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1.
分析芸香科植物化橘红挥发油化学成分组成。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取化橘红挥发油,采用气相色谱—质谱法对其成分进行定性定量分析。确认了20种化合物,占挥发油色谱峰总面积的99.5%。其中几种主要的成分有柠檬烯(89.58%),β-月桂烯(2.57%),芳樟醇(1.99%),桧烯(1.66%),柠檬醛a(0.64%)。 相似文献
2.
海南白花含笑叶挥发油成分的GC-MS分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提取海南产白花含笑叶中的挥发油并对其成分进行分析,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了白花含笑叶中的挥发油,并用GC-MS方法对所提取的挥发油成分进行了分离测试。结果显示:从白花含笑叶的挥发油中鉴定出49种物质,占挥发油总成分的86.43%,其主要成分为(+)-1(10)-马兜铃烯(13.06%),桉叶醇(12.01%),榄香醇(9.76%),5,7-二乙基-5,6-癸二烯-3-炔(9.11%),以及2-苄基-4,5-二氢-1H-咪唑(7.57%)。研究结果明确了海南产白花含笑叶中挥发油的主要成分,为白花含笑在医药、林业和化工等各领域的进一步开发利用提供了基础理论依据。 相似文献
3.
四种方法对火力楠叶片油的提取分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以火力楠叶片为试验材料,开展火力楠叶片油提取研究。采用水蒸气蒸馏、超声波辅助、索氏提取和超临界CO_2萃取四种方法,结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪的分析,研究不同提取方法对火力楠叶片油化学成分及其含量的影响。结果表明:四种提取方法经优化后提取率分别达到0.345%、0.261%、3.676%和3.899%;进一步GC-MS分析有效成分的种类分别为18种、47种、38种和37种,主要成分有石竹烯、榄香醇、榄香烯、亚麻酸、棕榈酸和亚油酸等;四种方法提取叶片油中有效成分分别所占百分比为86.82%、94.13%、87.45%和92.72%。四种提取方法所得到的火力楠叶片的油成分有一定差异,在以后的应用生产中,可根据主要化学组分的需要来选取最适当的提取方法。综合提取得率及提取效率,超临界CO_2萃取法效果最佳。 相似文献
4.
博落回挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从博落回中提取挥发油,利用GC-MS联用仪对博落回挥发油的化学成分进行研究,共分离到48个组分,鉴定了其中的39个,占挥发油总量的92.464%。博落回挥发油主要成分是2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚（11.270%）、4-亚硝基苯甲酸乙酯（11.178%）、(E)-2-己烯醛（10.415%）、雪松醇（7.371%）、6,10-二甲基-2-十一酮（6.929%）、邻苯二甲酸异丁基辛酯（5.700%）、2-苯丙烯醛（4.509%）等。 相似文献
5.
采用酶辅助溶剂萃取法（EASE）、酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏法（EASD）、酶辅助同时蒸馏萃取法（EASDE）和超临界流体萃取法（SFE）提取油樟树叶中的挥发性精油，收率分别为1.36%、3.00%、3.70%和2.29%。通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析发现，提取物的主要成分均为1,8-桉叶素，并且在酶辅助同时蒸馏提取物中相对含量最高，达到54.05%。采用DPPH自由基清除能力检测樟油的体外抗氧化活性，并采用二倍稀释法测定了樟油对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度。结果显示，樟油的体外抗氧化活性较弱；酶辅助溶剂萃取、酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏和酶辅助同时蒸馏萃取法提取的樟油对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有较好的抗菌作用，而超临界流体萃取提取的樟油抗菌效果较差。 相似文献
6.
采用水蒸气蒸馏、索氏提取和超声波法三种方法提取肉桂油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析肉桂油组成,琼脂-孔洞扩散法测定抗菌活性,研究不同提取方法对肉桂油组成和抗菌活性的影响。结果表明,水蒸气蒸馏、索氏提取和超声波法提取的肉桂油分别鉴定出10、20、27种组分,总相对百分含量分别为99.959%、99.525%、96.685%,三种提取物中均含有烷烃、芳香烃、醛类、倍半萜类化合物,索氏和超声波提取物中还含有酯类和醚类。反式肉桂醛是肉桂油的主要抗菌成分,含量分别为:水蒸气蒸馏89.928%、索氏提取60.934%、超声波法37.857%。水蒸气蒸馏提取的肉桂油对供试微生物生长的抑制效果好于索氏提取和超声波法。肉桂油对大肠杆菌的抑制效果最好,黑曲霉对肉桂油最不敏感。水蒸气蒸馏法提取的肉桂油有望作为植物源抗菌剂用于食品保鲜领域。 相似文献
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9.
《农产品加工．学刊》2016,(12)
选择神香草叶和花为试验材料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法、有机溶剂提取法、超临界CO2萃取法和亚临界萃取法提取神香草精油,测定和比较4种方法提取的精油得率及品质。试验结果表明,以上4种方法得到的精油得率分别为0.688%,1.093%,2.558%,2.913%;有机溶剂提取法得到的精油色为黄色,其他3种方法提取的精油均为淡黄色。 相似文献
10.
以精油得率为指标,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取蛤蒌叶挥发油,在单因素试验基础上采用L9(34)正交试验设计,考查了料液比、浸泡时间和提取时间对蛤蒌叶挥发油提取得率的影响,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)和峰面积归一化法分离分析其化学成分和相对含量。结果表明,蛤蒌叶挥发油的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶15(g:mL),浸泡时间3 h,提取时间7 h,在该提取工艺条件下蛤蒌叶挥发油得率为0.340%。经GC-MS分离蛤蒌叶挥发油共分离出22种化合物,鉴定出17种,占挥发性成分总量的97.69%。蛤蒌叶挥发油的主要成分有β-细辛脑(29.70%)、石竹烯(25.32%)、乙醇过氧酸,氰基环己基苯基薄荷酯(13.90%)、肉豆蔻醚(7.62%)和甲基丁香酚(6.39%)。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
19.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
20.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献