共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
为了制备糖尿病大鼠模型,研究采用160～200 g SD雄性大鼠,一次性腹腔注射不同剂量的链脲佐菌素,通过测定试验鼠的血糖、体重、摄食量、饮水量、排尿量变化,观察大鼠的糖尿病发展病程,确定链脲佐菌素最佳用药剂量。结果表明:当给SD大鼠一次性腹腔注射65 mg/kg的链脲佐菌素后,SD大鼠表现出典型的糖尿病症状,即多饮、多食、多尿、体重下降的"三多一少"症状,成模率高,且成模饲养8周后血糖、体重变化不大,说明65 mg/kg为制备糖尿病大鼠模型的最佳剂量。 相似文献
2.
《畜牧兽医学报》2021,(10)
旨在探索链脲佐菌素和四氧嘧啶联合注射建立犬I型糖尿病模型的最佳剂量。本试验选取18只9～12月龄、平均体重为(5.09±0.30)kg的健康中华田园犬,随机分为6组(每组3个重复,每个重复1只)。按链脲佐菌素和四氧嘧啶不同剂量混合分组,其中Ⅰ组(20 mg·kg~(-1)/40 mg·kg~(-1))、Ⅱ组(30 mg·kg~(-1)/50 mg·kg~(-1))和Ⅲ组(40 mg·kg~(-1)/60 mg·kg~(-1))进行单次静脉注射;Ⅳ组(10 mg·kg~(-1)/20 mg·kg~(-1))、Ⅴ组(15 mg·kg~(-1)/25 mg·kg~(-1))和Ⅵ组(20 mg·kg~(-1)/30 mg·kg~(-1))进行两次静脉注射,两次注射间隔为24 h。通过注射后血糖、葡萄糖耐量、血液生理生化和胰腺组织形态学变化来评价各组建模效果。结果显示:1)Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组的空腹血糖始终处于正常水平,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组连续7 d超过15 mmol·L~(-1),Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组虽有上升,但试验期间均未超过10 mmol·L~(-1); 2)葡萄糖耐量试验显示,各组血糖均在15 min升高至峰值,之后Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组逐渐下降到注射前水平,Ⅴ组血糖虽下降但未达到注射前水平,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅵ组持续保持高血糖水平;3)各组血常规指标均在正常生理范围内,Ⅲ组的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、尿素(UREA)和肌酐(CREA)均超过正常生理范围;4)胰腺组织形态学显示,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的胰岛结构被明显破坏。综上所述,对犬使用30 mg·kg~(-1)+50 mg·kg~(-1)的链脲佐菌素和四氧嘧啶联合单次静脉注射,血糖值连续7 d大于15 mmol·L~(-1)且未造成严重的肝肾毒性,可有效建立I型糖尿病模型。 相似文献
3.
旨在探索链脲佐菌素和四氧嘧啶联合注射建立犬I型糖尿病模型的最佳剂量。本试验选取18只9~12月龄、平均体重为（5.09±0.30）kg的健康中华田园犬，随机分为6组（每组3个重复，每个重复1只）。按链脲佐菌素和四氧嘧啶不同剂量混合分组，其中Ⅰ组（20 mg·kg-1/40 mg·kg-1）、Ⅱ组（30 mg·kg-1/50 mg· kg-1）和Ⅲ组（40 mg·kg-1/60 mg·kg-1）进行单次静脉注射；Ⅳ组（10 mg·kg-1/20 mg·kg-1）、Ⅴ组（15 mg·kg-1/25 mg·kg-1）和Ⅵ组（20 mg·kg-1/30 mg·kg-1）进行两次静脉注射，两次注射间隔为24 h。通过注射后血糖、葡萄糖耐量、血液生理生化和胰腺组织形态学变化来评价各组建模效果。结果显示：1）Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组的空腹血糖始终处于正常水平，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组连续7 d超过15 mmol·L-1，Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组虽有上升，但试验期间均未超过10 mmol·L-1；2）葡萄糖耐量试验显示，各组血糖均在15 min升高至峰值，之后Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组逐渐下降到注射前水平，Ⅴ组血糖虽下降但未达到注射前水平，Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅵ组持续保持高血糖水平；3）各组血常规指标均在正常生理范围内，Ⅲ组的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、尿素（UREA）和肌酐（CREA）均超过正常生理范围；4）胰腺组织形态学显示，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的胰岛结构被明显破坏。综上所述，对犬使用30 mg·kg-1+50 mg·kg-1的链脲佐菌素和四氧嘧啶联合单次静脉注射，血糖值连续7 d大于15 mmol·L-1且未造成严重的肝肾毒性，可有效建立I型糖尿病模型。 相似文献
4.
柞树叶水提物对Ⅱ型糖尿病模型小鼠的治疗作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《蚕业科学》2017,(4)
采用高糖高脂膳食加链脲佐菌素诱导制作Ⅱ型糖尿病模型小鼠,研究柞树叶水提物调节糖尿病模型小鼠血糖浓度、改善生命体征和减轻脏器损伤的作用。与模型对照组相比,按照5、15、30 mg/(kg·d)3种剂量灌胃给予柞树叶水提物的糖尿病模型小鼠的体征均有所改善,饮水和摄食量减少,且呈剂量依赖性;试验第4周,3种剂量给药治疗组糖尿病模型小鼠的空腹血糖浓度均显著或极显著降低,胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)显著升高,血清胰岛素(INS)和胰岛素受体β(IRS-β)浓度未见明显变化;3种剂量给药治疗组小鼠肝组织病理变化程度明显减轻,以30 mg/(kg·d)剂量给药治疗组效果最佳。试验结果提示,柞树叶水提物可能通过提高受体对胰岛素的敏感性,改善胰岛素抵抗而发挥降血糖作用,并使肝损伤明显减轻。 相似文献
5.
为了研究体重与剂量对链脲佐菌素致糖尿病小鼠模型的影响,采用不同体重范围的雄性小鼠,对其腹腔注射不同剂量的链脲佐菌素,剂量范围为:100～300mg/(kg·bw),分5次注射造模。在不同时间测量试验鼠的血糖值、死亡率及成模率,观察小鼠的糖尿病发展病程,确定链脲佐菌素最佳用药剂量。结果表明,当给雄性小鼠腹腔注射200mg/(kg·bw)的链脲佐菌素后,造模成功率最高为85%,小鼠表现出典型的糖尿病症状,且成模饲养1周后血糖、体重变化不大,为制备糖尿病小鼠模型的最佳剂量;同等剂量的情况下,低体重小鼠比高体重小鼠的成模率高、死亡率低。 相似文献
6.
《蚕业科学》2015,(3)
为探讨高等动物糖尿病诱导剂对家蚕血糖含量的影响以及鉴定原核表达的家蚕素Ⅱ(BBXⅡ)的降血糖活性,通过给家蚕幼虫注射糖尿病诱导剂链脲佐菌素和BBXⅡ,调查家蚕的生理效应及血糖含量变化。分别以50~500μg/g的剂量给4龄24 h幼虫注射链脲佐菌素后12~48 h,会引起蚕体血液中的海藻糖含量升高,但与对照组的差异不显著;以250μg/g的剂量给5龄24 h幼虫注射链脲佐菌素后6 h,血液中的海藻糖含量显著升高,海藻糖酶活性显著降低。蚕体注射链脲佐菌素后表现出不同程度中毒症状,生长发育、存活率、茧质、眠性及后代的滞育性等均受到不同程度的影响。半定量RT-PCR检测表明,链脲佐菌素会导致家蚕体内BBX-Ⅱ基因的表达量下调,其中对4龄期幼虫的影响大于5龄期幼虫。用原核表达的BBXⅡ注射正常饲养的家蚕幼虫、饥饿后进食的幼虫和经链脲佐菌素处理的幼虫,均可引起血液中海藻糖含量显著降低和海藻糖酶活性升高,显示原核表达的BBXⅡ对家蚕具有降血糖活性。 相似文献
7.
通过注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导建立与人类Ⅱ型糖尿病(NIDDM)相似的昆明鼠和C57鼠模型,比较两种鼠建模剂量和成模率的差异。将昆明鼠和C57小鼠随机分为正常对照组(A)及低、中、高剂量(每天50、70、90 mg/kg)用药组(B)(n=10)。正常对照组(A)饲喂普通饲料,用药组(B)饲喂高脂高糖饲料;第4周开始,A组腹腔注射柠檬酸缓冲液,B组腹腔注射STZ,连续4 d。测定给药前和给药后3、7、15 d空腹血糖和体重,观察小鼠饮食、饮水和排尿情况。给药前空腹血糖A、B组间无显著性差异(P0.05);昆明鼠用药3 d后中、高剂量组均升高并达到建模标准,C57鼠用药7 d后中、高剂量组达到建模标准。两种小鼠用药3 d后各组体重均减低,并与对照组间有极显著差异(P0.01)。C57鼠,STZ注射剂量越高,体重减轻幅度越大;并且自造模成功后,各用药组体重均出现逐日降低的趋势。诱导建立NIDDM模型的适宜STZ剂量昆明鼠为每天50 mg/kg和70 mg/kg,并以后者为佳;C57鼠为每天70 mg/kg。 相似文献
8.
富铬酵母对试验性糖尿病小鼠糖代谢酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨富铬酵母对链脲佐菌素造模糖尿病小鼠糖代谢及关键酶己糖激酶、苹果酸脱氢酶活性的影响,探讨有机铬对糖尿病作用的机理和有效剂量,试验用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法建立小鼠糖尿病模型,分别以高、中、低剂量富铬酵母和西药二甲双胍进行干预,试验期为4周,每周末尾静脉检测空腹血糖值,试验结束时检测血糖值、己糖激酶(HK)、苹果酸脱氢酶活性(MDH).结果表明:富铬酵母在125 mg/kg剂量时显示降糖效果,在中、高剂量时与模型组相比有显著性差异,富铬酵母剂量越高,对葡萄糖耐受能力越强.用药组肌肉组织己糖激酶、肝脏组织苹果酸脱氢酶活性与模型组相比有显著差异(P<0.05).糖尿病小鼠血糖水平与己糖激酶、苹果酸脱氢酶活性呈显著的负相关(P<0.05).说明富铬酵母降低血糖的作用机制之一可能是直接或间接提高了葡萄糖氧化分解酶的活性. 相似文献
9.
藏药绿萝花对高血糖小鼠模型的治疗试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究藏药绿萝花对高血糖动物模型的治疗作用,为临床合理用药和进一步开发利用提供科学依据。采用饲喂高糖高脂饲料和注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立ICR小鼠高血糖动物模型,将实验动物分成对照组、模型组、二甲双胍(250mg/kg)组及绿萝花提取物组(剂量分别为50、25、12.5g/kg),分别在造模试验的第14天、第21天、第28天,以及治疗试验的第14天、第21天、第28天,以空腹血清血糖含量、血清胰岛素含量为检测指标,研究造模因素和不同剂量绿萝花对血糖的影响。连续饲喂高糖高脂饲料,结合STZ注射,造模小鼠表现为体重下降、血糖升高、胰岛素含量下降;表明3个剂量绿萝花组均具有降血糖的作用,12.5g/kg剂量组连续服用绿萝花14d后降血糖作用明显,50g/kg剂量组连续口服绿萝花7d~14d,显著提高成模小鼠血清胰岛素含量。连续饲喂高糖高脂饲料(配方:蔗糖∶猪油∶奶粉∶鸡蛋∶猪胆酸盐∶普通饲料=30∶20∶4∶2∶0.05∶63)14d~28d,结合STZ注射的造模方法成功获得了Ⅱ型糖尿病动物模型;绿萝花通过降低成模小鼠血糖含量、升高成模小鼠血清胰岛素含量而对Ⅱ型糖尿病动物模型具有治疗作用。 相似文献
10.
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
17.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
18.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献