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1.
为明确成都平原水稻直播技术的适宜品种和配套高产栽培技术,以杂交籼稻‘德香4103’和常规籼稻‘金农丝苗’为材料开展了田间试验,调查测定了直播、机插秧及人工移栽等3 种栽培方式的生育期、分蘖成穗、叶面积消长、干物质积累、产量及其构成因素。结果表明,栽培方式间产量的差异与品种有关,杂交籼稻品种直播产量与人工移栽产量相当,高于机插秧;常规籼稻直播产量最高,机插其次,人工移栽最低。此外,直播稻群体数量增长最快,成穗以主茎和一次低位分蘖为主,抽穗后光合生产能力品种间存在显著差异。直播稻群体规模大,采用常规籼稻直播更有利于协调群体和个体的关系,依靠穗数优势实现高产。  相似文献   

2.
为明确成都平原水稻直播技术的适宜品种和配套高产栽培技术,以杂交籼稻‘德香4103’和常规籼稻‘金农丝苗’为材料开展了田间试验,调查测定了直播、机插秧及人工移栽等3种栽培方式的生育期、分蘖成穗、叶面积消长、干物质积累、产量及其构成因素。结果表明,栽培方式间产量的差异与品种有关,杂交籼稻品种直播产量与人工移栽产量相当,高于机插秧;常规籼稻直播产量最高,机插其次,人工移栽最低。此外,直播稻群体数量增长最快,成穗以主茎和一次低位分蘖为主,抽穗后光合生产能力品种间存在显著差异。直播稻群体规模大,采用常规籼稻直播更有利于协调群体和个体的关系,依靠穗数优势实现高产。  相似文献   

3.
江淮地区稻田基础土壤肥力与水稻合理施用技术研究   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  
摘要：针对江淮地区杂交中籼稻生产中由于重氮轻磷钾,养分运筹不合理等现象,对江淮地区5个不同地点通过田间试验方法研究了江淮地区稻田的基础地力、农民习惯施肥以及专家推荐施肥与产量的关系,为提高稻农的施肥水平,为安徽省江淮地区稻区制定高产、优质栽培技术提供理论依据。结果表明,江淮地区稻田基础地力、施肥增产幅度、肥料贡献率呈现出明显的地域差异。江淮地区农民习惯施肥肥料结构水稻生产具有氮磷钾数量不足、比例不适、不同区域差异较大的特点。专家推荐施肥在减少氮用量,采用适宜的氮肥运筹方式,增加磷钾肥用量有明显的增产效果,能协调养分平衡,适时满足水稻高产对养分的需求,提高肥料的效益和利用率,达到以对高产高效的目的。根据本田间试验结果,安徽省江淮地区推荐水稻600-650公斤/亩产量水平的氮磷钾用量：氮肥（N）150～180 kg/hm2,磷肥（P2O5）60～90 kg P2O5 kg/hm2,钾肥（K2O）75～105kg K2O kg/hm2。在氮肥运筹上氮肥总量的40-50%作基肥,20-30%作分蘖肥,20-30%作穗肥施用,磷肥全部做基肥,钾肥60％作基肥,40％ 作拔节肥。  相似文献   

4.
为探明双季稻区不同土壤耕作模式下双季水稻干物质积累及产量的变化,以紫云英-双季稻大田定位试验为平台(设双季水稻翻耕+秸秆还田(CT)、双季水稻旋耕+秸秆还田(RT)、双季水稻免耕+秸秆还田(NT)、双季水稻旋耕+秸秆不还田(RTO,对照)4种土壤耕作处理),于2016-2017年取样,应用常规试验方法系统分析了不同处理条件下早稻和晚稻干物质积累及产量的变化。结果表明,早稻和晚稻各个主要生育期,各处理水稻LAI大小顺序均表现为CTRTNTRTO。早稻和晚稻各个主要生育期,水稻植株的群体根系和地上部总干质量及茎、叶、穗群体干质量均表现为CTRTNTRTO。早稻和晚稻齐穗期和成熟期,根系干质量占总干质量的比例均表现为CTRTNTRTO;齐穗期和成熟期,茎的比例均以RTO处理最高;苗期和分蘖期,叶比例均以NT和RTO处理最大,CT处理最小;早稻和晚稻的成熟期,穗的比例分别以RT和NT处理最大。不同处理早稻和晚稻产量大小顺序均表现为CTRTNTRTO,2个不同年份CT、RT和NT处理早稻产量分别比RTO处理增加733.3,534.1,300.5 kg/hm~2和731.1,556.9,276.2 kg/hm~2;晚稻产量分别比RTO处理增加582.5,399.8,282.9 kg/hm~2和717.6,558.9,345.1 kg/hm~2。总的来说,土壤翻耕和旋耕结合秸秆还田的综合措施水稻干物质总量大而且分配合理,有利于改善产量构成因素,增加水稻产量。  相似文献   

5.
为双季机插稻高产品种的选育和精确定量栽培提供参考依据, 2013年和2014年在长江中游双季稻地区(江西上高), 以19个早稻品种和20个晚稻品种为材料, 在高产栽培条件下明确了双季机插稻叶龄模式参数, 并通过系统聚类分析和方差分析等方法对双季机插稻高产品种特征进行了初步研究。结果表明, 机插早稻主茎平均总叶片数(N)为10.7~12.2, 叶数变幅10~13, 伸长节间数(n)均为4个, 够苗叶龄为N-n+1; 机插晚稻品种N为14.4~15.2, 叶数变幅14~16, n均为5个, 够苗叶龄为N-n。高产类型机插双季稻具有分蘖力中等、成穗率较高、全生育期特别是中后期干物质生产量及单茎干物质量大、中后期叶面积指数(LAI)及单茎叶面积较高、穗型较大、总颖花量大、粒叶比协调和日产量高等基本特征。其中, 高产类型机插早稻生育期110~113 d, 日产量75~79 kg hm -2 d -1, 分蘖力每株2.6~3.4穗, 每穗粒数115~135粒, 千粒重26~28 g; 高产类型机插晚稻115~120 d, 日产量78~82 kg hm -2 d -1, 分蘖力每株4.2~4.8穗, 每穗粒数130~150粒, 千粒重24~27 g。  相似文献   

6.
研究沿江双季稻北缘区晚季籼稻和粳稻产量差异,明确适宜类型品种及高产形成机制。试验于2018—2019年在安徽庐江进行,以当地常规种植的17个籼稻和17个粳稻优质品种(系)为研究对象,比较和分析籼稻和粳稻在产量及构成、物质积累和生育进程方面的差异。结果表明,粳稻与籼稻总体上产量水平相当,但粳稻产量限制因子少,安全齐穗性有优势,具有更高的产量稳产性和生态安全性。高产粳稻主要是通过增加移栽–抽穗期干重来增加总干物质积累,以提高总颖花量和产量。不同穗型粳稻品种生育前中期不同阶段的干物质积累对总颖花量的影响差异较大,其中大穗型(每穗粒数102.3～112.0)和小穗型粳稻(每穗粒数52.0～99.7)干物质优势积累期分别为移栽–穗分化期和穗分化期–抽穗期,与总颖花量的相关系数达到0.709和0.829。进一步分析发现,大穗型粳稻品种移栽–穗分化期干物质积累受穗分化期分蘖数显著影响,而小穗型粳稻品种穗分化–抽穗期干物质积累由抽穗期分蘖数和单茎干重共同影响。综上所述,本研究认为粳稻是沿江双季稻北缘区适宜的双季晚稻品种类型,高产粳稻群体颖花量为33.8×10~3～41.0×10~3 m–2<...  相似文献   

7.
单本密植机插对杂交稻生长和产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为了研究单本密植机插和常规机插对杂交稻分蘖动态、干物质积累、辐射利用率和产量及产量构成的影响,在湖南省浏阳市以杂交稻泰优390、五优308为材料和在广东省肇庆市以五优308为材料,进行印刷播种和常规播种的秧苗素质比较以及单本密植机插和常规机插的大田栽培试验。结果表明,两试验点印刷播种的叶龄、白根数、总根数、茎基宽、地上部干重和地下部干重均明显高于常规播种。单本密植机插的最高分蘖数和有效分蘖数显著低于常规机插,但单本密植机插的每穗粒数、总颖花数、结实率和千粒重高于常规机插,增产10.28%~13.96%,达到显著水平。从穗部性状来看,单本密植机插的一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、穗长、着粒密度和单穗重均显著高于常规机插。在生长前期,单本密植机插的干物质积累和叶面积指数低于常规机插,而成熟期干物质量比常规机插高0.61%~9.45%,且收获指数显著高于常规机插。此外,单本密植机插的截获辐射量和截获率低于常规机插,而辐射利用率显著高于常规机插。由此可见,杂交稻单本密植机插不仅可以降低用种量、提高秧苗素质,还能增加每穗粒数、总颖花数、千粒重及提高结实率、收获指数和辐射利用率,从而获得高产。  相似文献   

8.
了研究华南双季稻区超级稻机械化插秧在不同施肥水平和不同插植密度下的生育特性及产量表现,明确超级稻机械化插秧适宜的施肥水平和插植密度。2012年早、晚季,以常规超级稻‘合美占’为材料进行了(0、120、150、180 kg/hm2) 4个施肥水平和(2.4×105穴/hm2、2.85×105穴/hm2) 2个机械化插秧密度试验,结果表明：在相同施肥水平下,插植密度2.85×105穴/hm2的植株干物质积累、叶面积系数和产量都高于插植密度2.4×105穴/hm2的处理且差异显著;在相同插植密度下,植株干物质积累、叶面积系数、有效穗、产量随着施肥水平的提高而增加的趋势是在中低施肥水平下(120~150 kg/hm2),高肥水平(180 kg/hm2)处理反而下降了,施肥量120 kg/hm2处理氮肥农学利用率最高,SPAD值测定结果没有明显规律性。插植密度2.85×105穴/hm2和施肥量120~150 kg/hm2是广东双季稻区机械化插秧取得高产的适宜栽培方案,说明适当密植和合理施肥是提高产量的有效途径。  相似文献   

9.
近年来,长江中下游地区优质食味水稻的种植面积不断拓展,新型的配套钵苗机插栽培技术增产增效显著。其中,氮肥施用起着主要的调控作用。以江苏优质食味水稻代表性品种南粳9108和南粳5055为材料,在总施纯氮量270 kg hm-2大田氮肥常用量条件下,设置10∶0、9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、4∶6七种基蘖肥与穗肥比例的处理。比较研究不同处理对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及其构成因素、茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累、氮素吸收利用等方面的影响。结果表明,当基蘖肥与穗肥比例为6∶4时产量最高,因其在稳定穗数的基础上,每穗粒数显著高于其他处理,群体颖花量高,同时能显著提高结实率和千粒重。群体茎蘖数随着基蘖肥比例的降低而逐渐减少,穗肥比例较高的处理拔节之后茎蘖数下降平缓,成熟期茎蘖成穗率明显高于穗肥比例较低的处理;6∶4处理生育中、后期群体叶面积指数和干物质积累量均较高,尤其成熟期干物质重以及拔节至成熟期阶段干物质积累量显著大于其他处理。6∶4处理拔节之前的氮素积累量较少,拔节之后氮素积累量和成熟期总吸氮量显著高于其他处理,氮肥表观利用率、氮肥生理利用率、氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力都显著高于其他处理。基蘖肥与穗肥比例为6∶4的氮肥运筹方式,利于在培育适宜穗数的同时,培育大穗,提高结实率和千粒重,协调产量构成因素,优化群体质量,使钵苗机插优质食味水稻达到高产、高效的相互统一。  相似文献   

10.
为探明洞庭湖平原双季稻区不同栽培方式对早稻生育期、干物质积累及产量的影响, 以常规稻和杂交稻为材料, 系统比较研究了塑料软盘育秧抛栽、手插和机插3种栽培方式。结果表明, 与机插相比, 抛栽和手插促进了早稻生育进程, 全生育期缩短, 抛栽和手插分别缩短5~8 d和2~4 d。群体根系和地上部干重均表现为抛栽>手插>机插, 差异均达显著水平。成熟期植株根系和穗干物质占总干物质量的比例为抛栽>手插>机插, 茎干物质的比例为手插>抛栽>机插; 叶干物质比例在分蘖期和齐穗期为机插>手插>抛栽, 灌浆期和成熟期为手插>抛栽>机插。分蘖期、齐穗期和灌浆期, 抛栽和手插水稻叶片SPAD值均显著高于机插; 成熟期, 各处理间无显著差异。水稻叶面积指数表现为抛栽>手插>机插。不同栽培方式间水稻产量差异显著, 抛栽最高, 机插最低; 抛栽和手插分别比机插增产1203.3~1346.7 kg hm-2和776.7~1045.4 kg hm-2。说明不同栽培方式水稻干物质积累和产量有各自特征, 与手插和机插相比, 抛栽处理干物质总量大而且分配合理, 有利于改善产量构成因素, 增加水稻产量。  相似文献   

11.
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.  相似文献   

12.
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.  相似文献   

13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.  相似文献   

14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.  相似文献   

15.
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...  相似文献   

16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
P. A. York  R. Cook 《Euphytica》1989,43(1-2):135-141
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.  相似文献   

18.
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.  相似文献   

19.
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...  相似文献   

20.
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.  相似文献   

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