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1.
将益生茵L.casei Zhang以2.0x107 cfu/g的接种量接种在马乳中进行发酵,测定其发酵特性及28 d贮藏期间人工消化液的耐受性.结果表明,在发酵结束(pH 4.5)时,活茵数较接种时增加了1.11个对数单位.在28 d贮藏期间,发酵马乳样品pH降低了0.35个单位,滴定酸度增加了16°T,活茵数保持在108 cfu/g以上.贮藏28 d后,发酵马乳样品中L.casei Zhang在pH 2.5和2.0人工胃液消化3 h后,其存活率分别为100.6%和46.22%,又经人工肠液消化8 h后,存活率分别降为74.83%和11.04%.L caseiZhang保持良好的贮藏稳定性及较好的人工消化液耐受性,显示了其应用于发酵乳制品中良好的潜力. 相似文献
2.
益生菌干酪乳杆菌Zhang和双歧杆菌V9发酵豆乳的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang和Bifidobacterium animalis V9单独及混合(1:1)发酵豆乳及以其制作的活性豆乳饮料进行研究,并测定了豆乳37℃发酵期间及活性豆乳饮料4℃28d贮藏期间的pH、TA、FAN和活菌数。结果表明,豆乳发酵过程中,混合发酵豆乳酸度变化大于单独发酵且可有效缩短发酵时间;B.animalis V9发酵的豆乳FAN含量变化最大。活性豆乳饮料贮藏期间,含有B.animalis V9活性豆乳饮料的pH值和TA变化不明显,含有L.casei Zhang活性豆乳饮料的pH值显著降低,TA显著升高;所有样品的FAN在贮藏7d期间显著下降,之后变化不明显;在28d贮藏结束时,L.casei Zhang和B.animalis V9单独及混合发酵豆乳饮料时活菌数分别是2.28×109cfu/g、4.27×108cfu/g、1.56×109cfu/g和2.8×108cfu/g。本研究初步表明,在豆乳中L.casei Zhang和B.animalis V9混合发酵优于单独发酵,在活性豆乳饮料中L.casei Zhang和B.animalis V9具有优良的贮藏稳定性,显示了其应用于发酵豆乳制品具有良好的潜力。 相似文献
3.
益生菌Lb. casei Zhang 在酸乳中发酵特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将益生菌Lb.casei Zhang分别以0、2×106、4×106、1×107 cfu/g的添加量,与商业酸乳发酵剂YC-X11共同接种进行酸乳制备.分别在发酵及贮藏期间测定酸乳样品的pH值、粘度及S.thermophilus,L.delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus和Lb.casei Zhang的活菌数,并对上述指标之间的相关性进行了分析.结果表明,在发酵6 h后,添加Lb.casei Zhang的酸乳样品,其pH值变化及S.thermophilus和L.delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus的活菌数均与对照组差异不明显(p＜0.05),且各组酸乳样品测定指标间无相关性(p＜0.05).变温贮藏21 d期间,添加Lb.casei Zhang的酸乳样品,其pH值、粘度、脱水收缩敏感性及S.thermophilus的活菌数与对照组差异不显著(p＜0.05);添加Lb.casei Zhang的酸乳样品中L. delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus的活菌数明显低于对照组(p＜0.05). Lb.casei Zhang的添加量为2×106和1×107 cfu/g时,样品pH值均与粘度呈显著正相关(p＜0.05),添加量4×106 cfu/g的Lb.casei Zhang时,样品粘度与脱水收缩敏感性及pH值与活菌数均呈显著负相关(p＜0.05). 相似文献
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去甲肾上腺素和睾酮对低温保存犬精子的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验就去甲肾上腺素和睾酮对低温保存犬精子的影响液进行了研究。试验结果表明：①稀释液—Tris-葡萄糖稀释液（Tris3．04％,柠檬酸1．7％,葡萄糖1．25％,卵黄20％）中加入去甲肾上腺素后,犬精液低温保存的效果显著优于对照稀释液和加入睾酮的稀释液,在4℃保存4d后,加入去甲肾上腺素的稀释液中的精子活率高达0．6500-0．01378,精子活率〉0-3的存活时间达8．3333±2．5819d,而对照稀释液和加入睾酮的稀释液中的精子活率分别只有0．45±0．16和0．36±0．11,精子活率〉0．3的存活时间分别为5．67±1．75和4．67±1．03。②对去甲肾上腺素的不同的4种添加剂量研究后发现,100μL稀释液中加入15μL去甲肾上腺素时犬精子低温保存的效果最好。 相似文献
7.
通过考察牛体细胞核移植重构胚在无血清培养基（IVD101、G1／G2）条件下培养的囊胚发育率及其质量,从而评估无血清培养基支持牛体细胞核移植重构胚体外发育的能力。采用IVD101和G1／G2对牛体细胞核移植胚胎进行体外培养,并以CR1aa＋5％FBS作为对照组。无血清培养基IVD101和G1／G2的囊胚发育率与对照组无显著性差异（41．2％±9．1％、42．2％±10．8％,48．0％±9．2％,P〉0．05）。通过囊胚差异染色和冷冻／解冻胚胎存活率分析胚胎质量,发现无血清培养基ICM／Total略低于对照组（31．8％±10．5％、29．5％±11．9％vs ．33．0％±14．8％）,但无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;3个组别的囊胚经程序化冷冻／解冻后无血清培养基的存活率（IVD101、G1／G2）略高于对照组,但差异不显著（84．8％、80．4％＇US．77．3％,P〉0．05）。结果证明无血清培养基（IVD101、G1／G2）可以支持体细胞核移植重构胚的体外发育,且其对程序化冷冻的耐受性与添加血清组（CR1aa＋5％FBS）相似。 相似文献
8.
本试验分别对发酵床猪舍和传统猪舍的H2S和NH3浓度进行测定。上午8时发酵床猪舍H2S（mg/m3）浓度为：保育舍（3．14＋0．32）、母猪舍（2．25±0．47）、育肥合（2．31±0．21）,NH3（mg/3）浓度为：保育舍（2．54±0．62）、母猪舍（4．61±0．94）、育肥舍（1．24±0．75）;传统猪舍H2S（mg/m3）浓度为：保育舍（5．42±1．63）、母猪舍（6．41±1．73）、育肥舍（7．92±1．46）,NH3（mg／m3）浓度为：保育舍（4．84±0．87）、母猪舍（7．42±1．15）、育肥舍（8．26±1．35）。试验结果表明,发酵床猪舍H2S和NH3浓度显著低于传统猪舍。 相似文献
9.
表达传染性支气管炎S1基因和IFN-γ基因重组鸡痘病毒安全性与最适免疫剂量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对共表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因和II型干扰素基因的重组鸡痘病毒（rFPV-IFNγS1）冻干疫苗进行安全性和最适免疫剂量的研究。取冻干疫苗,加生理盐水恢复至冻干前体积,分别取0.1 mL经翅内侧无血管处皮下接种1周龄SPF鸡,接种剂量为1.0×10^5PFU,接种后3 d出现局部反应,5 d局部肿胀达到最大,接种鸡无其它全身反应,精神、食欲以及发育等均不受影响,说明重组病毒对实验鸡是安全的。将重组疫苗用生理盐水作倍比稀释后翅内侧无血管处皮下接种4周龄SPF鸡,接种剂量为1.0×10^1-1.0×10^4PFU,免疫后3周攻击传染性支气管炎病毒LX4株。结果表明,在接种剂量为1.0×10^2-1.0×10^4PFU的剂量范围内均可以使全部实验鸡产生局部反应,并对IBV的攻击形成保护,降低免疫鸡的发病率和死亡率,发病保护率达到73%以上;1.0×10^1PFU接种实验鸡后,仅有5/11的鸡出现局部反应,对IBV攻击的发病保护率为64%,与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）。以上结果说明,疫苗接种后的局部反应与重组疫苗的免疫效力之间具有相关性,根据疫苗生产使用实际情况确定传染性支气管炎重组鸡痘病毒疫苗的最适免疫剂量为10^3PFU。 相似文献
10.
彭阳县现有人工草地约6．67×10^4hm^2,天然草地约4．17×10^4hm^2,是全县畜牧业发展的根本保证,也是农牧民增收致富的物质基础。但鼠类对草场的危害不容忽视, 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
18.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献