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采用水培法,研究山蚂蝗种质在不同的盐分浓度梯度胁迫下的植株形态反应、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量和质膜透性.对15份山蚂蝗种质的苗期耐盐性进行了综合评价.结果 表明:存活苗数随盐浓度的升高而降低;脯氨酸含量、质膜透性随盐浓度的升高而升高;而叶绿素的变化表现出的规律则不明显.综合评价15份山蚂蝗种质,幼苗的耐盐性强弱顺序为:0... 相似文献
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黑麦草属9个品种萌发及苗期耐盐性研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
通过不同浓度的NaCl对黑麦草属Lolium 9个品种的种子和幼苗期进行处理,研究其对相对发芽率、相对发芽势、发芽进程、盐害级别、生长高度、相对地上生物量、细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量、叶片相对含水量、叶片脯氨酸含量等的影响,筛选出主要的耐盐指标和耐盐性强的品种.结果表明:随着盐浓度的升高,相对发芽率、相对发芽势、生长高度、相对地上生物量、叶片相对含水量呈现出下降的趋势;细胞膜透性、叶片脯氨酸含量与盐浓度成正比;而叶绿素的变化表现出的规律则不明显.通过萌发期和苗期耐盐性的综合评价得出,草坪型爱神特、金石和饲用型海湾属耐盐材料,而草坪型美达丽、夜影,饲用型凤凰属敏感材料,其他材料属中等耐盐材料. 相似文献
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以18份引进紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)为材料,采用5种不同浓度NaCl下进行温室苗期耐盐性评价试验.结果表明,地上生物量、地下生物量、株高、存活率这4项指标随盐胁迫浓度的增加都呈递减趋势,且浓度间差异极显著(P<0.01),0.3%盐浓度偏小,不足以反映盐胁迫程度,而0.6%盐浓度过于偏大,导致试验后期幼苗枯萎、死亡,不适合作为引进紫花苜蓿耐盐,陛评价盐浓度.这4项指标作为耐盐性评价是最直观、最有效的方法.从耐盐生理评价显示,质膜透性和脯氨酸含量随着盐浓度的增加而增加,浓度间差异极显著(P<0.01),这两项指标也可作为耐盐性评价的辅助指标.综合以上耐盐性评价结果显示,材料13、14较耐盐,材料5、6、9、10、17耐盐性较差,其他11份材料为中等耐盐. 相似文献
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以18份引进紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L).为材料,采用5种不同浓度NaCl下进行温室苗期耐盐性评价试验。结果表明,地上生物量、地下生物量、株高、存活率这4项指标随盐胁迫浓度的增加都呈递减趋势,且浓度间差异极显著(P<0.01),0.3%盐浓度偏小,不足以反映盐胁迫程度,而0.6%盐浓度过于偏大,导致试验后期幼苗枯萎、死亡,不适合作为引进紫花苜蓿耐盐性评价盐浓度。这4项指标作为耐盐性评价是最直观、最有效的方法。从耐盐生理评价显示,质膜透性和脯氨酸含量随着盐浓度的增加而增加,浓度间差异极显著(P<0.01),这两项指标也可作为耐盐性评价的辅助指标。综合以上耐盐性评价结果显示,材料13、14较耐盐,材料5、6、9、10、17耐盐性较差,其他11份材料为中等耐盐。 相似文献
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以3种冷季型草坪草黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)和草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)种子为材料,研究了6个NaCl浓度(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%)处理下的种子萌发和幼苗生长指标。结果表明:随着盐浓度的升高,3种冷季型草坪草种子发芽势、发芽率、相对发芽势、相对发芽率和发芽指数均受到不同程度的抑制,盐浓度越高抑制越明显。3种冷季型草坪草的相对发芽势、相对发芽率与盐浓度均呈抛物线趋势。黑麦草、高羊茅和早熟禾的临界耐盐浓度分别为1.09%,1.11%和1.10%。高羊茅种子萌发期的耐盐性最好,其次,早熟禾和黑麦草。早熟禾幼苗生物量的下降幅度较小,细胞膜透性和脯氨酸含量的增加幅度较大,幼苗耐盐性表现为早熟禾高羊茅黑麦草。从种子萌发和幼苗生长状况综合分析,3种草坪草中高羊茅的耐盐性较好,可用于盐渍土草坪建植,有利于更好地发挥其耐盐和改良作用。 相似文献
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不同盐生境下硅对高羊茅生物量及生理生化特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用水培实验研究了不同盐生境下硅对高羊茅幼苗生物量及生理生化特征的影响。研究结果表明,高羊茅幼苗生物量随着盐浓度增加而逐渐降低,200 mmol/L的盐浓度为高羊茅幼苗的临界盐浓度,盐浓度小于该临界值时,添加硅显著增加了高羊茅幼苗生物量;盐浓度大于该临界值时,硅对高羊茅幼苗生物量没有明显影响,说明硅调节盐生境下高羊茅的生长能力与环境内的盐浓度密切相关。在盐浓度临界值之内,水培条件下硅通过增加盐胁迫下高羊茅幼苗体内SOD、CAT、POD活性,降低盐胁迫条件下高羊茅幼苗体内的丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和相对电导率,其中盐浓度为100 mmol/L时,丙二醛含量降幅最大,为18.05%,当盐浓度为50 mmol/L时,脯氨酸含量降幅最大,为23.63%。这不仅说明了硅可增强高羊茅幼苗适应盐生境的能力,而且证明了硅直接参与了盐胁迫条件下高羊茅的生理生化过程。 相似文献
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为研究不同盐生境下硅对不同抗盐品种高羊茅(抗性强的XD和抗性弱的K31)耐盐性的影响,采用盆栽试验研究了添加硅对不同盐生境下两个高羊茅品种形态指标和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:两个高羊茅品种的株高、分蘖数、叶片数、叶长、叶宽、地上含水量和生物量均随盐浓度增加呈降低趋势,而SOD、CAT和POD活性呈先增加后降低趋势,其中盐浓度为150、100mmol·L~(-1)时XD和K31的保护酶活性分别达到峰值。添加硅显著增加了两个高羊茅品种的株高、分蘖数、叶片数、叶长、地上含水量、地上生物量、SOD、CAT和POD(P0.05),但两个品种高羊茅对硅响应存在盐浓度分异,具体表现为:盐浓度≤50mmol·L~(-1)时添加硅显著增加了XD分蘖数和叶片数(P0.05),而对K31无显著影响;盐浓度≤100mmol·L~(-1)时加硅显著增加了XD的株高、叶长、地上生物量、SOD和CAT活性,盐浓度为150、200mmol·L~(-1)时,加硅显著增加了K31的株高、叶长、地上生物量、SOD、POD和CAT活性(P0.05);硅仅在盐浓度≥200mmol·L~(-1)时显著增加了K31的地上含水量(P0.05),而对XD地上含水量在任何盐浓度下均无显著影响。说明添加硅能够增强高羊茅的耐盐性,而且增强程度因盐浓度和高羊茅品种存在分异,在较高盐渍化条件下,硅对抗盐性较弱品种耐盐性增强的幅度大于抗盐性较强品种,使得抗盐性较弱的高羊茅品种能够通过添加硅肥而适应盐浓度较高的盐渍化土壤,扩大其适应范围成为可能。 相似文献
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试验以3个紫羊茅新品系（SAGS-05054,SAGS-05055,SAGS-05056）为材料,以国外品种＂极地＂紫羊茅为对照,从相对含水量、细胞膜透性（RPP）、游离脯氨酸（Pro）、丙二醛（MDA）等方面对紫羊茅品系抗旱性进行系统评价,结果表明：模拟干旱胁迫下,供试材料叶片含水量和叶绿素总含量总体呈递减趋势,相对电导率和丙二醛含量呈递增趋势,游离脯氨酸含量先递增,达峰值后略微下降,各测定生理指标间相关性均达极显著。隶属函数抗旱性分析排序：＂SAGS-05056＂〉＂极地＂〉＂SAGS-05055＂〉＂SAGS-05054＂。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献