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1.
丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)是我国传统药用植物,本研究以丹参种子为试验材料,研究了两种变温(18℃/28℃和28℃/38℃)条件下,4种浓度(6.25、12.5、25、50 mmol·L-1)盐溶液和4种浓度(3.125、6.25、12.5、25 mmol·L-1)碱溶液对丹参种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:盐碱、温度及其互作对丹参种子萌发及幼苗生长均有显著影响(P<0.05).18℃/28℃处理下的丹参种子萌发和幼苗生长状况均显著优于28℃/38℃处理(P<0.05).在18℃/28℃条件下,6.25 mmol·L-1盐溶液对丹参种子萌发有促进作用,其发芽率和发芽指数显著高于清水对照(P<0.05),相对盐害率显著低于清水对照(P<0.05),12.5 mmol·L-1盐溶液和3.125 mmol·L-1碱溶液对丹参种子发芽率、发芽指数和相对盐害率无显著影响(P>0.05),25和50 mmol·L-1盐溶液以及6.25、12.5和25 mmol·L-1碱溶液胁迫处理均显著降低丹参种子发芽率和发芽指数(P<0.05),增加相对盐害率(P<0.05);28℃/38℃条件下,6.25和12.5 mmol·L-1盐溶液以及3.125和6.25 mmol·L-1碱溶液胁迫对丹参种子发芽率、发芽势和相对盐害率无显著影响(P>0.05),25、50 mmol·L-1盐溶液和12.5、25.0 mmol·L-1碱溶液均显著降低丹参种子发芽率和发芽指数(P<0.05),增加相对盐害率(P<0.05).盐胁迫和碱胁迫处理均显著抑制丹参苗长生长(P<0.05);两种变温条件下,6.25、12.5 mmol·L-1盐溶液和3.125 mmol·L-1碱溶液对丹参幼苗叶长生长无显著影响(P>0.05),25、50 mmol·L-1盐溶液以及6.25、12.5和25 mmol·L-1碱溶液均显著抑制叶长生长(P<0.05);18℃/28℃下6.25 mmol·L-1盐溶液对幼苗叶宽生长有促进作用,除28℃/38℃下6.25 mmol·L-1盐溶液和3.125 mmol·L-1碱溶液对叶宽生长无显著影响(P>0.05)外,其余盐碱胁迫处理均显著抑制叶宽生长(P<0.05).综上,盐碱、温度及其交互作用显著影响丹参种子萌发和幼苗生长,低温条件下盐碱对丹参种子的影响相对较小;丹参种子萌发和幼苗生长对碱胁迫更为敏感;建议丹参种子盐碱育苗时应选择盐碱度较低的土地,适宜在18℃/28℃较低温度时进行育苗.  相似文献   

2.
盐、碱胁迫与温度对黄花苜蓿种子发芽的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
武祎  田雨  张红香  杨健  吴志红 《草业科学》2015,(11):1847-1853
为了探讨盐、碱胁迫与温度交互作用对黄花苜蓿(Medicago falcata)种子萌发的影响,选用两种中性盐(Na Cl、Na2SO4)和两种碱性盐(Na2CO3、Na HCO3),3个温度(10/20℃、15/25℃和25/35℃)处理,测定各因子对种子最终发芽率及发芽速度的影响。结果表明,盐、碱胁迫与温度及其交互作用对黄花苜蓿种子发芽均有显著影响(P0.05)。黄花苜蓿种子发芽率和发芽速度在10/20℃或15/25℃处理下最高,并且两者之间差异不显著(P0.05)。随着盐、碱胁迫浓度的增加,种子发芽率和发芽速度降低,且碱性盐的胁迫作用大于中性盐。25/35℃高温显著抑制了各个处理下黄花苜蓿种子发芽,并且加剧了盐、碱胁迫对种子萌发的抑制作用。黄花苜蓿对碱性盐和高p H有一定的耐受性,在25 mmol·L-1的Na2CO3和30 mmol·L-1的Na HCO3处理下均能良好发芽。  相似文献   

3.
为了研究在NaHCO_3胁迫下外源硅对草地早熟禾种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响,以草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)‘巴润’品种为试验材料,分析在NaHCO_3(50 mmol/L)胁迫下施加不同浓度外源硅(0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mmol/L)对种子萌发以及幼苗形态及生理指标的影响。结果表明:在NaHCO_3胁迫下,施加1.5 mmol/L硅,能显著提高草地早熟禾种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚苗长及胚根长。此外,在该浓度下幼苗的株高增加值、相对含水量、可溶性糖及脯氨酸(Pro)含量达到峰值,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性最高,丙二醛(MDA)含量最低。分析表明,添加1.5 mmol/L浓度的外源硅能有效缓解NaHCO_3胁迫对草地早熟禾种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,增强幼苗在NaHCO_3胁迫下的抗性。  相似文献   

4.
为研究外源IAA浸种对干旱胁迫下红豆草(Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.)种子萌发及早期幼苗生长的影响,本研究利用不同浓度生长素吲哚3-乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)浸泡处理红豆草种子24小时,测定干旱胁迫后红豆草的种子萌发、幼苗表型及其生理生化等指标。结果表明,25 mg·L-1IAA浸种处理对干旱胁迫下红豆草种子萌发具有明显的促进作用,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数最大,并且能够促进主根延伸,改善根冠比和叶绿素的含量。此外,25 mg·L-1 IAA浸种处理能够提高干旱胁迫下红豆草幼苗抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质脯氨酸的含量,以及降低丙二醛和过氧化氢含量,缓解干旱胁迫引起的氧化损伤。但是,高浓度的外源IAA(100 mg·L-1)浸种则抑制了红豆草种子萌发及幼苗的生长发育。因此,25 mg·L-1 IAA浸种有助于红豆草种子萌发及早期幼苗的耐旱性,为优质牧草红豆草在干旱地区的高效种植提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

5.
盐胁迫是限制种子萌发和幼苗生长的关键因子,适宜浓度的赤霉素(GA3)可有效缓解盐胁迫对种子造成的不利影响。为了解GA3对盐胁迫下牧草种子萌发和生长的缓解效应,筛选出促进盐胁迫下5种牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长的最佳GA3浓度,本研究以100 mmol·L-1的NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫,以黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、‘朝牧1号’稗谷(Echinochloa crusgalli ‘Chaomu1’)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、白三叶(Trifolium repens) 5种牧草种子为试材,选取不同浓度GA3进行浸种处理,测定其发芽率、发芽指数、根长、苗高、鲜重等指标。结果表明：GA3浸种可有效缓解盐胁迫对5种牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长造成的抑制作用,且不同浓度间作用差异显著(P <0.05)。150 mg·L-1的GA3能有效促进黑麦草、羊草、紫花苜蓿和白三叶种子的萌发和幼苗生长;100 mg·...  相似文献   

6.
为了探究亚精胺浸种对盐胁迫下牧草种子萌发特性的影响,以肥披碱草、星星草及野大麦三种野生牧草种子为材料,研究0.5 mmol/L的亚精胺浸种处理下,30,60,90,120 mmol/L NaCl胁迫对肥披碱草、星星草及野大麦三种野生牧草种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响。结果表明:在NaCl浓度≥60 mmol/L时,亚精胺浸种处理的肥披碱草、星星草及野大麦种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均显著高于纯化水浸种处理(P0.05)。在较低浓度(30 mmol/L)NaCl胁迫下,亚精胺浸种处理显著提高了星星草和野大麦种子发芽率,对肥披碱草种子的发芽率没有显著影响(P0.05);显著增加了肥披碱草和星星草种子的发芽势和发芽指数(P0.05),但对野大麦种子的发芽势和发芽指数均无显著影响(P0.05)。亚精胺浸种显著提高了这三种牧草种子萌发,增强了植株的抗盐性。  相似文献   

7.
PEG模拟干旱胁迫下硅对紫花苜蓿萌发及生理特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
在已知硅能提高植物抗逆性的基础上,采用实验室发芽法研究PEG干旱模拟下,硅对紫花苜蓿(Medicago satiava L.‘Sadie7’)萌发及生理的影响。初步探讨硅肥对紫花苜蓿抗旱性的调控机制,以期筛选出有效提高紫花苜蓿抗旱性的适宜硅肥浓度。结果表明:在一定干旱程度和适宜硅浓度下,紫花苜蓿种子发芽率、发芽势和胚根长有所提高,过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增加,而丙二醛(MDA)含量降低。在10%PEG胁迫下,施用1.00mmol·L~(-1)硅酸钾显著提高紫花苜蓿种子发芽势和发芽率,当硅酸钾浓度达到2.50mmol·L~(-1)时会抑制其发芽。在10%和15%PEG浓度下,1.00 mmol·L~(-1)硅酸钾处理后胚根长显著(P0.05)大于对照。在5%和10%PEG胁迫下,2.00mmol·L~(-1)硅酸钾处理显著提高了紫花苜蓿幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;在15%PEG浓度下,2.50mmol·L~(-1)硅酸钾处理显著降低了幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量,且提高过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。干旱胁迫程度不同,所适宜的能提高紫花苜蓿抗旱性的硅酸钾浓度不同。研究表明,硅从紫花苜蓿种子萌发开始就作用其生理生化过程,并且提高其抗逆性。  相似文献   

8.
羊草是东北松嫩盐碱化草地上的建群植物,具有较强的耐碱胁迫能力。种子萌发期对盐生植物植株建成与分布起着至关重要的作用。针对不同采收时期羊草种子对碱胁迫环境发芽能力比较在国内外未被研究的现状,研究以Na_2CO_3为碱胁迫处理液,设置4种胁迫浓度(25,50,75,100 mmol/L)以比较不同采收期(盛花期后24,29,34,39 d)羊草种子在碱胁迫下的发芽能力。结果表明:不同采收时期的羊草种子表现出不同的耐碱性,盛花期后39 d采收的羊草种子发芽率、发芽势、复萌率、总发芽率以及根芽长均优于其余3个采收时期的种子;随着碱浓度的增加,各采收时期羊草种子发芽指标均呈下降趋势,其中25 mmol/L碱胁迫浓度下羊草种子发芽品质最佳;碱胁迫下未萌发的羊草种子复萌率随着胁迫强度的增加而增加,这也是羊草种子对高碱胁迫环境的生理适应策略。另外,相对于芽,羊草根对碱胁迫浓度更为敏感,当碱胁迫浓度为50 mmol/L时,羊草根无法生长。  相似文献   

9.
虎尾草(Chloris virgata)是我国北方地区广泛分布的优质牧草,对东北地区盐碱地改良与恢复起着至关重要的作用。用NaCl,NaHCO3和PEG分别模拟土壤的盐、碱和干旱条件以明确基于相同水势的不同胁迫特征对虎尾草种子发芽的影响。结果表明,在各胁迫处理下,随着水势的降低,虎尾草种子的发芽率、发芽速率以及芽长与根长均不断下降,且碱胁迫下下降幅度最大。盐胁迫处理下,虎尾草种子复萌率在-1.2Mpa最高,干旱胁迫处理中未发芽的种子80%以上也可以继续萌发,但在此水势的碱胁迫中未发芽的虎尾草种子均难以复萌。研究结果表明,盐、碱和干旱胁迫对于虎尾草种子的发芽有着不同的影响,由于高pH作用,碱胁迫对虎尾草发芽的抑制作用强于盐胁迫与干旱胁迫。  相似文献   

10.
试验以海乳草种子为材料,通过设置有无光照(光照周期为12h,光照强度为7200lx,12h黑暗)7种恒温和3种变温(5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃;10~20℃、15~25℃、25~35℃)筛选海乳草种子适宜的萌发条件,在此条件上模拟干旱及设置不同盐碱梯度,通过发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数探讨不同盐碱和干旱胁迫对海乳草种子萌发的影响。结果表明:(1)海乳草种子萌发属于光促型,在有光条件下,25℃或20~30℃萌发效果最好,并且变温有助于发芽;(2)海乳草种子的活力及生活力均随渗透势升高呈下降趋势,-0.735MPa渗透处理下,其种子几乎不发芽;(3)不同渗透势即不同盐碱浓度对海乳草种子萌发初期影响显著,随盐碱浓度升高,种子的发芽力及生活力均逐渐降低。低渗处理(-0.46Mpa)下,Na2CO3对种子萌发的抑制作用显著高于NaCl,且随渗透势升高抑制效果加重。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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