉积的重要候选基因。 相似文献
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本杂交试验用艾维茵作父本，ＳＲ９２黄羽肉鸡为母本进行杂交观察。试验结果：受精率提高３．３６％，孵化率提高４．２％。在毛色方面：白色９６．２６％，少数间有小黑点。红色飞花为３．７４％。艾维茵对ＳＲ９２的毛色为不完全显性；８周龄成活率９５％，活重２３４３．１克，肉料比１：２．１９，分别比ＳＲ９２提高了１５．８％、１０．３％和７．２％，具有一定的杂种优势。经屠宰测定各组肉鸡全净膛率差异不大，但都接近现代 相似文献
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莱芜猪肌肉脂肪酸组成的发育性变化及其对肉质特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以40￣90kg6个体重阶段莱芜猪和新莱芜猪为试验对象(n=6),研究肌肉脂肪酸组成的发育性变化及其与肉质特性的关系。结果表明:①随着体重的增大,莱芜猪肌肉总脂含量显著(P<0.01)增加;饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总量的比例有下降的趋势,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)总量有增加的趋势,但差异不显著;在UFA中,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)总量及亚油酸的比例显著(P<0.01)下降,油酸比例显著(P<0.01)增加;②总体上,莱芜猪肌肉中的SFA+单不饱和脂肪酸总量、总脂、棕榈酸、棕榈烯酸的比例显著高于新莱芜猪,而PUFA总量、硬脂酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸的比例显著(P<0.01)低于新莱芜猪。各体重阶段2个品种间的脂肪酸组成也存在着较大的差异;③莱芜猪肌肉中的PUFA总量与总脂、水分、失水率、大理石纹评分相关显著;总脂与水分、大理石纹相关极显著(P<0.01);SFA、UFA总量与大理石纹呈显著(P<0.05)相关。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究南阳黑猪脂肪酸组成及含量,以期为中国地方猪种遗传资源的保护及开发利用提供理论依据。以南阳黑猪和大白猪为研究对象,每品种猪各12头,测量背最长肌脂肪酸含量及种类,以脂肪酸种类及数量、单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA）、饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）、12-16碳饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸1,SFA1）、其他饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸2,SFA2）、不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acids,UFA）、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、必需脂肪酸（essential fatty acid,EFA）、共轭亚油酸（conjugated linoleic acids,CLA）、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA等为指标,从营养、健康、风味及储存方面综合评价两个猪种猪肉脂肪酸品质。结果显示,两个猪种背最长肌中共检出30种脂肪酸,其中23种脂肪酸在两个猪种间有显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）;除SFA2/SFA1和ω-6 PUFA /ω-3 PUFA外,南阳黑猪其他指标均高于大白猪;SFA1、MUFA、PUFA、SFA、UFA、UFA/SFA、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、EFA、CLA、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA 11个指标在两个猪种间存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）,SFA2和PUFA/MUFA在两个猪种间无显著差异（P>0.05）。综合以上结果,南阳黑猪肌肉脂肪酸品质总体优于大白猪。 相似文献
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Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fatty Acid in Nanyang Black Pig and Large White Pig 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The experiment was carried out to study the composition and contents of fatty acids of Nanyang Black pig, and to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and exploitation of local pig genetic resources in China. 12 Nanyang Black pigs and 12 Large White pigs were chosen, and the composition and contents of fatty acids in longissimus dorsi muscle were measured, and the quality of fatty acids was comprehensive evaluated from nutrition, health, flavor and storage aspects. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), 12-16 carbon saturated fatty acids (SFA1), other saturated fatty acids (SFA2), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), SFA2/SFA1, MUFA/PUFA, essential fatty acid (EFA), conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), PUFA/SFA and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA were used as the indexes of multiple comparison. The results showed that there were 30 kinds of fatty acids were detected and 23 of them had significant or extremely significant differences between the two pig breeds (P<0.05;P<0.01). Nanyang Black pig had higher values of above measured indexes than that of Large White pig in addition to SFA2/SFA1 and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA. 11 indexes such as SFA1,MUFA,PUFA,SFA,UFA, UFA/SFA,SFA2/SFA1,PUFA/MUFA, EFA,CLA, PUFA/SFA and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA differed significantly or extremely significantly between the two pig breeds (P<0.05;P<0.01), while SFA2 and PUFA/MUFA had no significant differences between the two pig breeds (P>0.05). In conclusion, the fatty acids of Nanyang Black pig were significantly better than that of Large White pig. 相似文献
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体重和营养对八眉猪脂肪组织脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用气相色谱法分析了4个体重阶段、3个营养水平共7组42头八眉猪的背膘和板油的脂肪酸组成。统计分析表明:随着体重的增大,脂肪组织中各种饱和脂肪酸比例均上升(P<0.01);在不饱和脂肪酸中,油酸比例稳定,棕榈油酸和亚油酸比例下降(P<0.01),亚麻酸比例上升(P<0.01),花生油酸比例先上升、稳定后又下降(P<0.01);SFA总量增加、UFA总量及PUFA总量减少(P<0.01)。降低日粮营养水平,可以明显地提高油酸和亚麻酸的比例(P<0.05)、增加UFA总量和PUFA总量、提高PUFA总量与SFA总量之比值、减少SFA总量(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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Ju‐Hwan LEE Ichiro YAMAMOTO Jin‐Suk JEONG Toshihiro NADE Toshiro ARAI Nobuhiro KIMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(5):689-697
The amount of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) is intimately related to adipose softness, melting point (MP) and flavor in beef. Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) is a main gene involved in MUFA synthesis. Mature adipose tends to be highly saturated, whereas immature or maturing adipose is highly unsaturated when chronologically based, so the degree of non‐saturation can be an index of adipose maturity. In this study, three different adipose tissues (coelomic (CL), perirenal (PR), and subcutaneous (SC)) from three beef breeds with differing slaughter ages (Japanese Black (29.5 months), Holstein (20.1 month), and F1 crossbreed (25.6 months)) were examined to: (i) determine adipose maturity level as indexed by MUFA %; and (ii) determine SCD and other lipogenic gene messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in relation to unsaturated fatty acid content. Fatty acid composition was significantly different between adipose tissues (P < 0.05). MUFA amount was high in the following order: SC > CL > PR. This pattern corresponded to SCD mRNA expression profile showing higher expression in SC than CL and PR. However, Japanese black cattle are an exception with CL adipose containing similar UFA % as SC adipose, yet having the lowest SCD mRNA expression level among all adipose tissues tested. Therefore, SCD mRNA expression and MUFA % appear to be directly related; however, differences in SCD mRNA expression among three adipose tissues may reflect differences in the fat development characteristics affected by chronological age of the cattle breeds. 相似文献
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日粮中添加整粒油籽对绵羊体脂脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
日粮中分别添加相当于40 g粗脂肪的油菜籽(canola)、油葵籽、红花籽和亚麻籽,饲喂成年母羊35 d后屠宰,用气相色谱技术测定了背最长肌、尾部、背膘和肾脏4个部位脂肪的脂肪酸(FA)组成,结果表明:1)红花籽可显著降低肌肉中的短链、长链饱和脂肪酸及总饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的比例,而增加单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和总不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的比例,而添加油菜籽对肌肉的FA无显著影响;2)油葵显著降低了尾部短链和中链脂肪酸,提高了多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)与SFA的比值(P:S),油菜籽可显著降低尾部短链脂肪酸;3)添加亚麻籽有增加所有组织UFA和P:S值,降低SFA的趋势,但只有背膘脂肪中的PUFA显著增高;4)各类油籽对脂肪组织中的总SFA和MUFA无明显影响,其中肾脏脂肪受影响最小. 相似文献
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白耳黄鸡生产性能和肉质性状的研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
对白耳黄鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、常规肉质、胸腿肌化学成分、肌肉组织学特性、胸肌氨基酸和脂肪酸含量等指标进行了研究。白耳黄鸡公母鸡的屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率、蛋白质含量、氨基酸总量、腹脂率、人体必需氨基酸含量、必需脂肪酸含量等分别为89.23/90.18%,16.65/18.09%,22.37/21.91%,23.64/25.30%,206.29/218.8mg/g,1.64/2.39%,92.78/96.75mg/g,30.69/29.52%。结果表明,白耳黄鸡的各指标都表现优良,其具有屠宰性能好,肉质优良,必需氨基酸和脂肪酸含量高,腹脂率低等特点,是一个值得推广的地方优良品种。 相似文献
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Fatty acid composition of total lipid extracts of muscle and adipose samples from crossbred bulls (N = 34) and steers (N = 35) was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Samples of semitendinosus, triceps brachii and longissimus muscle and of subcutaneous and perinephric adipose tissue were excised from the right side of each carcass. In addition, thin-layer chromatography was utilized to obtain phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions from total lipid extracts of semitendinosus and longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue from 10 bull and steer cohorts (N = 20). The most prominent sex condition effect was in percentage of total poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Bull tissues contained higher (P less than .01) percentages of PUFA than those of steers at all sampling sites. This reflected higher percentages of linoleate (C18:2), linolenate (C18:3) and arachidonate (C20:4) in bull tissues. Most of the PUFA were present as phospholipids in muscle samples. The fatty acid composition of muscle phospholipids was similar regardless of sex condition or muscle sampled. Total lipid extracts of semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles of both bulls and steers contained from 6 to 10% more unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) compared with M. longissimus. Muscle triacylglycerols contained relatively high percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Semitendinosus and longissimus samples from steers contained higher (P less than .05 and P less than .01, respectively) percentages of total SFA than those from bulls. Steer samples contained slightly higher percentages of palmitic acid (C16:0) compared with bulls at all sampling sites, and this difference was significant for M. longissimus. The fat:lean ratio of muscle tissue is the major factor that determines fatty acid composition. 相似文献
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1990年,甘肃省庆阳市开始引入辽宁绒山羊对子午岭黑山羊进行杂交改良,但目前尚不清楚2个品种在脂肪酸含量、肌肉营养成分等方面的差异,影响了杂交改良效果。试验旨在分析两个绒山羊品种的产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量差异,为绒山羊的杂交改良提供理论依据。本研究选取相同饲养管理条件下、9月龄的子午岭黑山羊和辽宁绒山羊公羊各5只,测定其屠宰性能以及背最长肌、前腿肌和后腿肌处的肉品质、脂肪酸含量和肌肉营养成分。结果表明：子午岭黑山羊的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率、眼肌面积、GR值、剪切力和滴水损失低于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.05）,但其肌肉的平均亮度值、色度值、pH1和pH24高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）。营养成分测定结果表明,子午岭黑山羊肌肉的水分和粗灰分含量高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.05）,但肌内脂肪和粗蛋白含量低于辽宁绒山羊。在2个山羊品种的肌肉中均检测到11 种饱和脂肪酸（SFA,以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主）、10种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA,以亚油酸和顺-11,14-二十碳二烯酸为主）和6种单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA,以油酸为主）,子午岭黑山羊肉中的SFA、PUFA、n-3 PUFA、n-6 PUFA含量和PUFA/SFA值均高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）,但MUFA含量低于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）。结果表明,辽宁绒山羊有更高的产肉力,但子午岭黑山羊肌肉品质和营养成分更佳,脂肪酸组成和含量更符合人类健康膳食标准。 相似文献