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1.
丁鱥雌核发育鱼的异源精子诱导及其与亲本的RAPD比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gynogenesis is thought to be a useful method to generate fully inbred line and to initiate monosex culture in teleost fish. This article presents results of a study of gynogenesis of tench, Tinca tinca L. from Eltrix River of Xinjiang, China, induced by the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) sperm inactivated with UV irradiation. When cold shocking method was used to prevent exmasion of the second polar body in order to produce gynogenetic diploids, the optimum treated parameters were screened as cold shocking for 20min at 4℃, 5min after insemination. On this condition, 10.23% of the treated eggs survived at feeding stage. A comparative study between the gynogenesis and their parents was made by RAPD technique. 82 random primers of 10 nucleotide long sequence were used in RAPD analysis. The results showed that each primer gives 3- 12 fragments for each sample with the fragment length 330 - 2 460 bp, and the genetic similarity between gynogenesis and their mother was 97.4 %, while the genetic similarity between gynogenesis and their father was 27.4%, and there were no bands only shared by gynogenesis and their father, the common carp. It revealed that the chromosome of their father, the common carp, did not penetrate into the construction of gynogenetic tench. 相似文献
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水产养殖动物基因组研究的现状及其应用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The genomic resources from human and several model organisms have been increased very fast since 1990. The techniques for developing genomic resources have already been very advanced and smart. These could make scientists see and improve organism in genomic level. For Chinese aquaculture scientists and aquatic industry, developing genomic resources and genetic tools for the native species are most important in the genomic era. The genomic resources and genetic tools for several aquatic species have been developed and some of them have been used in the marker based selection and other researches. The genome research work on aquaculture species was reviewed in this paper, especially a USDA genome project was focused. Some functional genomic research for aquatic animal was also discussed here. The importance and necessity of China aquaculture species genome project were discussed. Common carp and other cultured fishes in Cyprinidae such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp etc were recommended as the candidate species for genome research, because the output of all carps is almost up to 1/3 of total fisheries output in China. Common carp with another virtue for genome research is that there are much more families and strains in common carp than those in other cultured species in China, and those families and strains are the basis for genome research and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with important economic trait. Although the first linkage map of common carp made by Sun needs to be added with more markers for mapping QTL and Type I markers ,it has laid the groundwork for QTL mapping and markerassisted selection in common carp. Because the model organism zebrafish and common carp, grass carp and other carps cultured in China all belong to Cyprinidae, the China carp genome research will obtain a lot of useful information from zebrafish genome research. How the China carp genome program will be conducted and what kinds of strategy involved in this program were all suggested. How the results of the genome research of aquaculture species will be used in the aquaculture industry was reviewed and analyzed here. 相似文献
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In order to investigate the difference in utilization of diets with different quality in Jian carp（Cyprinus carpio var. Jian）and allogynogenetic silver curcian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio), a 55 d growth trial was conducted and low quality diet (LQ-diet) and high quality diet (HQ diet) were tested. LQ-diet contained 33.91% dietary protein which is mainly from soybean meal while HQ-diet contained 45.59% dietary protein which is mainly from fish meal. The initial average body weights were from 5.58 g to 5.82 g for two fish strains. The trial was carried out in a system consisting of 12 self circulation 320 L tanks. During the experiment, the fish were fed to satiation twice a day (at 9: 00 and 15:00), and uneaten feed was collected 1 h after feeding and dried. Feces were collected twice a day (at 11:00 and 16:45) from the fecal traps and dried at 70 ℃. The results show that feed intake was higher in Jian carp than in allogynogenetic silver curcian carp when fed LQ diet, while there was no significant difference between weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency rate and apparent digestibility. When fed HQ diet, Jian carp showed a lower feed intake, but higher feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate than allogynogenetic silver curcian carp while there was no significant difference in the weight gain and apparent digestibility of both species. For Jian carp, feed intake and protein efficiency rate for the fish fed HQ diet and LQ diet were not significantly different, while the fish fed HQ diet showed higher weight gain, feed conve
rsion efficiency and apparent digestibility. For allogynogenetic silver curcian carp, the fish fed HQ diet showed significantly higher feed intake, apparent digestibility, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and lower protein efficiency rate. For Jian carp, body contents of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy for the fish fed HQ diet and LQ diet were significantly higher. For allogynogenetic silver curcian carp, body contents of dry matter and protein was significantly higher, while body contents of lipid and energy were affected by diet qualities. Compared to Jian carp, allogynogenetic silver curcian carp showed better utilization when fed LQ diet while poorer utilization when fed HQ diet. 相似文献
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海湾扇贝个体间单向人工授精的分子生物学验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hybrid family of Argopecten irradians irradians was created by fertilization between two northern bay scallop individuals. Two families were analyzed in this study. The first family, Pa-Pb, is a pair mating between two scallops named Pa and Pb, while the second one crossed by individuals of Y1 and P0. Marker inheritance and segregation were studied in the 10 progenies of each family by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. 102 RAPD primers were first screened by parental animals of both families. Only the primers with polymorphisms between the two parental animals in each family were select
ed for further analysis. In both families, parents and 10 progeny were nalyzed
with selected primers. In family Pa-Pb, a total of 122 bands generated from 12 selected primers. 37 of them were polymorphic between two parents. The maternal Pa of this family had 17 molecular markers while paternal Pb had 20 markers. In Y1-P0，95 bands were produced by 10 selected primers. 32 bands were polymorphic between maternal Y1 and paternal P0, who had 17 and 15 molecular markers respectively. In both families, each progeny analyzed in this study had at least 8 maternal markers and 5 paternal markers. Based on segregation patterns at all markers analyzed, we concluded that none of the progeny analyzed were from self-fertilization, and oneway hybridization between two individuals was successful in both of the two bay scallop families. 相似文献
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The Hu-IFN-α gene, which was transducted into downstream promoter of β-actin gene of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), was recombined by DNA recombination technology. These recombined genes were injected into 1-2 cell fertilized eggs of grass carp (Ctenophatyngodon idellus) by microinjection technology, we gained transgenetic fish by molecular detection methods. In order to analyse the genetic expression of tranHu-IFN-α gene gynogensis F1, which male individualization were gained by raising methyltestosterone, molecular genetic marker technology was used. In our research, 30 random primers were picked out from 48 and were used into RAPD-PCR, the result indicated that 1 169 clear, steady and repeated DNA finger printing bands were achieved. On the basis of gentic distance matrix among tranHu-IFN-α gene gynogenesis F1 group, the genetic relationship of gynogenesis F1 were analysed by UPGMA, the results showed the genetic patterns are close between the 3# male gynogenesis F1 and the the 23# female of gynogenesis F1, 5# and 27#, 2# and 28#, 2# and 30#. The data indicated that these group could be served as parent of tranHu-IFN-α grass carp (Ctenophatyngodon idellus) pure line. 相似文献
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甲胺磷、辛硫磷对坛紫菜叶状体的生理效应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
In this paper, the effects of methmidophos and phoxim with different concentrations and schedule on soluble protein content and chlorophyl a (Chla) content in Porphyra haintanensis were studied under experimental and ecological conditions. The results showed as follows: (1) there were some time-effect and dose-effect relationships between the pollutants and Chla contents. The Chla content of most of groups decreased with the increasing of dose and prolonging of the exposure time. In the same concentration, the toxicities of phoxim to Chla content was stronger than that of methmidophos. (2) All concentration groups in this study didn‘t show the significant time-effect and dose-effect relationships between pollutants and the soluble protein. And there was no significant difference of the soluble protein content among various groups. 相似文献
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鲍遗传育种研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Abalones are important farming species with a high economic value. They have already been farmed for more than 50 years. As problems and new requirements rose continuously in culture industry of abalone, studies on genetic and breeding techniques are needed to improve characteristics and to gain new traits. This review concentrates on advances in genetics and breeding techniques in abalone. As for genetic studies, karyological analyses, allozyme, DNA markers and genetic diversity were reviewed. So far, karyological analyses in abalone have been performed in 12 species that can be divided into three groups according to the chromosome number. In some economically important species, loci of allozymes and. microsatellites have been isolated and applied to investigate the genetic structure of natural and hatchery populations and to identify the result of chromosome set manipulation, but the related reports are only a few yet. The resultsof investigation with DNA markers and allozymes showed that the genetic structure of natural populations presents two characteristics: excessive homozygosity and subdivision. Advances of various breeding techniques, including introduction, selection,hybridization, polyploidy, gynogenesis and gene manipulation, were reviewed in the other part. Although Haliotis discus discus, introduced from Japan, has become one of the most important culture species in China, the economic, social and environmental effects of introduction have been rarely studied. Selection is one of the most important and basic breeding techniques, but the studies on selection are only a few and preliminary, referring to the relations between genetic characteristics and the traits of growth and resistance, genetic diversity and heritability of quantitative traits, and the effect of selection. Interspecific hybridization was the first breeding program carded out in abalone. Experimental hybridization have been carded out for about 20 crosses. Heterosis,such as faster growth and high survival rate, has been observed in some crosses. Triploids have been successfully induced in many species of abalone with physical or chemical shock, e.g.H, discus hannai, H. rufescens, H.diversicolor diversicolor and H. rnidae. Field experiments were conducted in some species of triploid abalone. In comparison with triploid, the research on tetraploid is still in quest stage. The progress of induction of gynogenesis in abalone is quite slow. Conditions of sperm inactivation, diploid restoration and nuclear behavior of gynogenetically activated eggs have been researched on in H. discus han nai. Notwithstanding the gene transfer technology in abalone is in the quest stage, the research have already involved preparation of exogenic DNA,means of gene transfer, identification integration and expression of target gene, etc. Three research directions in these topics were proposed : to investigate the germplasm resources of abalone deeply and widely, to make use of traditional breeding methods and modem biotechnique synthetically, and to combine the science research with production practice. 相似文献
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Physico-chemical properties of FGF8 in Ctenopharyngodon idellus were analyzed by bioinformatics. The full - length grass carp FGF8 pro-polypeptide of 210 amino acids including 40 basic amino acids and 16 acidic amino acids. The signal peptide sequence is MRLIPSRLSYLFLHLFAFCYYA, and its cleavage site is located between Ala22 and Gln23. Grass carp FGF8 protein is a secreted protein since the typical character of secreted protein is that its N-domain contains a signal peptide. There are two N-glycosylation in the sites of Asn37 and Asn136, respectively, which were Asn-Phe-Thr and Asn-Tyr-Thr. The molecular weight （Mw） of grass carp FGF8 protein is 24.68 kDa. Its isoelectnic point （pl） is 10.93. The protein contains four main secondary structures： α-helix, β- sheet, β-turn and random coil. 相似文献
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To study the susceptibility of multiple fresh water fish cell lines to channel catfish virus （CCV） and to evaluate and assess potentially pernicious impact of CCV on several rare and important economic fish species in China. Five cell lines established from several fish species including grass carp fins （GCF）, epithelioma papulosum cyprini （ EPC）, white sturgeon spleen （ WSS - 2 ）, chinook salmon embryo （ CHSE - 214 ） and parental control channel catfish ovary （CCO） were tested and compared for their sensitivity to CCV infection. After virns infection, test cells were characterized by cell morphology, cytopathic effect （CPE） appearance time, and infectious virus titer. Our results indicated that all these cell lines were sensitive to CCV, but at varied levels. Comparative viral challenge assays revealed that, among these five fish cell lines, GCF exhibited to be the most sensitive one to CCV infection, and infectious viral particles produced in this cell line is significantly more than that generated from parental CCO cells. EPC cells were also highly susceptible to CCV infection with a similar level of viral production as compared to CCO. Experimental data showed that all the test five cell lines were susceptible to CCV and present study suggests that CCV can be a potential pathogen to infect gYass carp, Cyprinus carpio and other fresh water fishes. 相似文献
11.
银鲫与普通鲫群体遗传结构的比较分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用15个微卫星多态性分子标记,对黑龙江省方正县双龙水库和双凤水库两个水体的雌核发育银鲫(Car-assius auratus gibelio)和二倍体普通鲫(Carassius auratus(L))的群体遗传多样性进行比较分析。结果显示:平均每个多态性位点获得银鲫10.39个有效等位基因,普通鲫11.82个有效等位基因;双龙水库三倍体银鲫和二倍体普通鲫的平均观测杂合度分别为0.6035和0.6300,双凤水库中的三倍体银鲫和二倍体普通鲫的平均观测杂合度为0.5311和0.5885;相似性与遗传距离分析结果显示:相似性最大的是双凤水体内的银鲫和普通鲫(0.8127),远大于两个水体间的银鲫群体间的相似性。结果表明,银鲫与普通鲫存在着明显的遗传物质交流,较高的遗传相似性不仅与传统的银鲫起源于普通鲫的观点一致,也暗示银鲫与普通鲫存在经常性地遗传物质交流。 相似文献
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银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)是行雌核发育的三倍体物种,但在自然水域与二倍体普通鲫(Carassius auratus L.)生活在一起,外形上无法区分,在群体遗传学的各种参数上两者也没有明显区别。本研究利用17个二碱基微卫星标记和51个三碱基微卫星标记对2次采样共6个样本组进行了基因型分析。通过对电泳图案及电泳结果的简单描述和比较来分析银鲫和普通鲫在群体遗传学上的差别。在2次采样所得群体的等位基因数和基因型数这2个参数上,普通鲫都明显高于银鲫(第1次所采样本普通鲫与银鲫的基因型数之比217∶175;等位基因数之比188∶163;第2次样本基因型数之比537∶349,等位基因数之比353∶282)。结果也表明在纯合子占优势的基因座,纯合子比例银鲫高于普通鲫,杂合子比例则是普通鲫远远高于银鲫;与此完全相反,在杂合子占优势的基因座,纯合子比例银鲫低于普通鲫,杂合子比例则是银鲫远远高于普通鲫。研究还通过比较普通鲫的基因座遗传平衡数据,讨论了银鲫群体基因座不平衡现象的特征和产生的原因。 相似文献
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在优化RAPD检测条件的基础上，从100个随机引物中筛选出60个扩增较好的引物对异源四倍体鲫鲤及其原始亲本红鲫和湘江野鲤相互间扩增DNA片段的异同性进行比较研究。结果显示，60个引物共产生1554条带，单一引物扩增的DNA片段数在6～20条之间，片段大小在200～3500bp之间。遗传相似率分析表明，异源四倍体鲫鲤与其原始母本红鲫的相似率为69．41％，与其原始父本野鲤的相似率为64．47％，说明异源四倍体鲫鲤接受原始母本红鲫的遗传物质要多一些；而红鲫和野鲤之间的相似率为42．18％，说明两者的基因组成有较大的相似性，从分子水平证实了红鲫和野鲤的远缘杂交具有较大的亲和性。在分析中，还发现异源四倍体鲫鲤有4条非亲本带，非亲本带谱率达0．72％，这些非亲本带可以作为异源四倍体鲫鲤特异性的分子标记。 相似文献
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水晶彩鲫、红鲫、锦鲤、荷包红鲤杂交子代的生长和体色研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用人工授精的方法,进行水晶彩鲫、红鲫、锦鲤和荷包红鲤的相互杂交试验,测定各个杂交组合子代的成活率、生长速度和体色分离比例。结果表明：4种鱼能够相互杂交受精,孵出鱼苗。孵化率锦鲤自交最低为46．4％,其它组合为70％～80％;杂交鱼苗经28d的人工饲养,水晶彩鲫与荷包红鲤、锦鲤的正、反杂交,同其它杂交组合比较有明显的差别,其生长速度慢,个体之间差异大,成活率低;杂交子代的体型分为3类：鲫鱼型、鲤鱼型和鲤鲫型。鳞片反光组织(虹彩细胞或鸟粪素细胞)为2类：完全型、缺失型。体色分离复杂多样,水晶彩鲫与红鲫杂交是水晶彩鲫,红鲫与锦鲤、荷包红鲤杂交是青灰色鲤鲫杂种,水晶彩鲫与锦鲤、荷包红鲤杂交都会出现水晶彩色和青灰色鲤鲫杂种。 相似文献
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Jie Dong Masaru Murakami Takafumi Fujimoto Etsuro Yamaha Katsutoshi Arai 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(6):935-941
Silver crucian carp Carassius auratus langsdorfii comprises a diploid-polyploid complex in wild Japanese populations. Bisexually reproducing diploids are sympatrically distributed with gynogenetically developing triploids and tetraploids. Triploid and tetraploid males are very rare among Japanese silver crucian carp due to their gynogenetic reproduction. We examined the genetic characteristics of progeny that arose in a tank by natural spawning of a tetraploid silver crucian carp pair. The ploidy status of 120 samples randomly collected from these progeny was determined to be tetraploid by DNA content flow cytometry. DNA fingerprints from a random amplified polymorphic DNA assay indicated that almost all the progeny examined had genotypes identical to the maternal tetraploid female with no paternally derived fragments. Selected specimens’ cytogenetic analyses revealed that the progeny examined had tetraploid chromosome numbers, categorized into 40 metacentric, 80 submetacentric, and 80 subtelocentric or telocentric chromosomes, which were arranged into quartets and six supernumerary microchromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization signals were detected in four homologous chromosomes in all analyzed metaphases prepared from diploid goldfish specimens. Contrary, tetraploid silver crucian carp gave eight rDNA signals. These results suggest that gynogenetic development in eggs spawned by tetraploid females should be triggered by tetraploid males’ homospecific sperm. 相似文献
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雄核发育异育银鲫及其初步应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用鲫（２ｎ＝１００）卵与异育银鲫（３ｎ＝１５６）正常精子进行人工授精,产生了部分的雄核发育异育银鲫（３ｎ＝１５６）。池塘中饲养的雄核发育能银鲫性腺不仅能成熟,而且也能生殖。它与父本异育银鲫回交可以产生回交子一代（Ｂ１）。雄核发育异育银鲫、回交子一代异育银鲫与父本异育银鲫非常相似。它们均具有相同的染色体数目（３ｎ＝１５６）,红细胞核的体积是鲫红细胞核体积的１．６倍。另一方面,用随机拉增多态ＤＮＡ（Ｒ 相似文献