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1.
Triticale is generally treated as a self‐pollinating crop and line breeding is practised. Hybrid breeding has been discussed for some time, but there is little information for winter triticale. This study investigated heterosis for eight agronomic traits in F1 and F2 hybrids grown together with their parents as drilled plots in three environments. On average, grain yield heterosis was 12.5 dt/ha (a relative 10.5%) compared with the mid‐parent value for F1 hybrids, and 6.2 dt/ha (5.0%) for F2 hybrids and withawide range of 4.4–17.1 dt/ha for F1 hybrids. A positive contribution to the heterosis of yield was made by kernels/spike and 1000‐kernel weight, whereas spikes/m2 showed negative heterosis. Hybrid plants in F1 and F2 were taller than mid‐parents (8.3 cm and 5.3 cm, respectively), with a tendency to earlier heading. The negative heterosis for falling number in F1 and F2 hybrids could be a problem for commercial production of triticale hybrids. By selecting parents for combining ability and the identification of heterotic patterns, grain yield heterosis of 20% appears feasible. 相似文献
2.
M. Herrmann 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(1):19-23
In triticale, preharvest sprouting tolerance is important for yield stability and quality of the grain. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to estimate quantitative genetic parameters of preharvest sprouting tolerance in triticale using a diallel of eight modern triticale cultivars and breeding lines. The 28 F1‐hybrids and the parents were planted in the breeding nurseries in 2001 and 2002 at four locations. Heading, plant height, falling numbers of two harvest dates, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and preharvest sprouting (Spr) were measured. The heritabilities for plant height and TKW were the highest with 0.91 and 0.85, respectively. Falling number and sprouting showed heritabilities between 0.66 and 0.83. Mid‐parent heterosis (MPHET) was negative for heading, indicating a non‐significant earlier heading of the F1‐hybrids. In plant height and TKW the heterosis was positive with 4.7% and 6.3% MPHET. Both falling numbers displayed a negative MPHET of nearly −15%. In contrast to falling numbers, the preharvest sprouting of hybrids was slightly reduced in comparison with the parents. In all traits analysed, general combining ability (GCA)‐variances were greater than specific combining ability (SCA)‐variances. 相似文献
3.
S. Dreisigacker A. E. Melchinger P. Zhang K. Ammar C. Flachenecker D. Hoisington M. L. Warburton 《Euphytica》2005,144(1-2):51-59
Development of hybrids is considered to be a promising avenue to enhance the yield potential of crops. We investigated (i)
the amount of heterosis observed in hybrid progeny, (ii) relative importance of general (GCA) versus specific (SCA) combining
ability, and (iii) the relationship between heterosis and genetic distance measures in four agronomic traits of spring bread
wheat. Eight male and 14 female lines, as well as 112 hybrids produced in a factorial design were grown in replicated trials
at two environments in Mexico. Principal coordinate analysis based on Rogers' distance (RD) estimates calculated from 113
SSRs revealed three different groups of parents. Mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for grain yield averaged 0.02 t ha−1 (0.5%) and varied from −15.33% to 14.13%. MPH and hybrid performance (F1P) were higher for intra-group hybrids than for inter-group
hybrids, with low values observed in inter-group crosses involving two non-adapted Chinese parents. Combined analyses of variance
revealed significant differences among parents and among hybrids. Estimates of GCA variances were more important than SCA
variances for all traits. Tight correlations of GCA with line per se performance, and mid-parent value with F1P were observed for all traits. In contrast, correlations of MPH with RD and coefficient
of parentage were not significant. It was concluded that the level of heterosis in spring wheat was too low to warrant a commercial
exploitation in hybrids. SSRs proved to be a powerful tool for the identification of divergent groups in advanced wheat breeding
materials. 相似文献
4.
Presence of substantial heterosis and economic hybrid seed production are two most desirable components for success of any commercial hybrid breeding programme. Thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines of rice, in this regard, have tremendous potential in realizing further quantum jump in yield and economical hybrid seed cost. Analyses for combining ability and heterosis over optimum (120N : 60P2O5 : 40K2O kg/ha) and high (200N : 90P2O5 : 60K2O kg/ha) fertility environments for six traits were made in 2 years (2001 and 2002) using 120 hybrids of inter‐ and intra‐subspecific nature derived from hybridization of 30 elite indica TGMS lines and four cultivars, viz., ‘Pant Dhan 4’ and ‘Ajaya’ (I = indica), ‘Taichung 65’ (J = japonica) and ‘IR 65598‐112‐2’ (TJ = tropical japonica) in line × tester mating design. Predominance of non‐additive genetic variance suggested good prospects of hybrid breeding. Pooled analysis revealed highly significant variances for lines, general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and line x tester. TGMS line 365‐8S was the best general combiner for all the six traits including grain yield. Trend of relative mid‐parent heterosis for grain yield, panicle length, grain number per panicle and earliness in flowering was I/TJ > I/J > I/I. For panicle number per plant and 1000‐grain weight, trends were I/TJ > I/I > I/J and I/I > I/TJ > I/J, respectively. Grain yield recorded heterosis of 49.3%, 71.9% and 92.7% for I/I, I/J and I/TJ hybrid groups respectively. Effect of environments on the hybrid performance indicated better response of hybrids at high fertilizer dose. Study suggests greater prospects of combining improved japonica and tropical japonica germplasms having wide compatible gene with indica TGMS lines for exploitation of intersubspecific heterosis. 相似文献
5.
Prospects for hybrid breeding in winter triticale: II. Relationship between parental genetic distance and specific combining ability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Significant relative midparent heterosis (MPH%) for grain yield in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) has generated interest in the development of hybrid cultivars. The objectives of this study were to (i) examine the association between parental genetic distance (GD) and specific combining ability (SCA), (ii) investigate the existence of genetically distant heterotic groups in elite germplasm, and (iii) draw conclusions for future hybrid breeding in winter triticale. Genetic distance between 61 lines was estimated, based on 93 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci and 10 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) primer‐enzyme combinations (PEC). Agronomic data of 206 F1 crosses and their 61 parental lines grown in six German environments were published recently in a companion study. Correlations were made between SCA for grain yield, number of spikes/m2, 1000‐kernel weight and number of kernels per spike with GD estimates of the 56 female and five male parents (testers). Principal co‐ordinate analyses (PCoA) based on SSR data revealed no distinct subgroups in the germplasm. Correlations between GD and SCA were low for all traits (|r| ≤ 0.31), which hampers the prediction of SCA from molecular data. A multi‐stage procedure is recommended for future hybrid breeding in triticale by applying a pragmatic approach for the grouping of germplasm following the early history of hybrid breeding of maize. 相似文献
6.
转Bt基因棉杂种优势及性状配合力研究 总被引：45，自引：19，他引：26
采用NCⅡ设计方法,选用我国构建的Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis)基因棉GK3和美国构建的Bt基因棉新棉33B等Bt基因棉为父本,配制杂交组合,分析了含Bt基因杂交棉组合的性状优势表现及配合力效应。性状优势分析表明,组合的中亲优势和竞争优势明显,皮棉产量中亲优势率达100％,竞争优势率达86．7％,多数品质性状较对照为优,表明转Bt基因棉品系与常规品种间杂种优势利用潜力较大;通径分析表明,在增产因素中,铃重和铃数所起贡献较大;配合力分析表明,父本间和母本间的GCA均方值均达显著或极显著水平,组合的SCA均方值除子、皮棉声量性状外,其余均不显著,在F1性状的遗传中,各性状的加性效应起主导作用;F1的性状表型值与父、母本的GCA呈高度正相关,并达显著水平,表明选配含Bt基因杂交组合时,选择GCA值大的亲本较为可靠。 相似文献
7.
以6个玉米自交系及其双列杂交组合进行试验,用3种方法计算的遗传距离来研究距离与杂种优势及配合力的关系。结果为:(1)PD~2(表—主—欧法计算)和GD~2(基—主—欧法计算)与穗粒重平均优势具有显著抛物线关系,PGD~2(表—主—道—欧法计算)与穗粒重平均优势亦有抛物线关系的趋势。(2)亲本的一般遗传距离(GGD~2)和一般表型距离(GPD~2)与亲本吐丝日数的一般配合力呈现高度负相关。(3)GD~2和PD~2与穗粒重、吐丝日数、穗长、千粒重的特殊配合力无确定关系,与穗行数、果穗重、穗位高、株高的特殊配合力略呈抛物线关系。PGD~2与上述8个性状的特殊配合力有抛物线关系的趋势。(4)杂交组配时应考虑:在类间选择亲本;双亲间PGD~2较大;双亲自身产量较高。 相似文献
8.
选用农家种改良过的6个食葵细胞质雄性不育系和4个优良的分枝型恢复系为亲本,按NCⅡ遗传交配设计,配成24个F1杂种,研究了9个主要经济性状,即株高、茎粗、生育期、盘径、单盘总粒数、单盘实粒数、结实率、百粒重、单株产量的配合力及杂种优势表现。结果显示：（1）不育系中有8个性状,恢复系中有7个性状的一般配合力差异达显著或极显著水平;有4个性状的特殊配合力差异达到显著或极显著水平;（2）株高、茎粗、生育期、盘径、百粒重等5个性状主要受基因的加性效应控制;单盘总粒数、单盘实粒数、结实率、及单株产量等4个性状则受基因的加性效应和非加性效应共同影响;（3）从GCA分析看,参试的不育系以A6最为理想,A2次之;恢复系则以C3最为理想。从SCA分析看,组合A2C1单株产量效应值最高;（4）杂种优势分析表明,大部分经济性状存在杂种优势,甚至相当一部分存在超亲优势,并且这些优势都是可利用的,F1多倾向于早熟、粗壮、高杆、大盘、多粒亲本。 相似文献
9.
选用4份分枝型恢复系和6份雄性不育系材料作亲本,按照不完全双列杂交（NCII）设计配制24份向日葵杂交组合,对组合的小区产量、单株产量、单盘实粒数、百粒重、籽仁率、籽粒长度和籽粒宽度7个性状的亲本配合力、遗传参数及竞争优势进行分析。结果表明,24份组合的7个性状存在真实性的遗传差异。在亲本不育系一般配合力（GCA）选择的基础上,应注意组合特殊配合力（SCA）的选择,GCA效应值高的亲本育种潜力较大,组配出优势组合的概率大;籽粒长度和籽粒宽度的狭义遗传力较低,分别为7.91%和14.89%,不宜进行早代选择;GCA较高的不育系为亲本A和亲本D,其中亲本A在各性状上均为正向GCA效应值,且在供试不育系中,其GCA效应值最大,其次为亲本D;组合1×A小区产量的SCA效应值及竞争优势最高,为本试验中的最优组合,其他籽粒性状与对照相比也均有提升。 相似文献
10.
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important staple food crop in West and Central Africa (WCA). However, its production is constrained by drought. Knowledge and understanding of the genetics of hybrid performance under drought is invaluable in designing breeding strategies for improving maize yield. One hundred and fifty hybrids obtained by crossing 30 inbreds in sets using the North Carolina Design II plus six checks were evaluated under drought and well‐watered conditions for 2 years at three locations in Nigeria. The objectives of the studies were to (i) determine the mode of gene action controlling grain yield and other important agronomic traits of selected early inbred lines, (ii) examine the relationship between per se performance of inbreds and their hybrids and (iii) identify appropriate testers for maize breeding programmes in WCA. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were significant (P < 0.01) for grain yield and other traits under the research environments. The GCA accounted for 64.5 % and 62.3 % of the total variation for grain yield under drought and well‐watered conditions, indicating that additive gene action largely controlled the inheritance of grain yield of the hybrids. Narrow‐sense heritability was 67 % for grain yield under drought and 49 % under well‐watered conditions. The correlations between traits of early‐maturing parental lines and their hybrids were significant (P < 0.01) under drought, well‐watered and across environments. Mid‐parent and better‐parent heterosis for grain yield were 45.3 % and 18.4 % under drought stress and 111.9 % and 102.6 % under well‐watered conditions. Inbreds TZEI 31, TZEI 17, TZEI 129 and TZEI 157 were identified as the best testers. Drought‐tolerant hybrids with superior performance under stress and non‐stress conditions could be obtained through the accumulation of favourable alleles for drought tolerance in both parental lines. 相似文献
11.
Genetic analysis of rapeseed self-incompatibility lines reveals significant heterosis of different patterns for yield and oil content traits 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Self‐incompatibility is one of the most effective approaches to utilizing heterosis in oilseed rape around the world. To evaluate the heterosis of double low self‐incompatibility, the possibility of combining seed yield and oil content, and the genetic effects of parents on their hybrid progenies, a 2‐year field trial using a 3 × 22 NC II mating design was conducted during the 1999‐2001 growing seasons in Wuhan, China. Significant differences in seed yield per plant and seed oil content were observed among the F1 hybrids and between F1 progenies and their parents. However, the heterosis for seed yield per plant was much greater than that for seed oil content. Mid‐parent heterosis and high‐parent heterosis of seed yield per plant ranged from 5.50 to 64.11% and from –2.81 to 46.02%, while those of seed oil content ranged from –1.55 to 7.44% and –3.61 to 6.55%, respectively. Non‐additive genetic effects were a major mechanism that accounted for the yield heterosis in addition to additive effects. In contrast, seed oil content heterosis was mainly dependent on an additive genetic effect. General combining ability (GCA) determined the stability of hybrid cultivars. In hybrid breeding, parental materials might be selected by the sum of GCAs and variances of special combining abilities (SCAs) of female and male parents for traits affected by both additive and non‐additive effects, and by the sum of GCAs of two parents for traits controlled mainly by additive effects. Primary branches and their siliques were the most important yield traits. 相似文献
12.
Hybrid performance and heterosis in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne), regarding acidity,soluble solids and dry matter content in fruits 
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下载免费PDF全文 Elżbieta Kaczmarska Jacek Gawroński Ewa Jabłońska‐Ryś Marta Zalewska‐Korona Wojciech Radzki Aneta Sławińska 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(2):232-238
A top‐cross‐mating design among 29 S4 inbred lines and tester (cultivar ‘Dukat’) was carried out to study their breeding value in terms of general combining ability (GCA). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the acidity, soluble solids and dry matter contents in fruits of progeny F1 in comparison with S4 inbred lines as well as the cultivars (S0); identify strawberry genotypes with high value of GCA for use in cultivar development; and determine mid‐parent heterosis regarding S4 inbred lines and cultivated strawberry. The 2‐year observations showed statistically significant differences between tested genotypes in terms of the studied traits. The highest breeding value based on GCA was estimated for Chandler 123‐5 for soluble solids and dry matter content, and Kent 7‐6 for acidity. Estimated mid‐parent heterosis had positive and negative values. The highest heterosis in terms of extract and dry matter content (26.71% and 17.50%, respectively) occurred in the offspring Chandler 123‐5 × ‘Dukat’, but as regards acidity in hybrid Chandler 123‐22 with cv. ‘Dukat’. The study of genetic divergence by dendrograms may help to identify parents suitable for obtaining hybrids with higher heterosis effects. 相似文献
13.
杂交水稻产量及农艺性状杂种优势分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨杂种优势与双亲值、双亲一般配合力（GCA）、组合特殊配合力（SCA）、双亲遗传距离的关系,利用10个不育系和10个恢复系,按不完全双列杂交配制100个组合,对杂交水稻产量及农艺性状的杂种优势进行了分析,探索杂种优势的预测方法。结果表明：杂种一代的超亲优势和对照优势主要体现在穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数几个性状上,其具有正向超亲优势组合的比例分别达到61.0%、66.0%和53.0%,具有正向对照优势的比例分别为62.0%、78.0%和79.0%,结实率性状具有正向对照优势的比例也达到58.0%。杂种优势与父母本值、父母本平均值、高亲值、低亲值及父母本差值都有较为密切的关系,超亲优势与高亲值在8个性状上都极显著相关;对照优势与母本值、父母本平均值、高亲值都呈显著或极显著正相关。杂种优势与SCA和亲本的GCA效应值密切相关,特别是对照优势与SCA和双亲的GCA都呈显著或极显著正相关,同时与父母本的GCA之差和之和都有较大的关系。杂种优势与遗传距离的关系比较复杂,当遗传距离在5~5.5范围内,双亲的距离越远,杂种优势越强。 相似文献
14.
以3个不育系和10个恢复系为材料,采用NCII交配设计研究10个米质性状的配合力和杂种优势,结果表明：（1）大多数品质性状介于双亲之间,除粒重表现一定的超高亲优势,垩白度和粒宽表现一定的正向平均优势外,其它品质性状优势不明显。（2）杂种稻米的品质性状主要受不育系或恢复系的影响,其中,对于粒长、粒宽和直链淀粉含量这3个性状,不育系的影响要高于恢复系,而对于整精米率、粒重、垩白率、垩白度和糊化温度,则表现为恢复系的影响要高于不育系。（3）就优质育种的利用价值而言,不育系中以广占63-4S为好,而恢复系中则以扬稻6号为好,蜀恢527、镇恢084次之,用上述亲本选配的杂交组合米质较好;恢复系特青、盐恢559表现为一般配合力效应差,特殊配合力方差小,优质育种利用价值不大。 相似文献
15.
Hybrid breeding for biomass yield in winter triticale: I. Hybrid performance,trait correlations and heterosis 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Dominik Losert Hans Peter Maurer Sigrid Weissmann Tobias Wü rschum 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(5):560-566
Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) holds great potential as a source for biomass production for industrial applications in Central Europe and hybrid breeding in particular appears promising owing to the higher vigour of hybrids compared to lines. In this study, a set of 178 winter triticale genotypes, including 91 hybrids, their 10 male and 23 female parental lines, as well as 54 varieties were evaluated for biomass yield and other agronomically relevant traits in 2 years at five locations in Germany. We observed a large variation of dry biomass yield as well as significant genotypic variances and high heritabilities for all traits. For the hybrids, a moderate correlation was observed between biomass and plant height and between biomass and grain yield. Mid‐parent heterosis of biomass yield ranged from ?13.6 to 16.5% with an average of 4.8%, and the maximum commercial heterosis was 9.1%. Taken together, our results illustrate the potential of hybrid breeding of triticale for biomass yield to diversify our portfolio of crops for biomass production. 相似文献
16.
The degree of heterosis for total tuber yield (TTY) and total solids (TS) in 4x‐2x crosses was estimated by comparing the performance of 12 families with their respective parents in two locations in Wisconsin (USA). The parental 2x clones were Phureja‐haploid Tuberosum hybrids with 2n‐pollen production by first‐division restitution. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were estimated for TTY, TS, vine maturity (VM), length of tuber sprout dormancy (LD), and tuber eye depth (ED). Family performance for TTY ranged from 74 to 146% at Hancock (E#1) and from 77 to 287 at Rhinelander (E#2) when compared with that of the 4x parent group. For VM, the families were late maturing, but a few precocious ones were identified. For TS, the families had heterosis of 5.1% over the 4x parent group. The families had slightly higher ED values than the 4x parents, but families with values within the commercial range were identified. The family average for LD (54 days) was closer to the 2x group (51 days) than to the 4x group (88 days). The direction and magnitude of the parent‐family relationships were variable. The 4x parent TTY was correlated with progeny in E#1 but not E#2. The 2x parent VM had correlation with the offspring at E#2 but not at E#1. The type of gene action had a trait‐specific expression. Significant SCA and GCA variances were observed, suggesting that additive as well as non‐additive genetic effects were operating. The 4x‐2x crosses were able to generate heterotic families for TTY and TS in combination with other useful traits. However, no promising results were found for LD because of the apparent dominance of the short‐dormancy phenotype. This result indicates the need of additional selection and breeding efforts for some specific traits when using S. phureja‐derived germplasm. 相似文献
17.
The most effective strategy to control Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease of small‐grain cereals, is breeding resistant cultivars. This resistance study of F1 crosses, F2 and backcross generations of triticale estimates heterosis, general and specific combining ability (GCA, SCA), additive and dominance effects and compares parents with segregating generations. The genetic material consisted of 10 parents with their 45 F1 crosses and of six parents with their 15 F2 progeny and backcrosses to each parent. Genotypes were grown in various environments and artificially inoculated with an aggressive isolate of F. culmorum. FHB was assessed, by visual rating, as the mean of four to five individual ratings of disease development. Heterosis for FHB was of little importance. The correlation between the FHB rating of F1 crosses and their mid‐parent performance was close. GCA was the predominant source of variation, although the significance of the SCA variance also implied non‐additive allelic interaction. The preponderance of additive gene effects is encouraging for increasing resistance by a recurrent selection programme. The relationship between the GCA effect of a parent and its per se performance was close, which gives the possibility of predicting FHB resistance in F1 crosses. Additive effects were predominant in the F2 progeny and also in the backcrosses. Transgressive segregants could not be detected. Searching for them should be postponed to the F3 or later generations. 相似文献
18.
Heterotic patterns in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): II. Crosses between European winter and Chinese semi-winter lines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chinese semi-winter rapeseed is genetically diverse from European winter rapeseed. Our objectives were (1) to evaluate the potential of semi-winter rapeseed for winter rapeseed hybrid breeding, (2) to assess the relative importance of general combining ability (GCA) vs. specific combining ability (SCA) among combinations between Chinese semi-winter and European winter rapeseed, and (3) to compare the strategies to predict heterosis based on parental genetic distance (GD) estimated from AFLP marker data and GCA for hybrid performance. Four winter male sterile lines from Germany as testers were crossed with 14 Chinese semi-winter rapeseed lines to develop 56 hybrids, which were evaluated together with their parents and commercial hybrids for seed yield, oil content and protein content under three environments in Germany. The Chinese parental lines were not adapted to local environmental conditions as demonstrated by lacking winter hardiness and poor seed yields per se . However, the hybrids between the Chinese parents and the adapted winter rapeseed lines exhibited high heterosis for seed yield. About 20% of the hybrids were significantly superior to the respective hybrid control under three environments. Additive gene effects mainly contributed to hybrid performance since the variance components of GCA were higher as compared with SCA. The correlation between parental GD and hybrid performance was found to be low whereas the correlation between GCA and hybrid performance was high and significant, with correlation coefficients of 0.95 for seed yield, 0.87 for oil content, and 0.91 for protein content, indicating that GCA can predict hybrid performance. These results demonstrate that Chinese semi-winter rapeseed germplasm has a great potential to increase seed yield in winter rapeseed hybrid breeding programmes in Europe. 相似文献
19.
优质蛋白玉米产量和品质性状配合力、杂种优势及相关分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以3个优质蛋白玉米自交系（♀）和5个优质蛋白玉米自交系（♂）为试验材料,按照NCⅡ遗传交配设计组配成15个杂交组合,对其主要性状的配合力、杂种优势及其间相关进行分析。结果表明：①同一性状不同材料间,同一材料不同性状间其配合力效应表现复杂,存在不同效应大小和正负作用方向的差异,父本A粒深、容重的一般配合力均较高;母本2赖氨酸含量的一般配合力较高;组合3×C容重的特殊配合力较高。②小区产量与粒深、穗粗呈极显著正相关;赖氨酸含量与粗脂肪含量呈极显著正相关,与粗蛋白含量呈显著正相关。③赖氨酸含量、粗蛋白含量以超低亲杂种优势为主;粗淀粉含量以超中亲优势为主;粗脂肪含量以超高亲优势为主。 相似文献
20.
Johannes Trini Hans Peter Maurer Sigrid Weissmann Tobias Würschum 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(5):906-915
Accurate hybrid prediction and knowledge about the relative contribution of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are of utmost importance for efficient hybrid breeding. We therefore evaluated 91 triticale single-cross hybrids in field trials at seven environments for plant height, heading time, fresh biomass, dry matter content and dry biomass. Fresh and dry biomass showed the highest proportion (23%) of variance due to SCA. Prediction accuracies based on GCA were slightly higher than based on mid-parent values. Utilizing parental kinship information yielded the highest prediction accuracies when both parental lines have been tested in other hybrid combinations, but still moderate-to-low prediction accuracies for two untested parents. Thus, hybrid prediction for biomass traits in triticale is currently promising based on mid-parent values as emphasized by our simulation study, but can be expected to shift to GCA-based prediction with an increasing importance of GCA due to selection in hybrid breeding. Moreover, the performance of potential hybrids between newly developed lines can be predicted with moderate accuracy using genomic relationship information. 相似文献