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1.
确证1批硫酸卡那霉素注射液中的非法添加物。在对该批样品进行非法添加物常规筛查时发现其含有未知色谱峰,且紫外光谱具有特征性,但与现有的紫外光谱库进行比对,无法确定该未知物的结构。结合UPLC-Q-TOF法给出的未知物的分子量信息推导出疑似添加物,再用HPLC-PDA和UPLC-Q/TOF两种方法进行验证,最终确证非法添加物。结果显示该批样品中的非法添加物为尼可刹米。通过检查该批样品中的非法添加物,总结出确证非法添加物的一般模式,从而为兽药处方外非法添加物的筛查与确证提供思路。  相似文献   

2.
采用高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(HPLC-QTOF)筛查并确证1批监督抽检的兽药硫酸黏菌素注射液中的未知添加物,并建立液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)定量检测20种兽药中15种该类化合物的方法。采用HPLC-QTOF筛查兽药非法添加物时,发现1批硫酸黏菌素注射液中含有未知添加物,与建立的一级谱库中氧氟沙星匹配分数很高,疑似为氧氟沙星。通过二级质谱碎片离子的推导及与对照品二级质谱比对,确证其为氧氟沙星。采用HPLC-MS/MS建立了定量检测20种常见兽药中非法添加氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星、达氟沙星、依洛沙星、洛美沙星、麻保沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、培氟沙星、司帕沙星、二氟沙星、奥比沙星、恶喹酸、氟甲喹共15种喹诺酮类化合物的方法,15种喹诺酮类化合物在各自的线性范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,添加回收率为85.0%～100.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)均不高于15.0%。通过检查该样品中的非法添加物,建立了简便、快速、灵敏的定性定量检测方法,为打击当前兽药中非法添加化合物建立技术标准提供参考,为兽药处方外非法添加筛查与确证提供思路。  相似文献   

3.
本文总结了近年来兽药中非法添加的规律,分析成因;全面梳理现有检测标准,对非法添加物检测方法的检测对象和目标药物进行统计分析,研究检测方法发展及内在联系。在非法添加物检测方法提升和风险防范方面进行思考,提出筛查与确证方法并重、进一步扩大检测方法适用性、加强高效、高通量检测技术研究、拓展非法添加物检测品种范围;加强检查与宣传、疏堵结合,全面减少非法添加风险。  相似文献   

4.
定性和定量分析一批兽药硫酸黏菌素可溶性粉中的未知添加物。照《中国兽药典》2010年版一部对该批检品用微生物检定法进行含量测定时,发现该样品的抑菌圈为虚圈,用薄层色谱鉴别该样品,未显示与标准品溶液一致的主斑点,怀疑该样品中有处方外非法添加物。采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q/TOF MS)对该样品进行筛查,发现疑似添加物,并使用液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)法进行了双重确证和含量测定。该样品中非法添加物确证为磺胺氯达嗪和甲氧苄啶,添加量分别为58.5 mg/g和13.4 mg/g。本研究通过建立筛查方法为监管部门提供技术支撑,通过分析非法添加物的可能原因为打击兽药处方外非法添加提供了思路。  相似文献   

5.
采用UPLC-PDA联合UPLC-MS/MS方法确证了一批标称杨树花口服液中非法添加物甘草酸。样品经提取稀释后，采用ACQUITY UPLC T3色谱柱为分离柱，UPLC-PDA初步筛查，再用负离子扫描，液相色谱串联质谱仪上机测定。通过对比色谱图保留时间和光谱图的峰形以及质谱图，结果表明最终确证该批样品中非法添加物为甘草酸。UPLC-PDA方法中甘草酸检测限为20μg/mL,定量限为50μg/mL。本方法快速、灵敏、重现性好，适用于本批标称杨树花口服液中甘草酸的检测。  相似文献   

6.
建立了黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加化学物质的薄层色谱快速检测方法。用该法对25批市售样品进行检测,检出非法添加11批,共6种药物,经确认为非法添加。本方法具有良好的灵敏度和专属性,可对黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加的化学物质进行快速筛选。  相似文献   

7.
<正>建立了黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加化学物质的薄层色谱快速检测方法。用该法对25批市售样品进行检测,检出非法添加11批,共6种药物,经确认为非法添加。本方法具有良好的灵敏度和专属性,可对黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加的化学物质进行快速筛选。  相似文献   

8.
建立了一整套利用高效液相色谱-四级杆／线性离子阱质谱对兽药中非法添加物进行筛查的方法。首先,通过比较样品与阴性对照的差异,采用Q3全扫描方式获取靶目标化合物的母离子质荷比（214．2Da）,再对该化合物的质谱参数、色谱分离条件等进行逐一优化,最后利用线性离子阱质谱的“多反应监测触发增强子离子扫描”功能对靶目标化合物与相应标准物质进行谱库匹配分析。综合靶目标化合物的保留时间（6．92min）、离子质荷比、特征碎片离子及谱库匹配度（93．2）等参数,确证了该品牌的部分兽药中非法添加了氯丙那林。本研究为兽药中非法添加物筛查及定性确证提供了一个有效的思路与方法。  相似文献   

9.
建立了氟苯尼考注射液、柴胡注射液中非法添加培氟沙星、洛美沙星的HPLC-PDA检查方法。采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以磷酸溶液-乙腈-甲醇(85.5∶7.0∶7.5)为流动相;二极管阵列检测器,提取波长为277 nm。通过液相色谱保留时间、峰纯度检查和光谱相似度检查对非法添加物进行确证。结果表明,该色谱条件下培氟沙星、洛美沙星与其他物质分离良好。培氟沙星在氟苯尼考注射液、柴胡注射液中的平均回收率分别为101.4%(RSD=0.2%)、100.0%(RSD=0.4%),洛美沙星在氟苯尼考注射液、柴胡注射液中的平均回收率分别为101.2%(RSD=0.1%)、99.8%(RSD=0.5%)。本方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于检查氟苯尼考注射液、柴胡注射液中非法添加的培氟沙星、洛美沙星。  相似文献   

10.
建立氟苯尼考注射液中非法添加的二氧丙嗪的检测方法。对1批氟苯尼考注射液照《中国兽药典》2010版HPLC法进行含量测定时，发现未知物质峰。采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱（UHPLC-Q/TOF MS）对该批检品进行筛查，发现该添加物疑似二氧丙嗪，并采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法（HPLC-DAD）对二氧丙嗪进行定性和定量检测。结果显示，高效液相色谱法二氧丙嗪在1 ~ 100 μg/mL浓度范围内的线性良好(r=1.0000)，平均回收率为99.5％，RSD为0.3％。本方法专属性强，灵敏度高，重现性好，适用于氟苯尼考注射液中非法添加二氧丙嗪的检测。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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