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首次研究了外源细胞分裂素6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)对雨生红球藻积累虾青素的作用。在营养生长期的雨生红球藻培养液中,分别添加不同浓度梯度的6-BA,进行胁迫培养(25℃,24 h 5000 lx连续光照 营养盐饥饿),诱导藻细胞合成并积累虾青素。显微观察各不同处理组藻细胞虾青素积累过程的动态变化,并定期取样进行虾青素含量测定。结果表明,10 mg/L的6-BA处理对雨生红球藻积累虾青素有明显促进作用,胁迫培养26 d后藻细胞完全变红,比对照组提前18 d;虾青素含量比对照组提高2.52%。较高浓度的6-BA(20、30、50 mg/L)则对藻细胞有较强致死作用。 相似文献
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《水产科学》2015,(9)
研究了不同光周期条件(0L∶24D、4L∶20D、8L∶16D、12L∶12D、16L∶8D、20L∶4D、24L∶0D)对雨生红球藻生物量(细胞密度和单位体积干质量)、虾青素含量(单位干质量虾青素含量和单个细胞虾青素含量)、丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力的影响。生物量的测定采用显微细胞计数法和直接称质量法,虾青素含量、丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力的测定采用分光光度法。试验结果表明,雨生红球藻生物量和丙二醛含量随光照时间的延长先升后降,虾青素含量和总抗氧化能力则随光照时间的延长逐渐升高;雨生红球藻生物量和丙二醛含量均在16L∶8D光周期条件下达到最大值,且显著高于连续黑暗和连续光照条件下的生物量和丙二醛含量(P0.05);雨生红球藻虾青素含量和总抗氧化能力在连续光照条件下最高,且均显著高于每日光照时间小于20h条件下的虾青素含量和总抗氧化能力(P0.05);在20L∶4D和连续光照条件下的雨生红球藻生物量、单个细胞虾青素含量和丙二醛含量无显著差异(P0.05),但这两种条件下的单位干质量虾青素含量和总抗氧化能力差异显著(P0.05);在连续黑暗条件下,雨生红球藻生物量、虾青素含量、丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力均最低。本研究结果为雨生红球藻的大规模培养和虾青素的规模化生产和应用提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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为探讨盐胁迫对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)虾青素合成的影响与机理,以及雨生红球藻各抗氧化机制之间的关系,本研究采用生化和分子生物学方法研究了不同浓度(0.04 mol/L、0.08 mol/L、0.12 mol/L和0.16 mol/L)和不同时间(3 d、6 d和9 d)的盐(Na Cl)胁迫对雨生红球藻生长、虾青素积累、番茄红素β-环化酶(Lcy)、β-胡萝卜素羟化酶(Crt R-B)和β-胡萝卜素酮化酶(Bkt)基因表达、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,各胁迫时间的雨生红球藻的密度均随着盐胁迫浓度的增加而不断下降,在盐胁迫的第9天,雨生红球藻的死亡率和孢子比例均随着盐胁迫浓度的增加而不断升高;雨生红球藻虾青素含量、Lcy、Crt R-B和Bkt基因表达量均随着盐胁迫浓度和时间的增加而不断提高;雨生红球藻SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性以及MDA含量在不同浓度和不同时间的盐胁迫下与对照组(0.00 mol/L Na Cl)相比均升高,且在不同时间的0.12 mol/L Na Cl胁迫下与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05);雨生红球藻虾青素含量、Lcy、Crt R-B和Bkt基因表达量在盐胁迫的早期(第3天)和中期(第6天)阶段较低,在盐胁迫的后期(第9天)阶段较高,而SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性以及MDA含量在盐胁迫的早期和中期阶段较高,在盐胁迫的后期阶段较低。实验结果说明了适当浓度和时间的盐胁迫能促进雨生红球藻累积虾青素,雨生红球藻在盐胁迫下主要是通过提高虾青素合成相关酶基因的转录水平来促进虾青素的合成,其虾青素和抗氧化酶的抗氧化活性可能互为补充,共同保护雨生红球藻免受盐胁迫的氧化损伤。 相似文献
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施用水杨酸对雨生红球藻中虾青素积累的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在对数生长期的藻液中分别加入不同质量浓度的水杨酸(SA)溶液,进行胁迫培养(25℃,24 h5000 lx连续光照 营养盐饥饿),诱导细胞内虾青素的合成积累。在诱导过程中,显微观察不同质量浓度SA处理后细胞形态和虾青素积累的动态变化,并定期取样测定虾青素含量。结果表明,10.0 mg/L和5.0 mg/L的SA能够明显促进雨生红球藻中积累虾青素。其中,5.0 mg/L的SA诱导最为明显,不仅可以加快虾青素积累进程(比对照组提前23 d),而且虾青素产量比对照组提高75.8%;而15 mg/L和20 mg/L的SA溶液则对藻细胞有毒害作用。 相似文献
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雨生红球藻是一种能产生重要次生代谢产物——虾青素的单细胞绿藻,茉莉酸甲酯( MeJA)等诱导因子可促进植物次生代谢产物的积累.以雨生红球藻为研究对象,研究了不同浓度MeJA对雨生红球藻细胞生长、虾青素含量和dxs基因表达的影响.结果表明,MeJA在抑制雨生红球藻细胞生长和总虾青素产量的积累的同时,却能促进雨生红球藻单位细胞虾青素的合成能力.当MeJA浓度为800 μmol/L时,单位细胞虾青素合成能力可达1.75×10-9mg,相比对照组(1.42×10-9 mg)增加23.24％.RT-PCR分析结果表明,dxs基因的表达受MeJA的诱导,800 μmol/L MeJA处理条件下,dxs基因的表达水平最高.相关分析结果表明,MeJA作用下的雨生红球藻虾青素含量和dxs基因表达量呈正相关,推断dxs基因可能是雨生红球藻虾青素合成的一个关键酶基因,这为进一步通过代谢工程策略提高雨生红球藻虾青素含量提供了一个靶点,也为虾青素规模化生产和探讨虾青素积累的分子机理提供参考. 相似文献
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研究了不同质量浓度花生四烯酸对雨生红球藻细胞生长和虾青素含量的影响。结果表明,适宜质量浓度的花生四烯酸(62.5 mg/L)能促进雨生红球藻细胞的生长,而低质量浓度(0.1~12.5 mg/L)和高质量浓度(312.5~1562.5 mg/L)的花生四烯酸均能抑制雨生红球藻细胞的生长;花生四烯酸能促进雨生红球藻虾青素的积累,随着花生四烯酸质量浓度的增加,雨生红球藻虾青素含量也逐渐增加,当花生四烯酸质量浓度为312.5 mg/L时,虾青素的含量最高,达3.67 mg/L,比对照组提高48.8%。 相似文献
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饲料中添加雨生红球藻对七彩神仙鱼生长、体色及抗氧化力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)对七彩神仙鱼(Symphysodon haraldi)增色效果以及对机体抗氧化力的影响,分别用添加0(对照组)、3.33、6.66、9.99、13.32和16.65 g/kg雨生红球藻(折算成虾青素添加量分别为0、100、200、300、400和500 mg/kg饲料)的饲料饲喂七彩神仙鱼6周,测定七彩神仙鱼皮肤、鳍条、肌肉和肝脏中的虾青素含量、体表的三刺激值和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果显示:饲料中添加雨生红球藻可以显著提高七彩神仙鱼的增重率,当添加量为9.99 g/kg其增重率最大。七彩神仙鱼皮肤、鳍条、肌肉和肝脏虾青素含量随着雨生红球藻添加量的增加而升高,当雨生红球藻添加量超过6.66 g/kg,各组织中虾青素的含量趋于稳定。随着雨生红球藻添加量增加,皮肤L*值(亮度)下降、而a*值(红度)和b*值(黄度)升高,皮肤中虾青素含量与三刺激值间的相关性均达到高度相关,并与a*值的相关性最高。随着雨生红球藻添加量的增加,七彩神仙鱼肝脏的T-AOC和GSH的含量也逐渐升高。结果表明,在饲料中添加雨生红球藻可提高七彩神仙鱼的增重率,提高七彩神仙鱼皮肤虾青素含量,改善七彩神仙鱼体色,增强机体的抗氧化能力;雨生红球藻的添加量建议为6.66~9.99 g/kg(虾青素含量为200~300 mg/kg)。 相似文献
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以雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)为对象,研究高光照、缺氮条件下,外源添加不同浓度的二丁基羟基甲苯(Butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT)对雨生红球藻生长、虾青素积累、油脂合成、脂肪酸组成、碳水化合物、蛋白含量以及虾青素和脂肪酸合成相关酶基因的影响。结果显示,添加不同浓度的BHT后,2 mg/L BHT添加组虾青素积累量为最高,显著高于其他实验组和对照组(P<0.05),达到31.66 mg/g,是对照组的1.87倍。油脂含量达45.56%,高于同期对照组(39.06%),脂肪酸组成变化不显著。在此条件下,虾青素合成关键酶基因dxs和bkt表达水平分别是对照组的5.19倍和2.04倍;脂肪酸合成关键酶基因kas和acp表达水平较对照组显著提高(P<0.05),分别是对照组的4.56倍和3.02倍。与对照组相比,2 mg/L BHT添加组的碳水化合物和蛋白含量均呈下降趋势。研究表明,在胁迫条件下,外源添加适量浓度的BHT能有效促进雨生红球藻中虾青素的积累,同时提高了藻细胞内的油脂含量。 相似文献
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介绍了虾青素的生产方法及生物活性的最新研究进展情况。对目前工业化采用的生产方法及技术特点进行了具体的阐述和对比总结,如从水产品的废弃物、雨生红球藻和红发夫酵母中提取,而雨生红球藻是自然界中天然虾青素含量最高的生物来源;介绍了虾青素的诸多生物活性及应用概况,如抗氧化、抗炎抗感染、抗肿瘤、抗疲劳、预防骨质疏松的作用等。随着对虾青素药理毒理活性的进一步研究,虾青素不仅用作珍贵水产动物养殖的饵料添加剂,在食品、药品、化妆品和高级营养保健品等领域也将得到广泛的应用,具有巨大的市场潜力。对利用雨生红球藻生产天然虾青素的机制、现状进行总结及展望,对进一步研究雨生红球藻具有深远的意义。 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
15.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
19.
T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献