放流三疣梭子蟹遗传多样性和贡献率初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘海映  吕海波  崔帆  谢婉琳  李宝宝  王连顺  刘奇  陈雷  邢坤  王溪洪  史航  宋斌 《水产科学》2016,(6):613-619

近年来我国沿海三疣梭子蟹自然资源明显下降,为恢复现有资源,辽宁省自2012年开始,连续实施了4年大规模人工放流工作。在目前的增殖放流中,为检测参与繁殖的三疣梭子蟹亲本和即将放流的子代间的遗传差异以及亲本对其子代的繁殖贡献率水平,利用10对具有丰富遗传多态性的微卫星分子标记,分别对9只三疣梭子蟹雌性亲本和179只即将放流的子代进行了遗传多样性分析及亲子鉴定。结果发现,子代的平均观测杂合度、平均期望杂合度和平均多态性信息含量数值均低于参与繁殖的雌性亲本,亲本和放流子代之间在观测杂合度、多态性信息含量参数方面并无显著差异(P0.05),但期望杂合度遗传参数存在显著差异(P0.05),子代的遗传多样性较雌性亲本呈下降的趋势。使用4个微卫星分子标记时,累积排除率≥0.998,亲子鉴定的准确率为56.98%;微卫星分子标记为6个时,累积排除率≥0.9999,准确率达到97.21%;当使用8个微卫星分子标记鉴定时,准确率达100%。同时发现,9只雌性亲本对子代均有贡献,最高为29.61%,最低为3.35%,不同亲本之间的贡献率存在显著差异(P0.05)。研究表明,微卫星可以作为有效的标记手段用于三疣梭子蟹增殖放流遗传评估中。上述试验结果将为我国三疣梭子蟹增殖放流的科学发展提供基础资料。  相似文献   

大泷六线鱼放流群体与野生群体遗传多样性比较     

郭婷  宋娜  刘淑德  涂忠  胡发文  高天翔  陈健 《水产学报》2020,44(12):1976-1986

基于线粒体DNA控制区高变区部分序列和4对微卫星标记,对大泷六线鱼放流群体及自然海域群体的遗传多样性与遗传差异进行了比较分析。线粒体DNA控制区序列分析的结果显示,413尾个体共检测到单倍型117种,其中仅Hap_3、Hap_7和Hap_17为共享单倍型,占总单倍型数目的2.5%;放流、野生群体特有单倍型分别为20种和66种,分别占总单倍型数的17.09%和56.41%,放流群体特有单倍型数明显低于野生群体;放流群体和野生群体核苷酸多样性分别为0.005 1~0.006 7和0.005 8~0.007 5,单倍型多样性分别为0.856 7~0.949 9和0.883 1~0.954 9,遗传多样性均较高。微卫星标记分析结果显示,放流、野生群体平均等位基因数(N_a)分别为13~44和13~27,平均多态信息含量为0.885 6和0.874 0,均具较高的遗传多态性;群体遗传结构分析结果表明,放流、野生群体间遗传分化水平较低。研究表明,山东近海大泷六线鱼放流群体与野生群体均具有较丰富的遗传多样性,且遗传结构未存在显著的群体分化。  相似文献   

基于微卫星评估草鱼放流亲本对野生群体遗传多样性的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

季晓芬  汪登强 《水产学报》2018,42(1):10-17

利用筛选的13对草鱼多态性微卫星标记,开展了2011至2015年长江中游草鱼亲本增殖放流对野生群体遗传多样性的影响评估。通过对各位点的遗传多样性分析,13个微卫星位点的多态信息含量为0.8622(0.657~0.950),基因多样度为0.8555(0.675~0.936)。15个群体的有效等位基因数为7.4503~10.1536,等位基因丰度为11.483~15.204,说明15个草鱼群体的遗传多样性水平总体较高。遗传分化指数分析表明,群体间不存在显著遗传分化(FST5%)。通过贝叶斯聚类分析和主成分分析可将草鱼群体分为4个组群,根据分组结果以及来源划分分别对草鱼群体进行AMOVA分析,发现遗传变异大部分来自于群体内个体间,组间及组内群体间的分化水平较低(FCT5%,FSC5%),与FST分析结果一致。研究表明,当前草鱼亲本增殖放流模式对野生群体遗传结构影响不明显。  相似文献   

利用16S rRNA和COI基因序列对三疣梭子蟹不同群体遗传特征的比较分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

高俊娜  刘萍  李健  潘鲁青  高保全  陈萍 《渔业科学进展》2010,31(5):59-68

采用PCR扩增技术对三疣梭子蟹日本北海道群体、韩国东海岸群体和我国山东即墨市会场村群体3个野生群体的16S rRNA和COI基因片段进行了扩增和测序,分别得到了长度为523和658bp的片段。通过统计变异位点、平均核苷酸差异数和核苷酸多样性指数,分析比较了不同群体间的序列差异和遗传多样性水平。结果显示,我国会场三疣梭子蟹野生群体的遗传多样性水平较低。用MEGA4.0软件中的NJ法构建的分子进化树,基于16S rRNA片段构建的NJ系统树所反映的分类关系与基于COI基因片段构建的系统树并不一致,主要不同在于与日本蟳的分类关系上,基于16S rRNA基因片段构建的NJ系统树显示梭子蟹科的3个属聚为两大支:三疣梭子蟹不同的单倍型先聚在一起,再和梭子蟹属的远海梭子蟹及塞氏梭子蟹聚为一支;而青蟹属的3种蟹先聚在一起,再和日本蟳聚为一支。而基于COI基因片段构建的系统树显示,梭子蟹属先与青蟹属的两种蟹聚为一支,然后再与日本蟳聚在一起。本研究共发现19种单倍型,我国会场群体与日本北海道群体、韩国东海岸群体均有共享单倍型,表明我国会场群体与国外两个野生群体的遗传背景相似。这些资料为我国三疣梭子蟹的种质资源保护和利用提供了基础的分子生物学依据。  相似文献   

辽东湾三疣梭子蟹增殖放流效果评估     

王彬  刘修泽  李玉龙  董婧  王爱勇  于旭光  王小林  李成久  栾春钢  王玉龙 《水产学报》2020,44(8):1329-1339

根据2018年6—8月在辽东湾对三疣梭子蟹增殖放流前后进行的4个航次的对比调查结果,定量分析了辽东湾三疣梭子蟹自然群体和增殖放流群体的数量,并根据三疣梭子蟹放流苗种数量和放流后捕捞产量调查数据,对辽东湾三疣梭子蟹增殖放流效果开展评价。结果显示,2018年6月上中旬辽东湾海域三疣梭子蟹增殖放流前,自然群体资源量较低,相对资源密度为2.80只/h;在6月下旬共放流苗种3 678.94万只,7月上中旬、8月上中旬和8月下旬三疣梭子蟹相对资源密度分别为16.60、2.20和13.33只/h。通过6月上中旬放流前本底调查和8月下旬放流后跟踪调查分析增殖放流前后三疣梭子蟹资源量的变化,通过内禀增长率来计算自然群体在放流前后的种群扩繁能力,计算出2018年辽东湾三疣梭子蟹放流后,放流群体所占比例为30.10%;同时采用世代分析法,分析出2018年三疣梭子蟹当年补充群体占比为94.54%。统计2018年秋汛期间三疣梭子蟹捕捞产量为1 890 t,增殖放流回捕产量538 t,回捕率9.36%,投入产出比为1∶12.02。通过扫海面积法估算三疣梭子蟹的资源量为2 056 t,接近于回捕调查的实际产量。建议可以适当加大辽东湾三疣梭子蟹的放流量,促进辽东湾三疣梭子蟹资源修复和渔民增收。  相似文献   

基于线粒体DNA控制区序列的极边扁咽齿鱼群体遗传研究     

杨濯羽  杜岩岩  卡伟  焦文龙  王太  张艳萍  达虎 《水产科学》2024,(1):79-87

极边扁咽齿鱼是黄河上游特有的裂腹鱼类,由于人类活动的加剧,使其野生数量急剧下降,近年来通过增殖放流的方式为野生资源量进行补充。为评价增殖放流过程中人工繁育群体对野生群体的种质资源的影响,笔者利用线粒体DNA控制区(D-loop)序列来探究极边扁咽齿鱼野生和养殖的4个群体遗传多样性、遗传分化及遗传结构的差异。研究结果显示,4个群体均表现出了较高的单倍型多样性(0.950±0.011)和较低的核苷酸多样性(0.00987±0.00041),并且野生群体的单倍型数目、单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性指数均高于人工繁育群体。遗传结构分析结果显示,野生群体与人工繁育群体之间已产生了一定的遗传分化。中性检验表明,2个野生群体可能经历过种群扩张事件。研究结果表明,极边扁咽齿鱼人工繁育群体可能受到亲本数量有限、人工选择等影响,遗传多样性略有降低,有必要定期开展增殖放流效果的评估,并采用科学的人工繁育方法,丰富极边扁咽齿鱼种群的遗传多样性。  相似文献   

Genetic divergence among broodstocks of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in eastern Canada derived from the same founding populations     

Roy G Danzmann  Moira M Ferguson 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(10):1440-1452

We examined the amount and distribution of molecular variation at microsatellite loci in 21 broodstocks of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus derived from the Fraser River, Labrador and the Nauyuk Lake, Nunavut, Canada. Our goal was to assess the amount of genetic diversity and differentiation as broodstocks are subdivided and propagated in different hatcheries and grow‐out facilities. We observed significant heterogeneity across pairs of ancestral and descendant broodstocks in the mean numbers of alleles at microsatellite loci. We detected a significant decrease in the observed heterozygosity between ancestors and descendants but the amount of decrease did not depend on either the degree of removal from the wild (number of sequential transfers) or the strain (Fraser vs. Nauyuk). Based on allele frequency distributions, there was little genetic evidence of bottlenecks during the creation of subsequent broodstock populations after the initial founding events. All broodstock samples were significantly differentiated from each other but those within the same strain were more similar to each other than to broodstocks from different strains. Broodstocks from the Nauyuk Lake broodstocks showed greater differentiation from each other than did Fraser River broodstocks, which could be attributed to differences in the number of founders.  相似文献   

Monitoring of the genetic variability of the hatchery and recaptured fish in the stock enhancement program of the rare species barfin flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verasper moseri</Emphasis>     

María?del?Mar?Ortega-Villaizán Romo  Shigenori?Suzuki  Minoru?Ikeda  Masamichi?Nakajima  Nobuhiko?TaniguchiEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(5):1120-1130

ABSTRACT:   In relation to the stock enhancement program for barfin flounder, hatchery juveniles produced in 2001 were genotyped using microsatellite DNA markers (msDNA) and then released to natural waters. Subsequently, recaptured individuals, designated as 'tentative recaptured', were examined using msDNA. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the stock enhancement program, pairwise F _ST and genic differentiation tests were used to estimate the genetic divergence between the wild samples, the hatchery broodstock, and the tentative recaptured samples. Analysis showed significant differentiation among these three groups. Pedigree determination by msDNA was used to establish the origin of the tentative recaptured individuals, in order to elucidate whether they were hatchery produced, 'real recaptured', or wild specimens. Wild individuals were not found. The effective population size of the real recaptured stock was very low ( N _e = 16.6). Equal family survivability was observed between the released and real recaptured stocks, indicating that the genetic variability of the released stock was maintained in the natural environment. Future broodstock management, breeding designs, and family contribution equalization of the offspring to be released will be required in this rare species to avoid unintended genetic differentiation between the wild population and the hatchery broodstock.  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹莱州湾、舟山野生个体定向交配产生F2代家系的AFLP分析          下载免费PDF全文

罗云  高保全  刘萍  李健  戴芳钰 《渔业科学进展》2009,30(6):48-55

以三疣梭子蟹莱州湾、舟山野生群体杂交（莱州湾♀×舟山♂）产生F2代家系63个个体及F1代亲本为实验群体,采用AFLP分子标记对其进行遗传分析。35对选择性引物共扩增出1742个位点,其中分离位点为417个,不分离位点为1325个,多态位点比例为23．9％。在分离位点中,符合1：1孟德尔分离比例的位点为226个,占总分离位点数的54．2％;偏离1：1孟德尔分离比例的位点为31个,占总分离位点数7．4％。符合3：1孟德尔分离比例的位点为128个,占总分离位点数的30．7％;偏离3：1孟德尔分离比例的位点为32个,占总分离位点数的7．7％。家系内基因多样性指数为0．130,Shannon指数为0．193。遗传距离分析显示,子代个体与母本Nei’s遗传距离介于0．064～0．111之间,与父本Nei’s遗传距离介于0．065～0．107之间。其中,63号个体与48号个体分别与父、母本亲缘关系最远。本实验中,偏分离位点比例属正常范围,杂交F2代家系遗传多样性偏低。本研究结果为三疣梭子蟹野生群体及家系遗传多样性分析,遗传连锁图谱构建等方面提供一定的技术支持。  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of red sea bream Pagrus major in western Japan in relation to stock enhancement     

Ricardo Perez-Enriquez  Masaki Takemura  Kazuo Tabata  Nobuhiko Taniguchi 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(1):71-78

SUMMARY: Stock enhancement is used in Japan as a tool to help the replenishment of wild populations of red sea bream Pagrus major . In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity and composition of wild red sea bream at seven locations around Shikoku Island, South-west Japan, using three microsatellite loci. This analysis was done to test the hypothesis that: (i) red sea bream comprises a single Mendelian population along Japan; and (ii) stock enhancement programs around Shikoku Island are causing genetic differentiation among wild stocks. The results indicated that some locations from the Shikoku area were not significantly different from the rest of Japan, supporting the hypothesis of a single Mendelian population. Significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and significant pairwise F_ST among locations indicated genetic instability within this region. We suggest that the stock enhancement programs made in the region are the possible cause of this genetic instability. A management scheme for the hatcheries involved in the stock enhancement of red sea bream is presented.  相似文献   

Loss of genetic variability in the captive stocks of tambaqui,Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818), at breeding centres in Brazil,and their divergence from wild populations          下载免费PDF全文

Jonas da Paz Aguiar  Paola Fabiana Fazzi Gomes  Igor Guerreiro Hamoy  Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos  Horacio Schneider  Iracilda Sampaio 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1914-1925

The loss of variability in farmed populations and the risks of interactions with wild populations support the need for the genetic monitoring of species farmed throughout the world. In Brazil, the tambaqui is the most widely farmed native fish species. Despite this, there are no data on the pedigree of the farmed stocks, and the potential for interactions with wild populations in the Amazon basin has raised concerns with regard to the genetic variability of these stocks. The present study analysed sequences of the mitochondrial Control Region and 12 microsatellites to characterize the genetic variability of seven historically important commercial tambaqui breeding centres located in four different regions of Brazil, and compared these sequences with those obtained from individuals collected from a wild population. High levels of genetic diversity were found in the wild population, whereas genetic diversity was reduced in both markers in most captive populations, except for the broodstock located near the Amazon River. High F_ST and D_EST indices were recorded between the wild population and most of the captive stocks analysed. The drastic reduction in genetic diversity found in most captive stocks and the difference between these stocks and the wild population may have been the result of the small size of the founding populations and the absence of breeding management. The renewal of the broodstocks and the application of breeding management techniques are recommended. In the Amazon region, in addition, the use of broodstocks that are genetically very different from local wild populations should be avoided.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of wild mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas collected from Thailand and Cambodia     

Thawatchai Ngamsiri  Masamichi Nakajima  Srijanya Sukmanomon  Naruepon Sukumasavin  Wongphatom Kamonrat  Uthairat Na-Nakorn  Nobuhiko Taniguchi 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):792-799

The Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas is endemic to the Mekong River and is a critically endangered species. The genotypes of the microsatellite DNA (msDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers (right domain of the control region) were detected to evaluate the present status of genetic divergence of this species from the Mekong River in Thailand and Cambodia. The observed and expected heterozygosity values of Mekong giant catfish in Thailand and Cambodia were relatively low in comparison with those of other nonendangered freshwater fish species. These two populations from Thailand and Cambodia showed similar levels of genetic diversity, as evaluated by the 384 nucleotides of the mtDNA control region with 13 haplotypes. The pairwise F _ST value between the two populations based on the genotype frequencies of msDNA and mtDNA markers suggested a close genetic relationship between the populations in Thailand and Cambodia. The results of this study support the conclusion that the Mekong giant catfish is critically endangered. Care should be taken to sustain the genetic diversity of this species, as the level of genetic variability has already decreased in the wild population. This species is a target species for an ongoing stock enhancement program in the Mekong River in Thailand. It is proposed to apply these markers for proper broodstock management, such as for minimal kinship selective breeding in the hatchery.  相似文献   

中华绒螯蟹长江、黄河和辽河水系野生和养殖群体的遗传多样性     

苏雨  张成  李清清  郑海地  成永旭  吴旭干 《中国水产科学》2019,26(3):436-444

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)是中国最重要的淡水养殖蟹类,广泛分布于东亚地区,养殖区域主要集中在长江、黄河和辽河流域。本研究基于线粒体DNAD-loop区评估辽河野生群体(LW)和养殖群体(LC)、黄河野生群体(HW)和养殖群体(HC)及长江野生群体(YW)和养殖群体(YC)的遗传多样性和种群结构。结果显示:(1)用于本研究的D-loop基因片段长度为477 bp,共包含234个变异位点和131个简约信息位点, 6个群体的262个个体中共有110个单倍型,包括90个独有单倍型和20个共享单倍型;(2)6个种群的单倍型多样性指数(Hd)范围为0.88889～0.96522,核苷酸多样性指数(π)范围为0.00887～0.01602,养殖和野生群体遗传多样性水平依次为:HCYCLC及HWLWYW;(3)6个群体的遗传距离(Da)范围为0.0119～0.0173,不论是养殖群体还是野生群体,辽河群体和长江群体之间的遗传距离均最小,且6个群体间遗传分化指数FST为0.12938。对6个群体进行中性检验显示Tajima’s D和Fu’s Fs的值均为负值。综上,基于线粒体D-loop基因的研究结果表明,三水系养殖和野生群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,且辽河和长江水系中华绒螯蟹的亲缘关系相对较近,该研究为中华绒螯蟹的种质资源评估、保护和开发提供了参考。  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and structure of domesticated strains of red sea bream,Pagrus major,inferred from microsatellite DNA markers          下载免费PDF全文

Eitaro Sawayama  Motohiro Takagi 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(2):379-389

The genetic diversity and structure of nine domesticated strains of red sea bream used in a private hatchery were studied and compared to a wild population. A total of 313 individuals were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. Average number of alleles per locus ranged from 5.5 to 9.4 in domesticated strains, but that of the wild population was 28.4. Heterozygosity of domesticated strains (ranged 0.697–0.804) was also lower compared to the wild population (0.952). Estimated Ne also decreased in all domesticated strains (ranged 10.3–126.0) compared to the wild population (1422.5). The UPGMA tree and 3‐D FCA showed that there were two main clusters containing domesticated strains, and the wild population was at the middle of both of the domesticated clusters. The STRUCTURE analysis also supported the phylogenetic analysis, and revealed three sub‐clusters in the domesticated strains. Pairwise F_ST revealed that all domesticated strains were statistically different from the wild population, and also the differentiation between domesticated strains was all statistically significant. Information on genetic diversity and structure of domesticated strains of red sea bream obtained in this study will be useful for future broodstock management and selective breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Forecasting the Genetic Impacts of Net Pen Failures on Gulf of Mexico Cobia Populations Using Individual‐based Model Simulations          下载免费PDF全文

Tanya L. Darden  John D. Robinson  Allan E. Strand  Michael R. Denson 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(1):20-34

Offshore net pen fish farming provides a cost‐efficient means for production of marine finfish, and there is great interest in development of net pen operations in domestic waters. However, there are concerns over the possible genetic and ecological impacts that escaped fish may have on wild populations. We used individual‐based simulations, with parameter values informed by life history and genetic data, to investigate the short‐term (50 yr) impacts of net pen failures on the genetic composition of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, stocks in the Gulf of Mexico. Higher net pen failure rates resulted in greater genetic impacts on the wild population. Additionally, the use of more genetically differentiated source populations led to larger influxes of non‐native alleles and greater temporal genetic change in the population as a result of net pen failure. Our results highlight the importance of considering the appropriate source population for broodstock collection in net pen aquaculture systems and help to provide a general set of best management practices for broodstock selection and maintenance in net pen aquaculture operations. A thorough understanding of the genetic diversity, stock structure, and population demography of target species is important to determine the impact escapees can have on wild populations.  相似文献