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1.
本文旨在研究盐胁迫对不同海岛棉品系幼苗生长指标、叶绿素含量、光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,为海岛棉耐盐材料的选育、栽培管理提供理论依据。以两份海岛棉—耐盐性强的品系越海9号和耐盐性弱的品系PS-7为材料,采用水培法,从发芽至三叶期,进行150 mM NaCl的持续胁迫,研究盐胁迫下不同海岛棉品系的生长指标、叶绿素含量、光合及荧光参数的变化。结果显示：持续NaCl胁迫降低了越海9号和PS-7的叶面积、根长、茎长、根/茎比值、叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b和叶绿素 a与b总量,提高了叶绿素a/b比值。盐胁迫促进了越海9号的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用率(WUE)、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量(Y(Ⅱ))、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、光合电子传递相对速率(rETR)上升,PSII的最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)下降。盐胁迫导致PS-7的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用率(WUE)、PSII的最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量(Y(Ⅱ))、光化学淬灭系数(qP)和光合电子传递相对速率(rETR)降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)提高。PS-7的根/茎比值大于越海9号,其余指标均小于越海9号。上述结果提示,持续盐胁迫抑制了海岛棉生长指标及叶绿素等生物量积累,对耐盐性弱的品系抑制程度大于耐盐性强的品系。非气孔限制因素是导致盐胁迫下PS-7净光合速率下降的主要原因。PSⅡ实际原初光能转化效率提高是引起盐胁迫下越海9号净光合速率上升的主要原因。生长指标、叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数可作为鉴定棉花耐盐材料的生理学指标。 相似文献
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为探明外源2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对NaCl胁迫下燕麦光合作用的调控机理,以加燕2号、青引2号燕麦为材料,在100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,研究外源EBR对燕麦幼苗光合气体交换参数、荧光动力学参数、光合电子传递速率及PSⅡ光能分配情况的影响。结果表明:NaCl胁迫显著降低了燕麦幼苗的光合色素含量,抑制了PSⅡ反应中心活性,导致燕麦幼苗PSⅡ光化学效率下降,净光合速率(Pn)显著降低。和NaCl胁迫相比较,添加外源EBR后,燕麦幼苗叶片的叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和类胡萝卜素(Chlx·c)含量显著增加;燕麦幼苗的Pn、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和水分利用效率(WUE)显著升高,胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)显著降低,最大荧光(Fm)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、PSⅡ实际光合效率(ФPSⅡ)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、天线色素转化效率(Fv′/Fm′)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)及PSⅡ光化学反应能(P)显著升高,初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)及反应中心耗散能(E)、天线耗散能(D)显著降低。综上所述,外源EBR能够显著提高NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗PSⅡ反应中心的实际光化学效率,有效缓解NaCl胁迫对燕麦幼苗所产生的光抑制和PSⅡ反应中心损伤程度,提高燕麦幼苗的碳同化效率和光合能力,说明外源BRs对盐胁迫下燕麦光合作用起到正向调控作用,能够有效缓解盐胁迫对燕麦幼苗所造成的伤害。 相似文献
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水分和高温复合胁迫对水稻幼苗光合生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以水稻“迁星1号”幼苗为材料,进行水分(PEG6000浓度分别为0%,10%,15%,20%)和高温(35,40℃)双重胁迫处理,研究水分和高温复合胁迫对水稻幼苗光合生理特性的影响,为探索调控植物光合生理措施、规避高温干旱复合逆境伤害提供理论依据。结果表明,轻度水分胁迫(PEG6000浓度为10%)下,35℃高温处理的水稻幼苗净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(gs)胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、总叶绿素(Chla+b)含量、叶绿素a/b(Chla/b)、初始荧光产量(Fo)、最大荧光产量(Fm)和PS II最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)与对照相比无显著变化;40℃高温处理的水稻幼苗在3种水分胁迫下,Pn,gs,Ci,Chla+b,Chla/b,Fm和Fv/Fm显著低于对照,Fo显著高于对照。说明35℃高温处理水稻幼苗光合生理特性在轻度水分胁迫下未受到明显抑制,表现出对水分胁迫具有一定的适应性;随着胁迫温度的升高,40℃高温处理的水稻幼苗对水分胁迫的适应性显著下降,其光合生理特性受到明显抑制。 相似文献
4.
为研究NaCl胁迫对丁香‘瓷蓝’光合作用的影响,以‘瓷蓝’的一年生扦插苗为试材,对不同浓度NaCl胁迫下‘瓷蓝’的叶绿素含量、光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数等进行研究。结果表明:盐胁迫使得光合性能降低,并且随着盐浓度的增加,叶绿素含量、光化学猝灭系数(q P)、PSⅡ的实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)呈下降趋势。非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈先增加后下降趋势。光合速率下降的主要原因为气孔限制。‘瓷蓝’的耐盐范围在0.4%以下,在盐浓度低于0.4%时会通过提高非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)来抵抗胁迫造成的伤害,当盐浓度高于0.4%时其光合机构受损严重,产生严重光抑制。 相似文献
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《华北农学报》2021,36(5)
为探究不同浓度外源喷施CaCl_2对盐胁迫下苹果幼苗生理特性的影响,以二年生T337实生苗为试材,通过盆栽试验法,设置100 mmol/L NaCl(T1)和100 mmol/L NaCl+4种不同浓度CaCl_2(5.0(T2),7.5(T3),10.0(T4),12.5 mmol/L(T5))处理,以去离子水浇灌为对照(CK)。测定各处理组的叶绿素含量、光合与荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量,并对其进行相关性和主成分分析。结果表明,随胁迫时间延长,T337叶片的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)呈先升后降趋势,丙二醛(MDA)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、脯氨酸(Pro)和相对电导率(REC)呈不断上升趋势,初始荧光(F0)、PSⅡ最大光能转化率(Fv/Fm)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)呈下降趋势;相比CK和T1,外源CaCl_2处理后T337叶片各指标的变幅均减小,存在明显浓度效应。其中,T4(10 mmol/L)处理下相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、Pn、Tr、POD、F0及SOD降幅最小,显著高于其他处理组;MDA、REC和Ci升幅最小,显著高于CK,低于其他处理组。14个指标相关性分析表明,Pn与CAT、Tr、Gs、F0、Fv/Fm、ETR、SPAD、SOD和POD呈正相关,与Pro、MDA、Ci、REC呈负相关。将盐胁迫处理后相关的14个指标进行主成分分析,提取特征值大于1的2个主成分,其特征值分别为11.190,2.295;第一、二主成分方差贡献率依次为79.930%,16.394%,累计方差贡献率达到96.324%,符合分析要求。依据主成分得分排序,外源CaCl_2对T337盐胁迫缓解能力由高到低为T4T3T2T5。因此,10 mmol/L的CaCl_2能更好地改善盐胁迫下T337砧木叶片的光合荧光特性、提高抗氧化酶系统和渗透调节能力、增强生物膜稳定性和通透性达到缓解盐胁迫的效应。 相似文献
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盐胁迫对水稻叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
以一个耐盐水稻品种和一个盐敏感水稻品种为材料,从孕穗初期开始进行NaCl胁迫(浓度分别为0,40,80,120mmo1/L ),研究盐胁迫下水稻叶片光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明:盐胁迫使两个水稻品种叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cs)和表观叶肉导度(AMC)均显著下降,盐敏感品种各指标随盐浓度的增加下降更显著;耐盐品种的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔限制值(Ls)在各浓度盐胁迫下变化均未达到显著差异,盐敏感品种在低盐浓度(40mmo1/L)胁迫下,Ci和Ls变化不显著,在高盐浓度(80mmo1/L和120mmo1/L)下,Ci显著下降,且Ls显著上升;盐胁迫下两个品种的Fv/F0, Fv’/Fm’,ΦPSII,ETR、光化学碎灭(qP)下降,非光化学碎灭(qN)升高,盐敏感品种随盐浓度的增加各指标变化更显著。由本试验可知,盐胁迫下水稻品种光合速率的下降是由非气孔限制因素引起的,而盐敏感品种在高浓度盐胁迫下还增加了气孔限制因素。 相似文献
9.
【目的】建立基于叶绿素荧光参数的棉花叶片氮素营养监测模型,为棉花高效施氮及植株生长状况的无损监测提供方法。【方法】在水肥一体化滴灌条件下,以新陆早58号为试验材料,设置4个施氮水平,测定了棉花生长关键时期顶2(从顶部数起)至顶5叶的叶绿素荧光参数和氮素含量,分析了棉花叶片氮素含量与荧光参数的关系。【结果】(1)棉花出苗70 d后,叶片氮素含量以及光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)潜在光化学活性(Fv/F0)、PSⅡ潜在最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv’/Fm’)均随着棉花生长呈逐渐下降趋势。(2)不同氮素处理下,各叶片氮素含量以及叶绿素荧光参数Fv/F0、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和Fv’/Fm’均随施氮量的增加而上升,其中N2(240 kg·hm-2)处理下各荧光参数值最大。(3)叶片氮含量与Fv、Fv/F0、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ都呈现极显著正相关关系,与荧光参数ΦPSⅡ、Fv’/Fm’间呈现较好的指数函数关系,与荧光参数Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0呈现良好的线性函数关系。顶5叶可变荧光(Fv)与叶片氮素含量建立的关系模型(y=0.0022x+1.6243)的模拟效果最好,决定系数达到0.928,相关系数达到0.963,呈极显著正相关。【结论】适量施氮(240 kg·hm-2)能够提高PSⅡ的活性及PSⅡ反应中心开放部分的比例,进而改善棉花叶片光合能力。顶5叶氮素含量与叶绿素荧光参数Fv构建的模型精确度和拟合效果较其他荧光参数好,因此可以选用荧光参数Fv来监测棉花叶片氮素含量,进而监测植株的氮素营养状况。 相似文献
10.
玉米叶片光合生理与抗旱性关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在水分胁迫条件下,对玉米叶片净光舍速率、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数的变化进行了研究.结果表明:玉米叶片净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素含量(Chl)、叶绿素a/b比值(Chl a/b)、最大荧光(Fm)和PsⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)比对照均有所下降,基础荧光(Fo)增加;Pn和Ctd a/b比值占对照百分率与品种抗旱性呈极显著正相关(r=0.8807**,P<0.01;r=0.8804**,P<0.01),Fo占对照百分率与品种抗旱性则呈显著负相关(r=-0.764 0*,P<0.05),Fm和Fv/Fm占对照百分率与品种抗旱性则呈显著正相关(r=0.711 6*,P<0.05;r=0.772 3*,P<0.05).因此,净光合速率、叶绿素a/b比值、Fo、Fin和Fv/,m可以用来评定不同玉米品种的抗旱性. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献