共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
微卫星分离模式显示雄性三倍体鲫产生非整倍体精子 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
三倍体鲫(Carassius auratus)行天然雌核发育,其自然种群中却有较高比例的雄性个体,这些雄性个体的性腺发育正常,能产生有活力的精子。而且其精子的DNA含量约为体细胞的一半,显示三倍体鲫精子发生过程中可能经历了均等的减数分裂。流式细胞术虽然能够较准确地测定细胞群的平均DNA含量,但是却很难检测到单个精子中的个别染色体增减,要明确回答雄性三倍体鲫产生的精子是否为整倍体需要定量地检测单个精子的遗传组成。本研究用微卫星标记检测以雌性鲤(Cyprinus carpio)与雄性三倍体鲫为亲本构建的杂种家系的基因型,结果发现母本鲤的多态位点在子代中呈孟德尔分离,父本三倍体鲫具有三套鲫基因组,其等位基因在子代中呈随机分离。上述研究结果提示:三倍体鲫起源于二倍体鲫的同源加倍,而非二倍体鲫和鲤的种间杂交;三倍体鲫通过染色体的随机分离产生非整倍体的精子,其精子发生过程中没有均等的减数分裂。三倍体鲫行雌核发育生殖,却可能并非起源于种间杂交且群体中的雄性个体可育,因而是单性生殖鱼类中的一个特例。 相似文献
2.
采用17对鲢微卫星引物,以野生鲢、养殖鲢、雄鲤作对照对人工雌核发育鲢近交F2及其亲本进行了微卫星分析。结果表明:人工雌核发育鲢近交F2、养殖鲢和野生鲢群体的平均等位基因数范围为2.1～4.0;平均观测杂合度范围为0.2762～0.9588;期望杂合度范围为0.2774～0.7360;遗传多样性指数范围为0.4500～1.2258,人工雌核鲢近交F2为0.4500,显著低于养殖鲢(1.0273)和野生鲢(1.2258),揭示人工雌核发育鲢近交F2遗传多样性水平较低,纯合度较高。从遗传距离来看,人工雌核发育鲢近交F2与对照群体之间的遗传距离都要大于野生鲢与养殖鲢群体之间遗传距离,表明人工雌核发育鲢近交F2发生了一定程度的遗传分化。 相似文献
3.
Ya-Juan Li Zhuo Yu Ming-Zhao Zhang Cong Qian Syuiti Abe Katsutoshi Arai 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(4):759-768
When eggs from the Chinese tetraploid loach that had 100 chromosomes were fertilized with UV-irradiated sperm, we obtained viable gynogenetic progeny without any additional treatment for the duplication of maternal chromosomes, which survived beyond first feeding towards adult stage of development. Gynogenetic progeny were determined to be diploid since they possessed 50 chromosomes, along with two chromosomes bearing nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), detected by silver nitrate staining (Ag-NORs), chromomycin-A3 (CMA3)-positive sites and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signals for rDNA loci. In contrast, when gynogens were induced using eggs from diploid loach fertilized by UV-irradiated sperm, but without chromosome doubling, we found that all resultant progeny were non-viable haploid gynogens with 25 chromosomes, along with one NOR-bearing chromosome detected by Ag-NORs, CMA3 and FISH. These observations demonstrate the true genetic tetraploid nature of the Chinese loach possessing 100 chromosomes, and the potential use of this tetraploid as a source of functional diploid gametes for further ploidy manipulation experiments. 相似文献
4.
淇河鲫（Carassius auratus）为河南省的传统优质特色水产品种之一,是我国著名的鲫地方品种。本研究利用15个微卫星标记从85尾淇河鲫样品中共鉴定出21个克隆系,在其中6个克隆系中检测到18尾雄性个体。结果表明：淇河鲫是两性型雌核发育三倍体,遗传多样性水平较高。多元统计分析显示：体高、体宽、背鳍基长等3个性状对体质量的影响达到了极显著的水平（P〈0.01）,这一结果与体高背厚的淇河鲫种质较优异的生产经验一致。本研究结果提示：可以借鉴两性型雌核发育方正银鲫育种成功经验来开展淇河鲫品种的选育,在选育过程中应关注淇河鲫体高背厚的形态特点。 相似文献
5.
Induced diploid gynogenesis and polyploidy in crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch), x common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., hybrids. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
N.B. Cherfas B.I. Gomelsky O.V. Emelyanova A.V. Recoubratsky 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(9):943-954
Abstract. Results of a 16 year (1977–1992) study of hybrids obtained from crossing two cyprinid fish, crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch) (bisexual form), and common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., are presented. The ability to produce diploid eggs in F1 females (resulting from chromosome endoreduplication in early oogenesis) was responsible for the high yield of spontaneous diploids in gynogenetic progenies of F1 females and for triploidy in hybrids from back-crosses of F1 females with males of the parent species. Different types of hybrids, including diploid and triploid gynogenetic, tetraploid (amphidiploid) and androgenetic progenies, were obtained. Diploid and some triploid hybrids (females only) were reproduced inter se by induced gynogenesis in several subsequent gynogenetic generations. Amphidiploid hybrids were obtained by crossing triploid F8 females with diploid common carp males or by crossing diploid gynogenetic females with diploid inverted hybrid males producing diploid sperm. Results of cytogenetic investigations and fish culture properties in hybrids are presented. The scientific and practical significance of the data obtained are discussed. 相似文献
6.
5月中下旬繁殖季节,用方正银鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio）的卵子分别与麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）（方正银鲫♀×麦穗鱼♂,简称FM）、方正银鲫（方正银鲫♀×方正银鲫♂,FF）和荷包红鲤（Cyprinus carpio）（方正银鲫♀×荷包红鲤♂,FH）的精子进行人工授精,孵出的仔鱼在网箱中饲养,测定和统计各组子代的存活率、绝对增重率和性比等。结果表明：FF子代的成活率（91.15±1.78%）极显著地高于FM（87.50±2.13%）和FH（85.00±1.04%）（P〈0.01）,FM和FH之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;FM（20.17±4.33 g）、FH（23.13±3.58 g）子代的出池体质量显著高于FF（18.90±3.82 g）（P〈0.05）,无论雌性还是雄性子代,组间差异均极显著（P〈0.01）,而组内、性别间生长差异不显著（P〉0.05）;FM（99%）、FF（73%）和FH（99%）子代的雌性百分比明显偏向雌性（P〈0.01）,且组间差异极显著,异源精子受精后子代中雌鱼比例明显增高（P〈0.01）。本研究结果证明：银鲫生长性状中存在＂异精效应＂,异源精子对子代的存活率和性别比例有显著影响,对生产中积极利用异源精子提供了数据支持。 相似文献
7.
银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)是行雌核发育的三倍体物种,但在自然水域与二倍体普通鲫(Carassius auratus L.)生活在一起,外形上无法区分,在群体遗传学的各种参数上两者也没有明显区别。本研究利用17个二碱基微卫星标记和51个三碱基微卫星标记对2次采样共6个样本组进行了基因型分析。通过对电泳图案及电泳结果的简单描述和比较来分析银鲫和普通鲫在群体遗传学上的差别。在2次采样所得群体的等位基因数和基因型数这2个参数上,普通鲫都明显高于银鲫(第1次所采样本普通鲫与银鲫的基因型数之比217∶175;等位基因数之比188∶163;第2次样本基因型数之比537∶349,等位基因数之比353∶282)。结果也表明在纯合子占优势的基因座,纯合子比例银鲫高于普通鲫,杂合子比例则是普通鲫远远高于银鲫;与此完全相反,在杂合子占优势的基因座,纯合子比例银鲫低于普通鲫,杂合子比例则是银鲫远远高于普通鲫。研究还通过比较普通鲫的基因座遗传平衡数据,讨论了银鲫群体基因座不平衡现象的特征和产生的原因。 相似文献
8.
《水生生物资源》2003,16(5):408-415
The development of techniques for production of gynogenetic, androgenetic, polyploid, and monosex progenies in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is described from a chronological perspective. Gynogenetic progenies were obtained either by suppression of the second meiotic division in eggs (meiotic gynogenesis) or by suppression of the first mitotic division in haploid embryos (mitotic gynogenesis). As a rule, gynogenetic progenies of common carp were all-female, revealing female homogamety (females—XX, males—XY) in this species. Induced gynogenesis results in increased homozygosity; the rate of increase depends on the type of gynogenesis. Inbreeding coefficient (F) for one generation of meiotic gynogenesis in common carp is about 0.6, while diploids obtained by mitotic gynogenesis are homozygous for all genes (F = 1.0). Mitotic gynogenesis was used for production of clones in common carp. In androgenetic progenies of common carp, YY males were identified, that after crossing with normal females (XX) produced all-male progenies. Triploids of common carp are characterized by a significant reduction in gonad development (especially ovaries). However, the reduction in gonad development did not result in an increase of somatic growth rate of fish. The procedure for androgen treatment to induce phenotypic sex reversal in genotypic females (XX) was elaborated. All-female progenies of common carp were produced on a large scale by crossing normal females (XX) with hormonally sex-reversed males (XX). Rearing of all-female progenies in conditions when fish normally reach sexual maturity before reaching of market size increased production yield by 7–8%. In a few cases distant hybridization resulted in polyploidy of fish without application of any physical treatment. The ability of hybrid females between crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and common carp to produce diploid (with unreduced chromosome number) gametes resulted in opportunities to produce triploid and tetraploid hybrid progenies. 相似文献
9.
将性成熟的鲤鲫杂交鱼一代（F1）的雌鱼与雄性红鲫鱼杂交,获得了回交鲫子代,分析了平均体质量94.2g的1龄回交鲫子一代的细胞染色体核型,测定了其DNA含量。肾细胞直接制片法表明：回交鲫子代染色体由147条组成,即3n=147,NF=222,其核型公式为：3n=51m＋24sm＋27st＋45t。流式细胞记数法结果表明：在20尾鱼中有14尾回交鲫子代细胞的DNA含量是对照鱼（红鲫鱼）的1.5倍,占总鱼数的70%;6尾在2～3倍体之间,非常接近三倍体,占总鱼数的30%。本结果与其细胞染色体核型分析结果基本一致,说明该鱼是以三倍体为主的回交种。 相似文献
10.
Three groups of gynogenetic diploid bighead carp were successfully obtained by means of artificial gynogenesis. The activation rates of gynogenesis varied from 75.9% to 98.8%, and the frequency of spontaneous diploidization was around 0.4%. Over 2000 normally gynogenetic diploid fry were obtained in three gynogenetic groups. The haploid karyotype consisted of nine metacentric, 12 submetacentric, three subtelocentric chromosomes and 45 arms. The chromosome number was 48 from gynogenetic diploid. The results showed that the genetic material of offspring was maternal. The aneuploid hybrid embryos of bighead carp and Xingguo red common carp with chromosome numbers ranging from 28 to 73 did not survive post hatch, likely the result of incompatibility between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of two parents. Sixty RAPD primers from three groups were used for total DNA amplification of gynogenetic offspring, maternal and ‘paternal’ fish. A total of 451 bands were amplified from three kinds of samples above. From maternal bighead carp, 256 bands were amplified; however, there were 251 shared bands between maternal and gynogenetic bighead carp. From artificial gynogenetic offspring, two ‘paternal’ DNA segments without an expression function were found. An UPGMA tree showed that gynogenetic offspring were closely clustered and the genetic identity among them was very high (0.956). 相似文献
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三角帆蚌钩介幼虫在5种寄主鱼体寄生效果的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用黄颡鱼、草鱼、鲢、鳙和鲫作为三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)的寄主鱼,分析了寄苗悬液钩介幼虫密度和寄苗时间对5种鱼初始寄苗量的影响,并对寄生在这5种鱼上的钩介幼虫发育情况进行了观察。结果表明:无论高密度寄苗还是低密度寄苗,长时间寄苗还是短时间寄苗,黄颡鱼和草鱼的寄苗量都明显高于鲢、鳙和鲫。提高寄苗悬液钩介幼虫密度,寄主鱼的寄苗量显著增加,但增加寄苗时间,寄主鱼的寄苗量未见显著提高。黄颡鱼和草鱼的稚蚌脱苗率显著高于鲢、鳙和鲫,寄生在鲢、鳙和鲫鳃上的钩介幼虫约80%未发育至稚蚌便提前脱落。不论在寄苗量方面,还是在稚蚌脱苗率方面,黄颡鱼和草鱼均是三角帆蚌钩介幼虫的最佳寄主。 相似文献
13.
同水体银鲫与普通鲫遗传多样性比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过2003年、2004年连续两年采样,用20对具有稳定扩增的银鲫微卫星引物对样品进行扩增,结果如下：2003年样品三倍体银鲫与二倍体鲫的平均杂合度分别为0．5885、0．6066；2004年样品两者的平均杂合度为0．5946、0．6091。2003年样品三倍体银鲫与二倍体鲫的遗传相似性系数为0．6331,两者的遗传距离为0．3669；2004年样品两者的遗传相似性系数为0．6173,遗传距离为0．3827。两年测定的结果显示三倍体银鲫的杂合度略低于二倍体鲫,两者的遗传距离较近,在所扩增的大部分微卫星位点上基因型相同或相似,其差异为种内差异,三倍体银鲫是鲫的一个特殊种群,在进化上,三倍体银鲫可能是从鲫分化而来的,是其在特殊的环境下的一种适应。 相似文献
14.
彭泽鲫的分子遗传分析及其与方正银鲫A系的比较 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
Genetic homogeneity between Pengze crucian carp and strain A of silver crucian carp was studied by using transferrin,isozyme and RAPD markers.The studied individuals of Pengze crucian carp showed transferring patterns were the same of silver crucian carp A strain while distinct from those of other crucian carp populations.As far as isozyme is concerned,the MDH,LDH and EST are all of the same with only slight differences in SOD between them.The RPAD patterns clearly indicated high homogeneity among 16 individuals (6 sampled from individuals of two years old and the others aged one) from crucian carp of Pengze and 5 individuals from strain A of silver crucain carp.Nearly indentical banding patterns were observed among all individuals.Average genetic distance within all the individuals is only 0.011,suggesting crucian carp of Pengze might possess indentical genetic background with strain A of silver crucian carp. 相似文献
15.
鳜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢消化酶活性的研究 总被引：94，自引：6，他引：94
鳜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢肝脏蛋白酶活性低于肠蛋白酶。肠蛋白酶活性，鳜鱼最高，其余依次为青鱼、鲤、鲢、草鱼、鲫。鳜鱼、鲢的肠蛋白酶活性由前肠向后肠递减；而青鱼、鲤、草鱼的则由前肠向后肠递增；鲫则中肠活性最低。六种鱼不同组织的脂肪酶活性因鱼而异。青鱼、鳜鱼、鲤、鲢肝脏中脂肪酶活性低于肠脂肪酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而草鱼和鲫肝脏中脂肪酶活性与肠脂肪酶活性差异不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。六种鱼肝脏中脂肪酶活性由高到低依次为鳜鱼＞鲢＞鲫＞草鱼＞青鱼＞鲤；肠脂肪酶活性顺序为鳜鱼＞鲢＞青鱼＞鲤＞草鱼＞鲫。脂肪酶活性与鱼类食性无明显相关性。不同组织间淀粉酶活性存在差异。鳜鱼的肝脏和肠均有较高淀粉酶活性，青鱼和鲫肝脏中淀粉酶活性低于肠中的；草鱼、鲤和鲢肝脏中淀粉酶活性高于肠中的，但差异不显著。六种鱼中鳜鱼的肝脏淀粉酶活性明显高于其它五种无胃鱼，它们的淀粉酶活性顺序依次为鳜鱼＞鲢＞鲤＞草鱼＞青鱼＞鲫；肠淀粉酶活性顺序为鳜鱼＞鲫＞鲤＞青鱼＞鲢＞草鱼。 相似文献
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雄核发育异育银鲫及其初步应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用鲫（２ｎ＝１００）卵与异育银鲫（３ｎ＝１５６）正常精子进行人工授精,产生了部分的雄核发育异育银鲫（３ｎ＝１５６）。池塘中饲养的雄核发育能银鲫性腺不仅能成熟,而且也能生殖。它与父本异育银鲫回交可以产生回交子一代（Ｂ１）。雄核发育异育银鲫、回交子一代异育银鲫与父本异育银鲫非常相似。它们均具有相同的染色体数目（３ｎ＝１５６）,红细胞核的体积是鲫红细胞核体积的１．６倍。另一方面,用随机拉增多态ＤＮＡ（Ｒ 相似文献
17.
银鲫与普通鲫群体遗传结构的比较分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用15个微卫星多态性分子标记,对黑龙江省方正县双龙水库和双凤水库两个水体的雌核发育银鲫(Car-assius auratus gibelio)和二倍体普通鲫(Carassius auratus(L))的群体遗传多样性进行比较分析。结果显示:平均每个多态性位点获得银鲫10.39个有效等位基因,普通鲫11.82个有效等位基因;双龙水库三倍体银鲫和二倍体普通鲫的平均观测杂合度分别为0.6035和0.6300,双凤水库中的三倍体银鲫和二倍体普通鲫的平均观测杂合度为0.5311和0.5885;相似性与遗传距离分析结果显示:相似性最大的是双凤水体内的银鲫和普通鲫(0.8127),远大于两个水体间的银鲫群体间的相似性。结果表明,银鲫与普通鲫存在着明显的遗传物质交流,较高的遗传相似性不仅与传统的银鲫起源于普通鲫的观点一致,也暗示银鲫与普通鲫存在经常性地遗传物质交流。 相似文献
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为进一步提高我国广大池塘养鱼的产品质量、经济效益和改善其生态环境。本试验在武汉新洲973项目实验基地9个陆基鱼池中进行了三种不同混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较研究,每种模式设3个重复。模式Ⅰ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙和高背鲫;模式Ⅱ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙、匙吻鲟和高背鲫;模式Ⅲ中放养草鱼、鲢和高背鲫。
结果表明：通过122d的养殖试验,模式Ⅱ中草鱼的生长不仅显著高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ（P<0.05）,而且其经济效益模式Ⅱ同样高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ。 相似文献
20.
用人工选育的异源四倍体鲫鲤（♂）与白鲫（♀）杂交获得具有明显生长优势的三倍体湘云鲫。采用差速离心和核酸酶处理等方法，从三倍体、白鲫和异源四倍体鲫鲤肝组织中提取线粒体DNA，并用9种限制性内切酶进行单酶酶切分析。经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后计算出各酶切片段的大小，测得三倍体、白鲫和异源四倍体鲫鲤mtDNA的分子大小分别为16．24kb、16．60kb和16．20kb。根据各单倍型间的酶切片段共享度，估算出3个群体间的遗传距离，说明了mtDNA母系遗传的特性。 相似文献