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蜜蜂是社会性昆虫,在不断进化过程中为适应千变万化的气候及蜜源植物流蜜特点。不同地区、不同品种的蜜蜂形成了不同的生物学特性。而蜜蜂的生物学特性可分为蜜蜂个体生物学特性和蜜蜂群体生物学特性,所有的生物学特性都对蜂群的生存具有一定的意义。其中,某些特性如蜜蜂的繁殖力、采集力、抗病力、分蜂性、抗逆性等,与蜂群的发展及生产力的关系最为密切。因此掌握蜜蜂的生物学特性,科学养殖蜜蜂,对提高养蜂生产具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(7)
为了探究不同品种玉米的饲料加工特性,试验采集了全国7个省区69个玉米样品,共53个品种,分别测定了其营养成分及粉碎过两种筛片(孔径1.5 mm和2.0 mm)的物理特性、热特性和糊化特性。并分析了不同品种指标的变异系数及差异显著性。结果表明,不同产地、不同品种的玉米营养成分、物理特性、热特性及糊化特性均存在不同程度的差异。玉米的糊化特性较玉米的营养成分、物理特性、热特性变异系数大。粉碎粒度对玉米的物理特性、糊化特性及热特性均存在不同程度的影响。粉碎粒度为1.5 mm与粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的玉米粉样品的平均粒径、颗粒表面积、休止角和摩擦系数的差异是显著的(P0.05)。其中,粉碎粒度为1.5 mm的比粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的玉米粉样品的平均粒径小,而粉碎粒度为1.5 mm的比粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的玉米粉样品的颗粒表面积、休止角与摩擦系数要大。每个温度值下,粉碎粒度为1.5 mm的比热均值均比粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的玉米粉样品的比热均值显著小(P0.05)。粉碎过1.5 mm筛片孔径的玉米粉样品黏度参数值明显高于2.0 mm的(P0.05),可见粉碎粒度对玉米粉的黏度特性的影响较大,且粉碎粒度越大,淀粉越难糊化。文中玉米的营养成分、物理特性、糊化特性及热特性可对饲料加工过程中清选、粉碎、配料、混合、调质、制粒、冷却工艺参数优化以及颗粒料成型特性与适口性的预测和改善提供理论依据。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(9)
为了探究不同品种大麦的饲料加工特性,文章采集了13个品种的大麦样品。测定了其营养成分及粉碎后(筛片孔径1.5 mm和2.0 mm)的物理特性、热特性和黏度特性。并分析了不同品种指标的变异系数及显著性差异。结果表明:不同品种的大麦营养成分物理特性、热特性、黏度特性均存在不同程度的差异。不同品种大麦营养成分差异显著。粉碎粒度对各样品除粉碎特性以外的物理特性指标影响并不明显。大麦样品的比热值随温度的升高而增大,在各温度点基本处于中等变异,差异并不显著。过1.5 mm筛片孔径的大麦粉黏度参数值明显高于2.0 mm的,可见粉碎粒度对大麦粉的黏度特性的影响较大,且粉碎粒度越大淀粉越难以糊化。文章数据及结论可为饲料加工过程中粉碎、调质、制粒、冷却等加工工艺参数优化,以及颗粒饲料成型特性的预测与产品质量的改善提供理论依据。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(15)
为了研究不同品种小麦的饲料加工特性,采集了全国不同地区的59个小麦样品,共51个小麦品种,并逐一测定了每个样品的营养组分及粉碎过两种筛片(1.5 mm和2.0 mm)后的物理特性、热特性和糊化特性。文中分析了不同品种小麦各指标的差异,结果表明,不同品种小麦在营养组分、物理特性、热特性及糊化特性上均存在不同程度的差异,其中,糊化特性的差异最为显著。粉碎粒度对饲料原料的加工特性有重要影响。试验表明,小麦的粉碎粒度对其物理特性、热特性及糊化特性均有影响。粉碎粒度为1.5 mm和粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的小麦样品在平均粒径、颗粒表面积、休止角、热导率、摩擦系数上均有显著差异(P0.01)。粉碎粒度为1.5 mm的小麦比粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的小麦平均粒径小,但颗粒表面积更大。小麦的粉碎粒度越小,其休止角和摩擦系数越大。在每个温度值下,粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的小麦比热均显著(P0.05)比粉碎粒度为1.5 mm的小麦比热小。粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的小麦各黏度参数明显低于粉碎粒度为1.5 mm的小麦(P0.01),说明粉碎粒度对小麦糊化的影响较大。实验测定的不同品种小麦的营养组分、物理特性、热特性及糊化特性参数是饲料加工工艺理论研究的重要基础数据,可以为饲料加工的各个环节的工艺参数优化提供理论依据,包括原料清选、粉碎、混合、配料、制粒、调质、冷却等。 相似文献
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为研究猪霍乱沙门氏菌C79102株的菌种特性,制备了一批猪霍乱沙门氏菌C79102株,并对菌种的真空度、纯粹、剩余水分、培养特性、形态及生化特性、血清学特性、特异性、毒力等进行检定,重点对菌种的毒力进行研究。试验结果表明,该冻干菌种的真空度、纯粹、剩余水分、培养特性、形态及生化特性、血清学特性均符合《中华人民共和国兽用生物制品规程》二〇〇〇版质量标准的规定,特异性检验结果显示C79102在含1%醋酸铊的普通肉汤中不生长,毒力试验结果显示,不同制备方法获得的肉肝胃消化汤培养的菌液毒力差异明显。本研究可以为猪霍乱沙门氏菌的制备和检定提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献