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1.
Iglesias DJ Levy Y Gómez-Cadenas A Tadeo FR Primo-Millo E Talon M 《Tree physiology》2004,24(9):1027-1034
We analyzed the effects of nitrate availability on growth of Navelina (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) scions grafted on three citrus rootstocks differing in salt tolerance: Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), Citrus macrophylla Wester and Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tanaka). Salt stress reduced total plant biomass by 27-38%, whereas potassium nitrate supplementation partially counteracted this effect by increasing dry matter and new leaf area. Salinized Carrizo citrange had the greatest response to nitrate supplementation, whereas the effects on salinized Cleopatra mandarin and C. macrophylla were less apparent. Nitrogen and chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic activity also increased in leaves of the nitrate-supplemented salinized plants. In salinized plants, nitrate supplementation reduced leaf abscission, stimulated photosynthetic activity and increased growth of new leaves. The nitrate treatment did not modify chloride concentration in leaves, but it reduced chloride concentrations in Carrizo and Macrophylla roots. Therefore, in both rootstocks, chloride content was similar in mature leaves, higher in immature leaves and lower in roots of the nitrate-supplemented salinized plants compared with salinized plants unsupplemented with nitrate. We suggest that the nitrate-induced stimulation of growth reduced chloride concentration in roots through the reallocation of chloride to new leaves. 相似文献
2.
The annual development of Navelina (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) trees budded on three hybrid citrus rootstocks was studied. Two rootstocks, named #23 and #24, were obtained from the cross of Troyer citrange (C. sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) x Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshni Hort. ex Tan.). The third rootstock, named F&A 418, came from a cross of Troyer citrange x common mandarin (C. deliciosa Ten.). Rootstocks #23 and F&A 418 are dwarfing rootstocks and reduce the size of the scion by about 75%. Rootstock #24 yields a standard size scion. Major growth differences that influenced tree size were apparent during the first summer after grafting and appeared to be related to fruit productivity, because defruiting the dwarfed scions caused a significant increase in vegetative shoot development, including summer sprouting. The reduced growth of the dwarfed scions was not restored by hormone application, indicating that a hormonal deficiency is unlikely to be the primary reason for scion dwarfing, although differences in gibberellin concentrations were found in actively growing shoots. Leaf photosynthesis was similar in scions on all three rootstocks, but the carbohydrate accumulation in fruits and fibrous roots during the summer sprouting period was significantly greater in the dwarfed trees than in the standard trees. Our results suggest that the dwarfing mechanism induced by the F&A 418 and #23 rootstocks is mediated by enhanced reproductive development and fruit growth, resulting in reduced vegetative development in the summer. Thus, a change in the pattern of assimilate distribution appears to be one of the main components of the dwarfing mechanism. 相似文献
3.
板栗野生居群与栽培品种间叶绿体微卫星遗传差异初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对24对epSSR通用引物进行筛选,选用4对呈现多态性的引物对板栗的4个野生居群和9个地方品种群进行遗传分析.结果表明:4个位点在128个样本中扩增等位基因数(Na)平均为3,有效等位基因数(Ne)平均为1.635,期望杂合度(He)平均为0.381,各遗传参数值远低于核基因组对群体研究的相应值.4个等位基因共组合出8种单倍型,既有共享率超过57%的单倍型,也存在特异稀有单倍型,其中陕西汉中与安徽广德板栗天然野生居群,具有较高的单倍型多样性,分别为0.671和0.781,明显高于其他地区,显示两地是板栗的分布及遗传多样性中心.基于cpSSR数据,对板栗地方品种与天然野生居群间的遗传结构、关系及地方品种的起源进行初步探讨. 相似文献
4.
Tree growth, survival and crop yield under agrisilvicultural practices were analyzed over a seven-year period in a split plot
experiment on acid alfisol under rainfed conditions at ICAR Research Farm, Barapani (Meghalya), India. Three indigenous species
including a fruit plant, and one introduced tree species formed the main plot treatments and three crop sequences were the
sub-plot. The tree species were mandarin (Citrus reticulata), alder (Alnus nepalensis), cherry (Prunus cerasoides) and albizia
(Paraserianthes falcataria), and the crop sequences were (a) soybean (Glycine max)-linseed (Linum usitatissimum) for three
years, then groundnut (Arachis hypogea)-mustard (Brassica campestris) for three years followed by soybean-linseed in the seventh
year, (b) groundnut-mustard for three years, then soybean-linseed for three years and groundnut-mustard in the seventh year,
and (c) sole trees (‘tree only‘). A positive effect of intercropping on height and diameter growth, crown width and timber
volume was observed in alder, albizia and cherry but no appreciable differences for these parameters were observed in mandarin
between the two situations. Alder and albizia attained maximum growth and woody biomass followed by cherry and the minimum
growth was recorded by mandarin. The better growth and timber volume in the ‘tree+crop’ situation was mainly due to the application
of fertilizers and weeding. Crop yield reduction was observed with alder, mandarin and cherry and as the distance from tree
increased, yield also improved. However, in albizia the proximity of tree did not reduce crop yield. The implications of the
results are discussed in the context of the suitability of the species in this region and their usefulness in agroforestry
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳、氮含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
土壤有机C、N的定量动态变化是评价不同土地利用方式对土壤质量影响的重要内容。本文比较了研究地区种植黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam．)、百喜草(Paspalum notatum Flugge．)、桔树(Citrus reticulata Blanco．)和马尾松(Pinus Massoniana Lamb．)的四种土地利用方式对植物生物量和土壤有机C、N多年变化的影响。试验初期，四种土地利用方式的植物生物量几乎处于同一水平。经过10年长期试验后，黑麦草和百喜草的累计生物量分别是桔树的3．68和3．75倍，马尾松的2．06和2．14倍。地下部生物量的差异更为明显，黑麦草和百喜草两种草类地下部累计生物量都较桔树和马尾松高10倍之多。这表明草类较之乔木更有利于提高土壤有机C、N的含量。土壤有机C、N的含量变化主要发生在0．40cm土层。统计计算表明，10年期问，种植黑麦草和百喜草可使土壤有机C、N贮量每公顷分别约增加1．5吨和0．2吨，而种植桔树使土壤有机C、N贮量每公顷分别约减少1．2吨和0．02吨，种植马尾松使土壤有机C、N贮量每公顷分别约减少0．4吨和0．04吨。表4参10。 相似文献
6.
We generated source-sink imbalances by defoliation and sucrose supplementation by stem injection, to investigate effects of carbohydrate availability on fruitlet growth and abscission in cv. Okitsu of Satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu (Mak.) Marc.). Partial defoliation promoted fruitlet abscission, whereas sucrose supplementation increased citrus fruit set by more than 10%. Moreover, when applied together, sucrose supplementation counteracted the effect of partial defoliation on fruit set. When sucrose was supplied continuously from flowering until harvest, it increased the concentrations of soluble and insoluble sugars in fruits. We conclude that fruit set in citrus is highly dependent on carbohydrate availability. 相似文献
7.
A comparison of genetic diversity and differentiation in five Chinese pines using cpSSR and AFLP markers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gene diversity and genetic differentiation in five Chinese pines, Pinus henryi, P. tabulaeformis, P. yunnanensis, P. taiwanensis and P. massoniana, were compared using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple chloroplast sequence repeat (cpSSR). High genetic
differentiation and median gene diversity with cpSSR markers were found both at population and species level, while median
differentiation and higher gene diversity in AFLP data. Measures of subdivision that consider similarity between haplotypes
offered better information on the geographic structure of plants than the standard subdivisions. Among several methods analyzed
in AFLPs, the square root method provided downwardly biased estimates of the genetic parameters, while the Lynch and Milligan
method over-estimated genetic diversity due to a small sample size. The Bayesian statistic was the most accurate and popular
method for these dominant species and its value of species differentiation (θ
B = 0.1035) was close to the parameter given by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA).
__________
Translated from Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2007, 27(12): 2385–2392 [译自: 西北植物学报] 相似文献
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9.
Marta Scalfi Andrea Piotti Massimo Rossi Paolo Piovani 《European Journal of Forest Research》2009,128(4):377-386
Understanding the genetic structure and diversity of edge populations can shed light on the role of peripheral populations
and their relevance for conservation strategies. In this study, three fragmented and isolated Apennine populations of Scots
pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) belonging to the rear edge of the species’ distribution were analyzed using both nuclear (nSSR) and chloroplast (cpSSR)
microsatellites and were compared with an Alpine population belonging to the species’ main range. Although small population
size and considerable isolation have probably reduced the genetic variability of Apennine populations, these fragmented populations
maintain a high level of within-population genetic diversity. A significant among-population differentiation was found using
both nSSR (F
ST = 0.08) and cpSSR markers (ρ = 0.14). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) on the nSSRs attributed all variabilities to the among Apennine populations
component supporting the theoretical predictions regarding fragmentation effects on genetic structure. On the other hand,
AMOVA on the cpSSRs attributed all variances to the between-region component and no differentiation was found within region,
among the Apennine populations. This result suggests the importance of pollen gene flow in homogenizing populations on this
geographical scale. Our results confirm the genetic distinctiveness of Apennine populations and their possible derivation
from different glacial refugia than those of the Alps. Considering their peculiarity and the high level of intrapopulation
genetic diversity that they still retain, fragmented Apennine populations should be considered of high priority for conservation. 相似文献
10.
A study on seasonal soil nutrient dynamics was made in large cardamom (Amonum subulatum) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata) agroforestry systems in the Sikkim Himalaya, India. Alnus nepalensis was the N2-fixing associate in the large cardamom system, and Albizia stipulata in the mandarin agroforestry system. Sites without N2-fixing species in both agroforestry types comprised native non-symbiotic mixed tree species. Soil was acidic in the cardamom agroforestry and slightly acidic to neutral in the mandarin agroforestry system. Total-N in soils was the highest in the forest-cardamom stand and the lowest in the mandarin-based agroforestry systems. Soil ammonium-N and nitrate-N concentrations were highly seasonal, and the ratio of seasonal maximum and minimum varied up to six times. The C/N ratio was higher in cardamom agroforestry indicating lower N availability than in the mandarin agroforestry. Cardamom stand with Alnus showed a relatively narrower C/N ratio. N2-fixing species help in maintenance of soil organic matter levels with higher N-mineralization rate as land use change from natural-forest system to agroforestry systems with sparse tree populations. Ratios of inorganic-P/total-P were lower in cardamom agroforestry than the mandarin agroforestry. Seasonal fluctuation in Ca-PO4, Al-PO4 and Fe-PO4 contents regulated the availability of phosphates to some extent for plant uptake. 相似文献
11.
Interstocks improve the growth and salt resistance of lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.) trees, but their effects on orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) trees are unknown. We grew 'Cleopatra' mandarin (CM) seedlings, budded trees of 'Salustiano' orange (SAO) on CM, 'Valencia Late' orange (VLO) on CM (VLO/CM), and interstock trees VLO/SAO/CM in pots of sand watered with nutrient solution containing 5 (control) or 50 mM NaCl for 12 weeks. Plants were harvested on six successive occasions and the time trends in relative growth rate (RGR) and its components were estimated by fitting a Richards function regression to the harvest data. At low and high salinities, the VLO/SAO/CM combination had higher mean RGR than VLO/CM. Under control conditions, the increase in RGR caused by the interstock was the result of an increase in leaf mass fraction (LMF; leaf dry mass/plant dry mass ratio). Increases in net assimilation rate on a leaf mass basis (NARm) and LMF contributed equally to the increase in RGR in saline conditions, their growth response coefficients being 0.52 and 0.48, respectively. The structural modifications, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR; leaf area:plant dry mass ratio), had a slight influence on the reduction in RGR by salinity. However, NARm had a large influence on RGR, except in CM. The interstock-induced mechanism increased biomass allocation to the assimilatory organs and, under saline conditions, increased Cl- and Na+ allocations to roots. Thus, the flux of ions to the leaves was either delayed or reduced or both. The dilution of imported ions by foliar growth reduced ion concentrations in leaves, resulting in higher NARm, which together with higher LMF, increased RGR. 相似文献
12.
结合国家农业综合开发项目，开展了农田防护林生态建设模式示范试验，提出在农田区内建设柑桔、Pong柑、桧柏等防护林带模式，为改善农田生态环境及粮区产业结构调整探索新途径。 相似文献
13.
Acorus calamus is a highly valued medicinal plant with global distribution used in several drugs of health care systems. We evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of 50 populations of A. calamus from different geographical regions in India through RAPD and chloroplast microsatellite markers. From the total screened 82 RAPD primers and 18 cpSSR primers, 10 RAPD and nine cpSSRs were found polymorphic. The selected 10 RAPD primers produced a total of 96 reproducible bands, out of which 65 wer... 相似文献
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15.
芒果属植物叶绿体DNA提取方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究不同提取方法对芒果属植物叶绿体DNA提取质量的影响,以芒果和扁桃的成熟叶片为材料,比较植物叶绿体DNAout试剂盒法和高盐-低p H法分离叶绿体及提取叶绿体DNA效果。结果表明:叶绿体DNAout试剂盒法能够较好地去除蛋白质、酚类、多糖等代谢物质,OD260/OD230大于2.000,OD260/OD280在1.800~1.900之间。高盐-低p H法提取叶绿体DNA产率高达75.8 ng/μL,远大于叶绿体DNAout试剂盒法提取叶绿体DNA最高产率42.8 ng/μL,2种方法所得模板电泳图和SSR标记图谱谱带完整性皆好。显微镜下观察叶绿体,2种方法都可以得到杂质少、背景清晰的叶绿体显微成像效果,但高盐-低p H法提取的叶绿体细胞器密度更高。2种方法获得的叶绿体DNA均可满足后续研究工作的需要。 相似文献
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17.
Rieger M 《Tree physiology》1995,15(6):379-385
Root hydraulic conductivity (L(p)) and leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (Psi(pi,o)) were measured in young, drought-stressed and nonstressed peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), olive (Olea europaea L.), citrumelo (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. x Citrus paradisi Macf.) and pistachio (Pistachia integerrima L.). Drought stress caused a 2.5- to 4.2-fold reduction in L(p), depending on species, but Psi(pi,o) was reduced only in citrumelo and olive leaves by 0.34 and 1.4 MPa, respectively. No differences existed in L(p) among species for nonstressed plants. A simple model linking L(p) to osmotic adjustment through leaf water potential (Psi) quantified the offsetting effects of reduced L(p) and osmotic adjustment on the hypothetical turgor pressure difference between drought-stressed and nonstressed plants (DeltaPsi(p)). For olive, the 2.5-fold reduction in L(p) caused a linear decrease in DeltaPsi(p) such that the effect of osmotic adjustment was totally negated at Psi = -3.2 MPa. Thus, no stomatal closure would be required to maintain higher turgor in drought-stressed olive plants than in nonstressed plants over their typical diurnal range of Psi (-0.6 to -2.0 MPa). For citrumelo, osmotic adjustment was offset by reduced L(p) at Psi approximately -0.9 MPa. Unlike olive, stomatal closure would be necessary to maintain higher turgor in drought-stressed citrumelo plants than in nonstressed plants over their typical diurnal range of Psi (0 to -1.5 MPa). Regardless of species or the magnitude of osmotic adjustment, my analysis suggests that a drought-induced reduction in L(p) reduces or eliminates turgor maintenance through osmotic adjustment. 相似文献
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I. O. O. Aiyelaagbe 《Agroforestry Systems》1994,27(1):1-16
The cashew-coconut system in the Coast Province of Kenya was appraised to determine the efficacy and adoption potential of a fruitcrop based agroforestry intervention designed to increase the productivity of the system. Fruitcrops on farmers plots ranged between 16–22 species. They featured mainly as understorey trees in cashew-coconut plots and upper storey of foodcrop plots. Fruit tree management was generally poor.Between 67–100% of farmers interviewed were interested in planting more fruit trees on their farms. Envisaged cash generation was a major reason for their interest. Preferred species were generally adapted exotics. Preference was in the order ofMangifera indica, Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata > Cocos nucifera, Anacardium occidentalis, Carica papaya > Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa,Ananas comosus, Syzygium cumini, Citrus limon, Musa sapientum, Persea americana > Musa paradisiaca, Citrus aurantifolia Annona spp. Locational differences existed in exact order of preference within the groupings. Constraints to fruit production included lack of improved fruit tree seedlings, low proficiency in fruit seedling production, transportation, no capital for initial investment, damage by wild animals, prolonged dry spells, and frequent die back of fruit trees. Based on its high adoption potential, a fruitcrop based agroforestry intervention is recommended for increasing the productivity of the cashew-coconut system of Kenya.Possible agroforestry technologies in which fruitcrops could feature are discussed. 相似文献
20.
通过对无核椪柑园内套种西瓜、花生试验,结果表明:不同的套种模式对无核椪柑的生长均有促进作用,效果依次为:套种西瓜>套种花生>无套种,椪柑幼树通过套种后能提高林木生长量及林地早期收益,达到以短养长、以农养林的目的。 相似文献