共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
不同蛋白源替代鱼粉的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鱼粉是水产饲料中不可缺少的优质蛋白源。但随着集约化养殖的迅猛发展，鱼粉的需求量急剧上升。然而，由于过度捕捞及厄尔尼诺等现象的影响，世界鱼粉的总产量正逐年下降，严重制约了水产养殖业的进一步发展。找到能部分或完全替代鱼粉的蛋白源已成为水产动物营养研究中的一个热点。文章综述国内外在水产养殖中用不同蛋白源替代鱼粉的研究现状，以期为水产饲料的科学配制提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
水产动物饲料中大豆蛋白代替鱼粉的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1水产动物饲料中用大豆蛋白代替鱼粉的必要性与畜禽不同，水产动物对饲料中的蛋白质水平要求较高，一般是畜禽的2倍-4倍，水产动物饲料中的蛋白源几乎依赖于鱼粉。由于厄尔尼诺等不良气候影响及过度捕捞，导致全球鱼粉供应量持续下降，而据国际渔业协会的调查表明，近年来... 相似文献
3.
渔业和水产养殖产品在满足不断增长的人口粮食需求方面发挥着重要作用。鱼粉是水产养殖业中最主要的蛋白来源之一,然而由于资源存量变化和海洋环境的恶化,导致鱼粉价格攀升和产量下降,亟需寻求新型可替代蛋白源来满足水产养殖业的可持续性发展。单细胞蛋白是从藻类、真菌和细菌等单细胞微生物中提取的一种蛋白原料,目前被广泛用作水产动物配方中的蛋白质/氨基酸来源、脂肪酸来源以及生物活性成分来源,且在配方中的占比正在逐步增加。文章重点介绍了单细胞蛋白作为饲料蛋白原料在水产养殖营养和水产膨化饲料中的应用现状。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
蛋白质是鱼类生长的主要营养物质,水产饲料配方中蛋白质含量一般是畜禽饲料中的2~4倍,通常占配方的25%~50%,甚至更多。因此,作为水产动物重要的蛋白源的提供者——鱼粉在水产饲料配方中占有重要的作用。然而,一方面由于全球气候变化、环境恶化和过度捕捞等造成渔业生物资源衰退,鱼粉获量越来越少;另一方面,近几年鱼粉的消费结构发生了很大的变化,水产养殖产量的提高,鱼粉市场需求旺盛,导致鱼粉价格不断上涨。鱼粉短缺已成为全球水产饲料工业面临的最大难题之一。鱼粉源于自然资源,在需求总体增长的情况下,鱼粉趋少、趋贵的走势在所难免,要维持以鱼粉为主要蛋白源的水产养殖业稳定的、持续的发展,开辟鱼粉替代品迫在眉睫。大量的研究资料表明,用丰富的动植物蛋白源、单细胞蛋白源和藻粉部分或完全代替鱼粉是可行的。本期我们邀请了厦门大学教授艾春香以"鱼粉替代——鱼粉高价运行下水产配合饲料研发的技术对策"为题,分三个方面就鱼粉替代的必要性及可行性、鱼粉替代的技术方案和鱼粉替代研究与应用存在的问题进行了深入的论述,相信会给行业同仁带来启迪和借鉴。 相似文献
7.
传统上,鱼粉一直是鱼、虾饲料中的主要蛋白源。由于水产养殖业的迅猛发展,鱼粉供不应求的状况将会发生。因此,饲料生产者不得不寻求替代鱼粉的蛋白原料,未来的鱼虾饲料将会主要由植物蛋白原料组成。大豆浓缩蛋白目前看来是各种植物蛋白中的首选,因为该产品含有平衡的氨基酸组成和极高的蛋白质消化率。实践证明大豆浓缩蛋白是替代鱼粉的优质蛋白原料。 相似文献
8.
鱼粉氧化对水产动物健康的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鱼粉是饲料的重要原料，尤其是水产动物配合饲料中不可缺少的动物性蛋白源(鱼粉在水产配合饲料中的比例30％～50％，甚至更高)，其蛋白含量高、品质好、氨基酸组成适于与其他饲料原料配伍，赖氨酸和蛋氨酸含量高，而精氨酸含量低，与大多数饲料原料的氨基酸组成相反。含丰富的矿物质及维生素。 相似文献
9.
鱼粉是水产动物饲料蛋白质的主要原料，但全球鱼粉供应量逐年下降，难以满足水产业的需要。本从动物性蛋白源、植物性蛋白源和单细胞蛋白源等几方面综述了鱼粉替代物在水产动物营养中的应用。 相似文献
10.
《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2013,(6):68
1主要应用对象1)单胃动物和反刍动物。猪、鸡、牛等动物饲料需要高质量蛋白质,尤其是幼龄动物日粮。因为幼龄动物处于生长旺盛期,对蛋白需求和氨基酸平衡要求较高,而且鱼粉中氨基酸比例与动物所需的比较接近。2)水产动物。鱼、蟹、虾等水产动物饲料中蛋白质的主要原料就是鱼粉,鱼粉与水产动物所需的氨 相似文献
11.
12.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
13.
14.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
15.
16.
以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
17.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
18.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
19.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献